Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Personal Oral Infection Control, Low Birthweight, And Preterm Births In Appalachia West Virginia: A Cross-Sectional Study, R Constance Wiener, Christopher Waters

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Appalachia West Virginia has a higher prevalence of preterm and low birthweight babies than the US national prevalence. Many factors have been studied which are known to influence preterm births and low birthweight babies. There are limited interventions that are available to decrease the likelihood of preterm and low birthweight babies; however oral health and personal oral infection control may be helpful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of limited personal oral infection control among pregnant West Virginia Appalachian women and poor birth outcomes (preterm and low birthweight babies). Methods. A secondary data analysis of data …

Better Bone Health: Health Community Clinic, Naijah Hughes, Dakota Turnage, Kintara Williams, Christopher Fangna

DC Health and Academic Prep Program (DC HAPP)

Osteoporosis affects the quality of life, the ability to work, and basic activities of daily living. Osteoporosis is a disease marked by reduced bone strength leading to an increase in fractures. Every day, our body breaks down old bone and puts new bone in its place. As we get older, our bones break down more bone than they put back. If you do not take the steps to keep your bones healthy, you may lose too much bone and osteoporosis may develop. Men and women are both affected by osteoporosis. In the United States, an estimated 5.3 million people aged …

Teen Pregnancy Prevention: Nine Minutes To Avoid Nine Months, Natalie Custodio, Ronaldo Gomez, Katherine Mejicanos-Portillo, Jalen Templeman

DC Health and Academic Prep Program (DC HAPP)

The United States is one of the most developed nations with one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy. Although there has been a reduction in teen pregnancy nationally, areas in DC such as Wards 5, 7 and 8 still have teen birth rates above the national rate. The objective for our project is to provide a targeted-intervention to decrease teen pregnancy rates by increasing awareness of safe sex practices, contraceptive methods and STIs/HIV. Our program will provide a 9-minute session on sexual health at chosen schools and youth organizations in Wards 5, 7 and 8 to target 11 to …

Project Anacostia, Lapoldeon Williams, Abenezer Lemma, Janae Thomas, Kafoued Ouedraogo

DC Health and Academic Prep Program (DC HAPP)

Objectives Project Anacostia aims to [1] help meet the Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing the disease burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) and improving the quality of life for all persons who have, or are at risk for, DM as outlined by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [2] To increase community awareness of the social determinants of health related to obesity and diabetes. [3] Increase access to recreational facilities and healthy food options in Wards 7 &8 and [4] promote healthy lifestyle choices among youth in the Anacostia community.

Methods Our intervention is comprised of three progressive …

Review Of A Medical Pre-Clinical Curriculum For Competencies In Caring For Patients Who Are Lgbt, Gender Nonconforming, Or Born With Dsd, Nina Abon, Mandi L. Pratt-Chapman

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

This review aimed to assess whether the George Washington University medical, pre-clinical curriculum met any of the Association of American Medical College’s (AAMC) 30 professional competencies to improve health care for people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT), gender nonconforming, or born with disorders of sex development (DSD).

Methods:

Relevant sessions were reviewed based on instructors’ PowerPoint slides, audio recording of sessions (when available), assigned pre-session material, and notes taken by a student. Content and objectives from each session were mapped to corresponding AAMC competencies, and each competency was qualitatively graded as completely met, partially met, or unmet.

Results: …

Himmelfarb Library Annual Report 2018, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Library Annual Report

No abstract provided.

An Analysis Of Music Therapy On Improving Social And Communication Skills In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Steven Koehler

Theses and Graduate Projects

Autism, a diagnosis that has skyrocketed and is worrisome to parents, teachers, clinicians and researchers. Over the past four decades, the rate of children suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder has grown 10 times and is the fastest growing disability in the US.1,2 Currently, 1 in 68 births are affected by Autism.1 Due to the high prevalence of this disability, researchers are searching for ways to treat the symptoms of this incurable disorder. Music therapy is gaining popularity as an intervention strategy for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).3 This paper will analyze the benefits music therapy has on the improvement …

Promoting Utilization Of The Allen Cognitive Level Screen 5 {Acls-5) Assessment Tool With Long Term Care Clients With Dementia To Promote Quality Of Care, Michelle S. Verni

MOT Student Capstones

The purpose of this capstone project was to examine any changes, after participating in an educational training, in occupational therapists' (OTs') clinical knowledge of the Allen Cognitive Level Screen 5 (ACLS-5) assessment tool related dementia levels and the OTs' perceived professional value and intention to use for promoting quality of care with long-term dementia clients. A one-day educational/training in-service with self-reported questionnaires was held. The questionnaires were used to measure the effectiveness of the educational/training in-service through any changes in clinical knowledge that would assist in increasing the intent to use the ACLS-5 in their settings to promote quality of …

Transition In Occupations Of Refugees During Resettlement, Jennifer H. Daine, Adam A. Chan, Jacqueline-Elizabeth Cantrell, Kimberley Keagan Banuelos

Student Research Posters

Purpose: In 2016, there were 22.5 million refugees worldwide (UNHCR, 2017). California resettled just over 5,000 of those 85,000 (Igielnik & Krogstad, 2017). Limited research has been conducted in the United States (U.S.) focusing on the refugee experience; furthermore, there is a significant gap in research regarding the impact of the refugee experience on the occupations of refugees as they transition to living in the U.S. Smith (2012) explored the adaptation of cultural weaving among Karen refugees to maintain their previous occupations and the impact of daily weaving on their lives within Western culture; however, the study focused only on …

Autism And Occupation: Video Modeling For Maker Activities, Hannah Gibeson, Kelly Yerby, Molly Smith, Brittany Yung

Student Research Posters

Understanding the lived experiences of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using video modeling (VM) while engaging in Maker activities is an essential part of occupational therapy research. Participants in this study were four individuals with ASD recruited from a project-based studio located in San Rafael, CA, and one staff member. The qualitative portion of this study analyzed the lived experiences and perspectives of the individuals with ASD and their service provider through qualitative semi-structured interview methods. The quantitative portion of this study analyzed the effectiveness of VM for Maker activities during the activity of making a box using a …

Baystate Medical Center Nursing Report - 2018, Christine Klucznik Rn

Baystate Medical Center Nursing Report

No abstract provided.

National Children's Dental Health Month Activity Book (2018), American Dental Association Foundation

National Children's Dental Health Month

No abstract provided.

Libro De Actividades Por El Mes Nacional De La Salud Dental Infantil [Spanish Language Version: National Children's Dental Health Month Activity Book] (2018), American Dental Association Foundation

National Children's Dental Health Month

No abstract provided.

Widening The Disparity Gap: Differences In Outcomes For Racial And Ethnic Groups In Youth Substance Abuse Prevention Programming, Changsoo Song, Jennifer N. Rutt, Mindy Anderson-Knott

UNL Office of Research and Innovation, Social/Behavioral Sciences Research Consortium

This study examined racial and ethnic differences in the outcomes of a universal evidence-based program targeted to children and adolescents. Using data collected in 2015 and 2016 from the Alcohol: True Stories Hosted by Matt Damon program (N = 925), the study found the outcome of perceptions on risk of harm from alcohol use significantly different between the group of White respondents and the group of non-White respondents, and between the group of Hispanic respondents and the group of non-Hispanic respondents. Program effectiveness was found only among White and non-Hispanic respondents, widening the already existing gap between these populations.

Epha2/Ephrin-A1 Mediate Corneal Epithelial Cell Compartmentalization Via Adam10 Regulation Of Egfr Signaling., Nihal Kaplan, Rosa Ventrella, Han Peng, Sonali Pal-Ghosh, Constadina Arvanitis, Joshua Z Rappoport, Brian J Mitchell, Mary Ann Stepp, Robert M Lavker, Spiro Getsios

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

Purpose: Progenitor cells of the limbal epithelium reside in a discrete area peripheral to the more differentiated corneal epithelium and maintain tissue homeostasis. What regulates the limbal-corneal epithelial boundary is a major unanswered question. Ephrin-A1 ligand is enriched in the limbal epithelium, whereas EphA2 receptor is concentrated in the corneal epithelium. This reciprocal pattern led us to assess the role of ephrin-A1 and EphA2 in limbal-corneal epithelial boundary organization.

Methods: EphA2-expressing corneal epithelial cells engineered to express ephrin-A1 were used to study boundary formation in vitro in a manner that mimicked the relative abundance of these juxtamembrane signaling proteins in …

Discovery Assessment And Improvement At An Academic Health Sciences Library: Health Information @ Himmelfarb Five Years Later, Jolinda Thompson, Elaine Sullo, Laura E. Abate, Meaghan Heselden, Kathleen Lyons

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Publications

Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library was an early health sciences library adopter of web scale discovery with introduction of a customized instance of EBSCO’s Discovery Service (EDS) in 2012. After three years with EDS, the library initiated an evaluation project involving two user surveys and a library staff focus group to assess user satisfaction with the service. Resulting changes included introduction of widgets to improve access to clinical content, addition of radio buttons to the search box to make defaults easier to enable and disable, and a custom course reserves search feature. The improvements launched fall semester 2016.

A Checklist For Clinical Trials In Rare Disease: Obstacles And Anticipatory Actions-Lessons Learned From The For-Dmd Trial, R Crow, K Hart, M Mcdermott, R Tawil, W Martens, Mathula Thangarajh, +Several Additional Authors

Neurology Faculty Publications

Background: Trials in rare diseases have many challenges, among which are the need to set up multiple sites in different countries to achieve recruitment targets and the divergent landscape of clinical trial regulations in those countries. Over the past years, there have been initiatives to facilitate the process of international study set-up, but the fruits of these deliberations require time to be operationally in place. FOR-DMD (Finding the Optimum Steroid Regimen for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy) is an academic-led clinical trial which aims to find the optimum steroid regimen for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) …

Effects Of Clinical Pathway Implementation On Antibiotic Prescriptions For Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia., Daniele Donà, Silvia Zingarella, Andrea Gastaldi, Rebecca Lundin, Giorgio Perilongo, Anna Chiara Frigo, Rana F Hamdy, Theoklis Zaoutis, Liviana Da Dalt, Carlo Giaquinto

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Italian pediatric antimicrobial prescription rates are among the highest in Europe. As a first step in an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, we implemented a Clinical Pathway (CP) for Community Acquired Pneumonia with the aim of decreasing overall prescription of antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CP was implemented on 10/01/2015. We collected antibiotic prescribing and outcomes data from children aged 3 months-15 years diagnosed with CAP from 10/15/2014 to 04/15/2015 (pre-intervention period) and from 10/15/2015 to 04/15/2016 (post-intervention period). We assessed antibiotic prescription differences pre- and post-CP, including rates, breadth of spectrum, and duration of therapy. We also compared …

Pre- And Post-Diagnosis Physical Activity, Television Viewing, And Mortality Among Hematologic Cancer Survivors., Daniela Schmid, Gundula Behrens, Hannah Arem, Christina Hart, Wolfgang Herr, Carmen Jochem, Charles E Matthews, Michael F Leitzmann

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: The associations of physical activity and television (TV) viewing with mortality risk among individuals with hematologic malignancies remain unclear.

METHODS: We examined the relations of physical activity and TV viewing time before and after diagnosis with mortality among 5182 U.S. adults aged 50-71 years from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort who survived a first primary hematologic cancer between 1995-1996 and 2011.

RESULTS: For the pre- and post-diagnosis analyses, we confirmed 2606 and 613 deaths respectively. In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models, comparing high (≥4 hrs/wk) versus low (/wk) activity levels, pre-diagnosis physical activity was associated with …

Impact Of Chronic Sexual Abuse And Depression On Inflammation And Wound Healing In The Female Reproductive Tract Of Hiv-Uninfected And Hiv-Infected Women., Mimi Ghosh, Jason Daniels, Maria Pyra, Monika Juzumaite, Mariel Jais, Kerry Murphy, Tonya N Taylor, Seble Kassaye, Lorie Benning, Mardge Cohen, Kathleen Weber

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Sexual violence is associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition/transmission in women. Forced sex can result in physical trauma to the reproductive tract as well as severe psychological distress. However, immuno-biological mechanisms linking sexual violence and HIV susceptibility are incompletely understood. Using the Women's Interagency HIV Study repository, a total of 77 women were selected to form 4 groups, stratified by HIV serostatus, in the following categories: 1) no sexual abuse history and low depressive symptom score (below clinically significant cut-off, scores

Characterizing Performance Improvement In Primary Care Systems In Mesoamerica: A Realist Evaluation Protocol [Version 1; Referees: 1 Approved], Wolfgang Munar

Global Health Faculty Publications

Background. Improving performance of primary care systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may be a necessary condition for achievement of universal health coverage in the age of Sustainable Development Goals. The Salud Mesoamerica Initiative (SMI), a large-scale, multi-country program that uses supply-side financial incentives directed at the central-level of governments, and continuous, external evaluation of public, health sector performance to induce improvements in primary care performance in eight LMICs. This study protocol seeks to explain whether and how these interventions generate program effects in El Salvador and Honduras.

Methods. This study presents the protocol for a study …

Protocol For A Feasibility Study Of Group-Based Focused Psychosocial Support To Improve The Psychosocial Well-Being And Functioning Of Adults Affected By Humanitarian Crises In Nepal: Group Problem Management Plus (Pm+), M Sangrawla, E Van Hof, N Luitel, E Turner, K Marahatta, Brandon A. Kohrt

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

The prevalence of common mental disorders increases in humanitarian emergencies while access to services to address them decreases. Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a brief five-session trans-diagnostic psychological WHO intervention employing empirically supported strategies that can be delivered by non-specialist lay-providers under specialist supervision to adults impaired by distress. Two recent randomized controlled trials in Pakistan and Kenya demonstrated the efficacy of individuallydelivered PM+. To make PM+ more scalable and acceptable in different contexts, it is important to develop a group version as well, with 6–8 participants in session. A study is needed to demonstrate the feasibility and …

Spotlight On Once-Monthly Long-Acting Injectable Aripiprazole And Its Potential As Maintenance Treatment For Bipolar I Disorder In Adult Patients., Vanessa Torres-Llenza, Pooja Lakshmin, Daniel Z Lieberman

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

The lack of long-term medication adherence is a challenge in the treatment of bipolar disorder, particularly during the maintenance phase when symptoms are less prominent. The rate of nonadherence is ~20%-60% depending on how strict a definition is used. Nonadherence worsens the course of bipolar disorder and can add hundreds of thousands of dollars to the lifetime cost of treating the illness. Long-acting injectable (LAI) medication is an attractive alternative to daily dosing of oral medication, especially among patients who are ambivalent about treatment. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence for the safety and efficacy of …

Review Of Risk Assessment Tools To Predict Morbidity And Mortality In Elderly Surgical Patients Brief Title: Review Of Surgical Risk Assessment Tools, Gilgamesh Eamer, Mohamed Al-Amoodi, Jayna Holroyd-Leduc, Darryl Rolfson, Lindsey Warkentin, Rachel Khadaroo

School of Medicine and Health Sciences Student Works

Background

Informed surgical consent requires accurate estimation of risks and benefits. Multiple risk assessment tools are available; however, most are not widely used or are specific to certain interventions. Assessing surgical risk is especially challenging in elderly patients because of their range of comorbidities, level of frailty, or severity of illness and a number of available surgical interventions.

Data sources

We searched MEDLINE from January 2014 to July 2017 for studies that used risk assessment tools in studies on elderly surgical patients. We then sought the original articles describing each assessment tool and subsequent validation studies.

Conclusions

We identified risk …

Behavioral Transformation Through Inner Conflict Resolution: A New Nursing Theory, Thomas A. Sharon

Health Center (TUN) Publications and Research

The discipline of Hassidic Philosophy, which emanates from a particular movement in Orthodox Judaism called Hassidism, begins with the premise that all of creation is a dichotomous world of opposites with both sides in a perpetual conflict with one another. The human construct is therefore a dichotomous spiritual entity manifested in the physical world through a mind-body. One side of this soul is the Godly intellect giving rise to the human identity or self-awareness and the other side is the animal soul whose purpose is to galvanize the body. Having learned that this discipline provides its followers with tools for …

Youth Paying For Sex: What Are The Associated Factors? Findings From A Cross-Sectional Study In Cambodia, Soaman Dizechi, Carinne M. Brody, Sovannary Tuot, Chhorvann Chhea, Vonthanak Saphonn, Kunthearith Yung, Siyan Yi

BACKGROUND: At-risk male youth in Cambodia who purchase sex are at greater risk for HIV compared to the general population. Factors associated with paying for sex among youth are poorly studied, both globally and in Cambodia. This study aimed to identify specific factors associated with transactional sex with women among most-at-risk male youth in Cambodia.

METHODS: This cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with 405 sexually active male youth aged 16-24 recruited at 'hotspots' in the capital city of Phnom Penh and seven provinces. We collected data on demographic factors, sexual behaviors, HIV testing and other potential factors. Multivariable logistic regression …

Factors Affecting Disordered Eating Among College Freshmen Upon Entering College, Libby Micaela Moser

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Purpose: There is a gap in literature on disordered eating among college freshmen since 2011. Research has shown that disordered eating manifests itself during adolescence and is likely to transcend into adulthood1,7,8,9,14,15. The freshmen year in college is likely to be challenging for many students. During this time, they may develop disordered eating or perpetuate an existing condition3,4,14,15. This research study investigated the prevalence of disordered eating among college freshmen and factors that may impact this development. A comparison of prior history of disordered eating was also examined.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted on college freshmen at Northern …

Framing And Visual Type: Effect On Future Zika Vaccine Uptake Intent, Jeanine P.D. Guidry, Kellie E. Carlyle, Jessica G. Larose, Paul Perrin, Mark Ryan, Marcus Messner, Jay Adams

Richard T. Robertson School of Communication Publications

Introduction: The Zika virus is associated with the birth defect microcephaly, and while a vaccine was not available in early- 2017, several were under development. This study’s purpose was to identify effective communication strategies to promote uptake of a new vaccine, particularly among women of reproductive age.

Design and methods: In order to study the effects of Zika message framing (gain vs. loss) and visual type (photo vs. infographic) on future Zika vaccine uptake intent, a 2×2 between-subjects experiment was performed via an online survey in 2017 among 339 U.S. women of reproductive age (18-49 years). Participants were …

An Epidemiological Study Of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease In A South Texas-Mexico Border Metropolitan Community, Steven Daniel Hinojosa

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This research study examines the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Hidalgo County, Texas. Invasive pneumococcal disease is a bacterial infection, causing severe types of clinical manifestations, including bacteremia and meningitis. Hidalgo County is the largest metropolitan statistical area along the Texas-Mexico border. Supporting a 2016 census population estimate of nearly 850,000, this community facilitates frequent bi-national travel, providing unique attributes towards disease transmission. This study aims to identify if population characteristics for infection aligned with current Advisory Committee for Immunization Practice recommendations for vaccination against pneumococcal disease. This includes identifying if the general healthy adult healthy population has an …

Premedical Programs Newsletter, January-February 2018, University Of Dayton

Pre-Health Resource Center Campus Communications

Newsletter for students, staff, and faculty in the premedical and predental programs.