Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Predictors Of Low Birth Weight And 24-Hour Perinatal Outcomes At Muhimbili National Hospital In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis Of Obstetric Records, Benjamin Anathory Kamala, Andrew Hans Mgaya, Matilda Michael Ngarina, Hussein Kidanto

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Abstract

Introduction: The global prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) is 16%, representing more than 20 million infants worldwide, of which 96% are born in low-income countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, predictors and perinatal outcomes of LBW newborns.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data obtained from the hospital's obstetric and neonatal database. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were performed with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results: The prevalence of LBW was 21% (n = 8,011) and two-thirds of these were delivered at term. Seven percent of newborns were stillbirths and 2% died within 24hrs after …

Optimizing Student Retention: Measurement And Analysis Of Strategies Implemented Within Traditional Bachelor’S In Nursing Programs, Bethanie K. Gamble Dr.

Nursing Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is an exploration of strategies that optimize nursing student retention. While college students experience a degree of personal and social challenges toward degree completion, nursing students experience higher incidences of attrition due to the academic rigors, clinical scheduling, and high stresses of nursing programs. While few institutional contributions can address personal and social issues impacting retention, nursing programs have a unique opportunity to develop interventions to strengthen social connections to the academic institution and facilitate early connections to the profession. These professional integration factors are central domains of the Jeffreys’ Nursing Universal Retention and Success (NURS) model and …

Functional Mastery Of Health Ownership In Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Maria Donnelley

Nursing Theses and Dissertations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis) is an incurable autoimmune disease causing overwhelming physical distress and psychological adaptation. The negative disease symptoms effect all aspects of everyday life. The physical and biological burdens of the disease progression can be complicated and long-term. Not all patients have a positive outcome throughout their health journey. This dissertation is an exploration of the associations between an individual’s personal characteristics and life situation and the ability to function fully and achieve mastery of their health within the parameters of their disease burden. The first manuscript, Functional Mastery of Health Ownership: A Model …

The Management And Treatment Of Hypertension In Patients With Diabetes, Margaret E. Krasowski

Nursing Capstones

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of A Novel Finite Element Model Of Active Contraction In The Heart, Xiaoyan Zhang, Zhan-Qiu Liu, Kenneth S. Campbell, Jonathan F. Wenk

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Finite element (FE) modeling is becoming a widely used approach for the investigation of global heart function. In the present study, a novel model of cellular-level systolic contraction, which includes both length- and velocity-dependence, was implemented into a 3D non-linear FE code. To validate this new FE implementation, an optimization procedure was used to determine the contractile parameters, associated with sarcomeric function, by comparing FE-predicted pressure and strain to experimental measures collected with magnetic resonance imaging and catheterization in the ventricles of five healthy rats. The pressure-volume relationship generated by the FE models matched well with the experimental data. Additionally, …

05-08-2018 Hsc Committee Meeting Notice, Patrice Martin

HSC Committee (A subcommittee of the UNM Board of Regents)

No abstract provided.

Altruism, Scepticism, And Collective Decision-Making In Foreign-Born U.S. Residents In A Tuberculosis Vaccine Trial, Sienna R. Craig, Timothy Lahey, Apoorva Dixit, C. Fordham Von Reyn

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background:

The current vaccine against tuberculosis, BCG, is effective when given in most TB-endemic countries at birth but has diminished efficacy against pulmonary TB after 15–20 years. As a result, new booster vaccines for adolescents and adults are being developed to realize the World Health Organization target of global elimination of TB by 2035. Multiple TB candidates thus are in active clinical development.

Methods:

One of these, DAR-901, is advancing in human clinical trials. These clinical trials are conducted in BCG immunized adults with and without HIV infection in order to assess safety and efficacy among the people most in …

Week Of April 23, 2018, New York Medical College

InTouch

• NYMC Commemorates Yom Hashaoh
• Camille A. Clare, M.D., M.P.H. '11, Receives 2018 AMWA Gender Equity Award
• 2018 NYMed Talks Addresses "Medicine and Society, Our Moral Compass"
• SHSP Hosts Talk on Pollution and the Health of the Planet by Leading Authority on Children's Health
• NYMC Goes Blue for National Autism Awareness Month

Procedural Competency Training During Diagnostic Radiology Residency: Time To Go Beyond “See One, Do One, Teach One”!, Driss Raissi, Qiong Han, Michael A. Winkler, Edward J. Escott

Radiology Faculty Publications

Objectives: Achieving procedural competency during diagnostic radiology residency can impact the radiologist's future independent practice after graduation, especially in a private practice setting. However, standardized procedure competency training within most radiology residency programs is lacking, and overall procedural skills are still mainly acquired by the traditional “see one, do one, teach one” methodology. We report the development of a simple standardized procedural training protocol that can easily be adopted by residency programs currently lacking any form of structured procedural training.

Materials and Methods: An ad hoc resident procedural competency committee was created in our radiology residency program. A procedural certification …

An Analysis Of Factors Which Affect Self-Management In Language-Diverse Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Sarah Hayden

DNP Projects

Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly project was twofold: 1) To identify the impact that health literacy, diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, and illness perception have on diabetes self-management behaviors and 2) To assess differences in project variables between English and Spanish-speaking participants. The Individual and Family Self-Management Theory was used as a guiding theoretical framework. Methods: Thirty-three English-speaking and twenty-eight Spanish-speaking adults with Type 2 diabetes (n=61) were recruited from a diabetes private-practice in the Southeastern United States. Patients completed a cross-sectional composite survey composed of demographic information, the Brief Health Literacy Screener, Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24), Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale …

Fear-Avoidance Beliefs In Patients With Acute Low Back Pain, Kayla Heldman

DNP Projects

Low back pain affects over 80% of the population impacting their quality of life and causing both disability and loss of work productivity. Acute low back pain is seen as a “favorable” prognosis yet many patients continue to suffer from chronic low back pain. Psychological barriers such as fear-avoidance beliefs have been shown to be a contributing factor in low back pain rehabilitation and chronicity. This project was designed to evaluate if fear-avoidance was a health determinant that affects how primary care providers create treatment plans and to explore the relationship between fear-avoidance beliefs with physical therapy outcomes. Specifically, the …

Lagged Influence Of Fine Particulate Matter And Geographic Disparities On Clinic Visits For Children’S Asthma In Taiwan, Lung-Chang Chien, Yu-An Chen, Hwa-Lung Yu

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Recent studies have revealed the influence of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on increased medication use, hospital admission, and emergency room visits for asthma attack in children, but the lagged influence of PM2.5 on children’s asthma and geographic disparities of children’s asthma have rarely been discussed simultaneously. This study investigated the documented diagnosis of children’s asthma in clinic visits for children aged less than 15 years old that were associated with PM2.5 in two counties located in west-central Taiwan during 2005–2010. The result shows that PM2.5 had a significant lagged effect on children’s asthma for up to 6 days. A significantly …

Quantifying Nitric Oxide Production In Platelets Using A Griess Reagent System, Chelsea Shultis

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that regulates many physiological processes in the human body. Common examples of processes that NO is involved in range from immune responses to the regulation of blood pressure. In intact blood vessels, nitric oxide is constitutively released by vascular endothelial cells in order to prevent platelet adhesion and clot formation. Platelets have also been shown to release small amounts of NO as they aggregate on damaged blood vessels. Platelet-derived NO is hypothesized to play an important role in limiting the extent of clot formation. Although platelets produce nitric oxide during aggregation, it is …

Community Health News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examines Global and Rural Child Public Health

Alzheimer's Disease And The Impact Of Music Therapy: A Systematic Literature Review, Hayley Guess

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

Although a cure for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has yet to be discovered, several non-pharmacological treatments can improve patients’ quality of life and provide temporary relief from the disabling symptoms. One of these treatments is music therapy. This systematic literature review evaluates the existing research on the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and music therapy, with a narrowed focus on familiar music therapy, the potential mechanisms of action that explain the efficacy of this intervention, and the resulting nursing implications that may be utilized in practice. A search of the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) database returned …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - April 22, 2018, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the April 22, 2018 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• USA Welcomes Basic Medical Sciences Graduate Advisor
• Marquietta Lawson receives DAISY Award for Extraordinary Nurses
• Students and Faculty to be Honored at Annual Honors Convocation
• May Med School Café - 'Concussion Awareness Program: Putting a CAP on Concussions'
• USA Student Health Center Receives AAAHC Reaccreditation

Function-Based Comparison Of Bracing And Taping On Lateral Ankle Sprains, Payton Lindsey

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2018

Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries associated with athletes. Based on the current evidence, external support has been found to be one of the most effective preventative measures for ankle injuries alongside neuromuscular training.Focused Clinical Question: The purpose of this review was to find the difference in effects between taping and bracing for the treatment of lateral ankle sprains when focusing of functionality using the Karlsson score or its components. Search Strategy:Participants were included if they were between the ages of 16 and 65, and reported with a history of an isolated lateral ankle sprain within …

Surgical Methods For Distal Radius Fractures, Heather Pierce

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2018

No abstract provided.

Partnering For Success! Occupational Therapy, Industrial Design, & Medicine: Creating Innovative Solutions, Brenna Jacko, Ots, Megan Vesey, Ots, Nuriya Neumann, Ots, Mikael Avery, Ms, Otr/L, M. Arch, Kim Mollo, Otd, Otr/L

Department of Occupational Therapy Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Ethical Dilemma Of Alzheimer's Disease And Informed Consent, Daenia La Rodé

Augustana Center for the Study of Ethics Essay Contest

No abstract provided.

Science, Mental Illness, And Ethics In Friedrich Dürrenmatt’S The Physicists, Niyant Vora

John Wesley Powell Student Research Conference

In 1962, as Cold War tensions approached their peak, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, a Swiss playwright, published his play The Physicists. Two of the most important topics in The Physicists are mental illness and ethical responsibility of scientists. Dürrenmatt’s three main characters: Möbius (a genius), Einstein (a Russian spy), and Newton (an American spy) are all physicists who appropriate the status of mentally ill in order to hide from society inside the Les Cerisiers Sanatorium. Their status as mentally ill acts as a cover up that reveals their different reasons for adapting that status–from Möbius attempt to escape the politics of …

Ot In Pediatric Primary Care, Anne H. Zachry, J. Flick

Faculty Presentations

This session described a program where licensed occupational therapists and master’s level OT students provide free developmental screenings to infants and young children in local pediatric medical practice. Strategies for strategies for developing relationships and bridging communication between occupational therapists, primary practice physicians, and families were reviewed.

West-Nile Virus Replicon Particles Infect 293t Cells Expressing Dc-Signr, Osvaldo Martinez, Emin Budimlic, John Keilty, Hannah Kunkel, Wells Pollock, Madilyn R. Schmitz, Nicole Crowson, Nathan L. Leonard, Amanda Madigan, Victoria R. Schwarzinger, Alyssa J. Meyer, Mary Soderlund, Jean K. Lim, Icann School Of Medicine, New York

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2018

West-Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus usually transmitted to humans via a mosquito vector. Infections commonly result in febrile symptoms while rare severe neuroinvasive cases may result in encephalitis or meningitis. Studies have shown that WNV infection efficiency is enhanced by expression of DC-SIGNR on target cells, which normally do not express DC-SIGNR. To investigate WNV tropism, we established 293T kidney epithelial cell lines that stably express vector, DC-SIGNR and mutants of DC-SIGNR that lack the entire carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) or lack the C-terminal half of the CRD. We demonstrate successful surface expression of DC-SIGNR and its mutants from stablytransfected …

Plantar Fasciitis: Platelet Rich Plasma Vs. Corticosteroid Injection, Hailey Ebacher

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2018

No abstract provided.

Drug Abuse Manifesting As Persistent Hypoglycemia: A Case Report Of Hidden Sulfonylurea Poisoning, Frederick B. Peng, Sharon Li, Md

Department of Medicine Posters

Background

• Prescription drug abuse is on the rise. According to the Philadelphia Department of Health data in 2017, up to 26% of adults may be using benzodiazepines and/or opioids (Table 1).
• 12% or 1/8 Philadelphians are estimated to be current benzodiazepine users and have taken one in the last 7 days. Benzodiazepine use is most common among people with household incomes below $25,000 and among the 45-54 years old age group (17.7%) [1].
• Most current users (84%) obtain benzodiazepines from health care providers [1]. However, with new policies to closely monitor controlled substances, those with dependence on benzodiazepines may turn …

Abdominal Wall Reconstruction After Extirpation Of A 140 Pound Primary Ovarian Mucinous Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report., Mamtha Raj Md, Sean J. Wallace Md, Nathan F. Miller Md, Randolph Wojcik Md

Department of Surgery

No abstract provided.

Are Large Clinical Trials In Orthopaedic Trauma Justified?, Sheila Sprague, Paul Tornetta, Gerard P. Slobogean, Nathan N. O'Hara, Paula Mckay, Brad Petrisor, Kyle J. Jeray, Emil H. Schemitsch, David Sanders, Mohit Bhandari, Gordon H. Guyatt, Stephen Walter, Jeff Anglen, Michael Bosse, Susan Liew, Parag Sancheti, Kerry Tai, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Lisa Buckingham, Aravin Duraikannan, Stephanie L. Tanner, Rebecca G. Snider, Douglas Altman, Rajiv Gandhi, Markus Bischoff, Gregory J. Della Rocca, Bill Ristevski, Krishan Rajaratnam, Dale Williams, Matthew Denkers, Drew Bednar, John Sadler, Desmond Kwok

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2018 The Author(s). Background: The objective of this analysis is to evaluate the necessity of large clinical trials using FLOW trial data. Methods: The FLOW pilot study and definitive trial were factorial trials evaluating the effect of different irrigation solutions and pressures on re-operation. To explore treatment effects over time, we analyzed data from the pilot and definitive trial in increments of 250 patients until the final sample size of 2447 patients was reached. At each increment we calculated the relative risk (RR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) for the treatment effect, and compared the results that would …

Research Of White Sucker Cell Lines And Associated Viruses, Mohamed Mohamed, Casey M. Finnerty

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2018

Catostomus commersonii, also known as the White Sucker, is a vital part of most aquatic ecosystems in the U.S. Specifically looking at the Upper Midwest, these fish are widely distributed around the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin. The importance of these organisms is due to their species reputation, they are indicator species that are very useful in informing whether the environment around them is healthy or if contamination has occurred. To better understand the organism, we needed to start at the molecular level. Understanding the nature of White Sucker cells through cell cultures. To get the individual fins of the …

Optimal Treatment For Decreasing Re-Dislocation Rate Following Primary Patellar Dislocation, Jesse Moline

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2018

No abstract provided.

Electromyographic And Joint Kinematic Patterns In Runner's Dystonia., Omar F Ahmad, Pritha Ghosh, Christopher Stanley, Barbara Karp, Mark Hallett, Codrin Lungu, Katharine Alter

Neurology Faculty Publications

Runner’s dystonia (RD) is a task-specific focal dystonia of the lower limbs that occurs when running. In this retrospective case series, we present surface electromyography (EMG) and joint kinematic data from thirteen patients with RD who underwent instrumented gait analysis (IGA) at the Functional and Biomechanics Laboratory at the National Institutes of Health. Four cases of RD are described in greater detail to demonstrate the potential utility of EMG with kinematic studies to identify dystonic muscle groups in RD. In these cases, the methodology for muscle selection for botulinum toxin therapy and the therapeutic response is discussed. Lateral heel whip, …