Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Association Of Physical Activity During Weekdays And Weekend With Body Composition In Young Adults, Clemens Drenowatz, Nicole Gribben, Michael D. Wirth, Gregory A. Hand, Robin P. Shook, Stephanie Burgess, Steven N. Blair

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Physical activity (PA) is a key contributor in long-term weight management but there remains limited research on the association between weekly PA patterns and weight change. The purpose of the present study was to examine the prospective association between weekly PA patterns and weight change in generally healthy young adults. Anthropometric measurements, including dual X-ray absorptiometry, were obtained every 3 months over a period of one year in 338 adults (53% male). At each measurement time, participants wore a multisensor device for a minimum of 10 days to determine total daily energy expenditure and time spent sleeping, sedentary, in light …

Ultrasound-Guided Greater Auricular Nerve Block As Sole Anesthetic For Ear Surgery, Michael K. Ritchie, Colin A. Wilson, Brian W. Grose, Pavithra Ranganathan, Stephen M. Howell, Matthew B. Ellison

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

A greater auricular nerve (GAN) block was used as the sole anesthetic for facial surgery in an 80-year-old male patient with multiple comorbidities which would have made general anesthesia challenging. The GAN provides sensation to the ear, mastoid process, parotid gland, and angle of the mandible. In addition to anesthesia for operating room surgery, the GAN block can be used for outpatient or emergency department procedures without the need for a separate anesthesia team. Although this nerve block has been performed using landmark-based techniques, the ultrasound-guided version offers several potential advantages. These advantages include increased reliability of the nerve block, …

Community-Based Diabetes Screening And Risk Assessment In Rural West Virginia, Ranjita Misra, Cindy Fitch, David Roberts, Dana Wright

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This project utilized a cross-sectional study design to assess diabetes risk among 540 individuals from 12 counties using trained extension agents and community organizations in West Virginia. Individuals were screened for diabetes using (1) the validated 7-item diabetes risk assessment survey and (2) hemoglobin A1c tests. Demographic and lifestyle behaviors were also collected. The average age, body mass index, and A1c were 51.2 ± 16.4, 31.1 ± 7.5, and 5.8 ± 0.74, respectively. The majority were females, NonHispanic Whites with no prior diagnosis of diabetes. Screenings showed that 61.8% of participants were at high risk for diabetes. Family history of …

In Vitro Expansion Of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alters Dna Double Strand Break Repair Of Etoposide Induced Dna Damage, Ian Hare, Marieta Gencheva, Rebecca Evans, James Fortney, Debbie Piktel, Jeffrey A. Vos, David Howell, Laura F. Gibson

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of interest for use in diverse cellular therapies. Ex vivo expansion of MSCs intended for transplantation must result in generation of cells that maintain fidelity of critical functions. Previous investigations have identified genetic and phenotypic alterations of MSCs with in vitro passage, but little is known regarding how culturing influences the ability of MSCs to repair double strand DNA breaks (DSBs), the most severe of DNA lesions. To investigate the response to DSB stress with passage in vitro, primary human MSCs were exposed to etoposide (VP16) at various passages with subsequent evaluation of cellular damage …

Retrieval Of Individual Participant Data For Exercise Meta-Analyses May Not Be Worth The Time And Effort, George A. Kelley, Kristi S. Kelley

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Purpose. While individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses are considered the gold standard for meta-analysis, the feasibility of obtaining IPD may be problematic. Methods. Using data from a previous meta-analysis of 29 studies on exercise in adults with arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, the percentage of studies in which useable IPD was provided was calculated. Results. Eight of 29 authors (28%, 95% CI = 11% to 44%) provided IPD. Using logistic regression, neither year of publication (odds ratio = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.27, �� = 0.58) nor country (odds ratio = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.20 to 10.9, …

Effects Of Xiaoyaosan On Stress-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior In Rats: Involvement Of Crf1 Receptor, You-Ming Jiang, Xiao-Juan Li, Zhen-Zhi Meng, Yue-Yun Liu, Hong-Bo Zhao, Na Li, Zhi-Yi Yan, Qing-Yu Ma, Han-Ting Zhang, Jia-Xu Chen

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background. Compared with antidepressant activity of Xiaoyaosan, the role of Xiaoyaosan in anxiety has been poorly studied. Objective. To observe the effects of Xiaoyaosan on anxiety-like behavior induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS) and further explore whether these effects were related to CRF1R signaling. Methods. Adult male SD rats were randomly assigned to five groups (�� = 12): the nonstressed control group, vehicle-treated (saline, p.o.) group, Xiaoyaosan-treated (3.854 g/kg, p.o.) group, vehicletreated (surgery) group, and antalarmin-treated (surgery) group. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (0.5 ��L/side) or CRF1R antagonist antalarmin (125 ng/0.5 ��L, 0.5 ��L/side) was bilaterally administered into the basolateral amygdala in …

Use Of Pathology Data To Improve High-Value Treatment Of Cervical Neoplasia, Barbara S. Ducatman, Mahreen Hashmi, Morgan Darrow, Melina B. Flanagan, Pamela Courtney, Alan M. Ducatman

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We investigated the influence of pathology data to improve patient outcomes in the treatment of high-grade cervical neoplasia in a joint pathology and gynecology collaboration. Two of us (B.S.D. and M.D.) reviewed all cytology, colposcopy and surgical pathology results, patient history, and pregnancy outcomes from all patients with loop electrosurgical excision procedure specimens for a 33-month period (January 2011-September 2013). We used this to determine compliance to 2006 consensus guidelines for the performance of loop electrosurgical excision procedure and shared this information in 2 interprofessional and interdisciplinary educational interventions with Obstetrics/Gynecology and Pathology faculty at the end of September 2013. …

Sociodemographic Correlates Of Tobacco Consumption In Rural Gujarat, India, Payal Kahar, Ranjita Misra, Thakor G. Patel

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background. The purpose of this study was to examine occupation-, education-, and gender-specific patterns of tobacco use and knowledge of its health effects among 23,953 rural Asian Indians ≥18 years in Gujarat. Methodology. A statewide, community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in 26 districts of Gujarat (December 2010–May 2015), using face-to-face interviews by trained community health workers called SEVAKS. Results. Mean age was 39.8 ± 15.2 years. Eighteen percent of respondents used tobacco in various forms. Tobacco consumption was significantly higher among males (32%), 18–34 years’ age group (35%), those who were self-employed (72%), and those with elementary education (40%). The …

Factors Associated With Emergency Department Visits: A Multistate Analysis Of Adult Fee-For-Service Medicaid Beneficiaries, Parul Agarwal, Thomas K. Bias, Suresh Madhavan, Nethra Sambamoorthi, Stephanie Frisbee, Usha Sambamoorthi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the association of patient- and county-level factors with the emergency department (ED) visits among adult fee-for-service (FFS) Medicaid beneficiaries residing in Maryland, Ohio, and West Virginia. Methods: A cross-sectional design using retrospective observational data was implemented. Patient-level data were obtained from 2010 Medicaid Analytic eXtract files. Information on county-level health-care resources was obtained from the Area Health Resource file and County Health Rankings file. Results: In adjusted analyses, the following patient-level factors were associated with higher number of ED visits: African Americans (incidence rate ratios [IRR] ¼ 1.47), Hispanics (IRR ¼ …

Association Between Metformin Use And Cancer Stage At Diagnosis Among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries With Preexisting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Incident Prostate Cancer, Amit D. Raval, Malcolm D. Mattes, Suresh Madhavan, Xiaoyun Pan, Wenhui Wei, Usha Sambamoorthi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objective. To examine the association between metformin use and cancer stage at diagnosis among elderly men with preexisting diabetes mellitus and incident prostate cancer. Methods. This study used a population-based observational cohort of elderly men (≥66 years) with preexisting diabetes and incident prostate cancer between 2008 and 2009 (�� = 2, 652). Cancer stage at diagnosis (localized versus advanced) was based on the American Joint Cancer Committee classification. Metformin use and other independent variables were measured during the one year before cancer diagnosis. Logistic regressions with inverse probability treatment weights were used to control for the observed selection bias. Results. …

In Vitro Inflammatory Effects Of Hard Metal (Wc–Co) Nanoparticle Exposure, Andrea L. Armstead, Bingyun Li

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Identifying the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) is an important area of research as the number of nanomaterial-based consumer and industrial products continually rises. In addition, the potential inflammatory effects resulting from pulmonary NP exposure are emerging as an important aspect of nanotoxicity. In this study, the toxicity and inflammatory state resulting from tungsten carbide–cobalt (WC–Co) NP exposure in macrophages and a coculture (CC) of lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and macrophages (THP-1) at a 3:1 ratio were examined. It was found that the toxicity of nano-WC–Co was cell dependent; significantly less toxicity was observed in THP-1 cells compared to BEAS-2B cells. …

Biomechanicalconstraints Underlying Motor Primitives Derived From The Musculoskeletal Anatomy Of The Human Arm, Valeriya Gritsenko, Russell L. Hardesty, Mathew T. Boots, Sergiy Yakovenko

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Neural control of movement can only be realized though the interaction between the mechanical properties of the limb and the environment. Thus, a fundamental question is whether anatomy has evolved to simplify neural control by shaping these interactions in a beneficial way. This inductive data-driven study analyzed the patterns of muscle actions across multiple joints using the musculoskeletal model of the human upper limb. This model was used to calculate muscle lengths across the full range of motion of the arm and examined the correlations between these values between all pairs of muscles. Musculoskeletal coupling was quantified using hierarchical clustering …

Perceived Discrimination And Health Outcomes Among Asian Indians In The United States, Ranjita Misra, Haslyn Hunte

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Perceived interpersonal discrimination while seeking healthcare services is associated with poor physical and mental health. Yet, there is a paucity of research among Asian Americans or its subgroups. This study examined the correlates of reported interpersonal discrimination when seeking health care among a large sample of Asian Indians, the 3rd largest Asian American subgroup in the US, and identify predictors of adverse self-rated physical health, a well-accepted measure of overall health status.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey. Participants comprised of 1824 Asian Indian adults in six states with higher concentration of Asian Indians.

Results: Mean age and years lived in the …

Candida Meningitis In An Immunocompetent Patient Detected Through (1!3)-Beta-D-Glucan, Mark K. Farrugia, Evan P. Fogha, Abdul R. Miah, Joel Yednock, H. Carl Palmer

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

A 44-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Her past medical history was significant for long-standing intravenous drug abuse. Shortly after admission, the patient became hypertensive and febrile, with fever as high as 38.8 8C. The lumbar puncture profile supported an infectious process; however multiple cultures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not initially show growth of organisms. Finally after 9 days of incubation, a CSF culture showed evidence of a few colonies of Candida albicans. To confirm the diagnosis, preserved CSF from that sample was tested for (1!3)-b-D-glucan, showing levels >500 pg/ml. …

Longer Lifespan In Male Mice Treated With A Weakly Estrogenic Agonist, An Antioxidant, An Α‐Glucosidase Inhibitor Or A Nrf2‐Inducer, Randy Strong, Richard A. Miller, Adam Antebi, Clinton M. Astle, Molly Bogue, Martin S. Denzel, Elizabeth Fernandez, Kevin Flurkey, Karyn L. Hamilton, Dudley W. Lamming, Martin A. Javors, Joao Pedro De Magalhaes, Paul Anthony Martinez, Joe M. Mccord, Benjamin F. Miller, Michael Muller, James F. Nelson, Juliet Ndukum, G. Ed. Rainger, Arlan Richardson, David M. Sabatini, Adam B. Salmon, James W. Simpkins, Wilma T. Steegenga, Nancy L. Nadon, David E. Harrison

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The National Institute on Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP) evaluates agents hypothesized to increase healthy lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice. Each compound is tested in parallel at three sites, and all results are published. We report the effects of lifelong treatment of mice with four agents not previously tested: Protandim, fish oil, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and metformin – the latter with and without rapamycin, and two drugs previously examined: 17-a-estradiol and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), at doses greater and less than used previously. 17-a-estradiol at a threefold higher dose robustly extended both median and maximal lifespan, but still only in males. …

Altering Bioelectricity On Inhibition Of Human Breast Cancer Cells, Seher Berzingi, Mackenzie Newman, Han-Gang Yu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Membrane depolarization is associated with breast cancer. Depolarization-activated voltage-gated ion channels are directly implicated in the initiation, proliferation, and metastasis of breast cancer.

Methods: In this study, the role of voltage-gated potassium and calcium ion channel modulation was explored in two different invasive ductal human carcinoma cell lines, MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative) and MCF7 (estrogen-receptor-positive).

Results: Resting membrane potential is more depolarized in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal human mammary epithelial cells. Increasing extracellular potassium concentration up to 50 mM depolarized mem‑ brane potential and greatly increased cell growth. Tetraethylammonium (TEA), a non-specific blocker of voltagegated potassium channels, stimulated …

Effectiveness Of Listen On Loneliness, Neuroimmunological Stress Response, Psychosocial Functioning, Quality Of Life, And Physical Health Measures Of Chronic Illness, Laurie A. Theeke, Jennifer A. Mallow, Julia Moore, Ann Mcburney, Stephanie Rellick, Reyna Vangilder

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objectives: Loneliness is a biopsychosocial determinant of health and contributes to physical and psychological chronic illnesses, functional decline, and mortality in older adults. This paper presents the results of the first randomized trial of LISTEN, which is anew cognitive behavioral intervention for loneliness, on loneliness, neuroimmunological stress response, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and measures of physical health.

Methods: The effectiveness of LISTEN was evaluated in a sample population comprising 27lonely, chronically ill, older adults living in Appalachia. Participants were randomized intoLISTEN or educational attention control groups. Outcome measures included salivary cortisol and DHEA, interleukin-6, interleukin-2, depressive symptoms, loneliness, perceived …

Retroauricular Pleomorphic Adenoma Arising From Heterotopic Salivary Gland Tissue, Luke Grome Bs, Patrick Bacaj Md, Gregory Borah Md, Dmd

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

A 38-year-old woman is described who presented with a slowly growing mass on the posterior aspect of the left ear. Excision and histopathologic evaluation revealed a pleomorphic adenoma (PA) originating from heterotopic salivary gland tissue. Many authors have presented cases of PAs originating from ceruminous glands in the external auditory canal or of so-called chondroid syringoma originating from apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. This is the only case in the recent literature of a PA originating from a heterotopic rest of salivary gland tissue in the retroauricular region. The 3 main sources of PAs, their embryologic derivation, and treatment are …

Sleep: A Human Rights Issue, Clark J. Lee

Homeland Security Publications

Recognition of sleep as a human rights issue by governmental and legal entities (as illustrated by recent legal cases in the United States and India) raises the profile of sleep health as a societal concern. Although this recognition may not lead to immediate public policy changes, it infuses the public discourse about the importance of sleep health with loftier ideals about what it means to be human. Such recognition also elevates the work of sleep researchers and practitioners from serving the altruistic purpose of improving human health at the individual and population levels to serving the higher altruistic purpose of …

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