Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cell-Free And Cell-Based Approaches To Explore The Roles Of Host Membranes And Lipids In The Formation Of Viral Replication Compartment Induced By Tombusviruses, Peter D. Nagy, Judit Pogany, Kai Xu

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Plant positive strand RNA viruses are intracellular infectious agents that take advantage of cellular lipids and membranes to support replication and protect viral RNA from degradation by host antiviral responses. In this review, we discuss how Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) co-opts lipid transfer proteins and modulates lipid metabolism and transport to facilitate the assembly of the membrane-bound viral replicase complexes within intricate replication compartments. Identification and characterization of the proviral roles of specific lipids and proteins involved in lipid metabolism based on results from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) model host and cell-free approaches are discussed. The review also …

Use Of Statin Therapy In Children And Adolescents Diagnosed With Familial Hypercholesterolemia To Prevent Premature Cardiovascular Disease, Ashley Harmon

Nursing Capstones

No abstract provided.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries In National Football League Athletes From 2010 To 2013: A Descriptive Epidemiology Study., Christopher C Dodson, Eric S Secrist, Suneel B Bhat, Daniel P Woods, Peter F Deluca

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: There is a high incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among National Football League (NFL) athletes; however, the incidence of reinjury in this population is unknown.

PURPOSE: This retrospective epidemiological study analyzed all publicly disclosed ACL tears occurring in NFL players between 2010 and 2013 to characterize injury trends and determine the incidence of reinjury.

STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiological study.

METHODS: A comprehensive online search identified any NFL player who had suffered an ACL injury from 2010 to 2013. Position, playing surface, activity, and date were recorded. Each player was researched for any history of previous ACL injury. …

The Effects Of Caffeine On Reaction Time Of Two Neurocognitive Tests, Kyle Petit

Theses and Dissertations

Context: A concussion is defined as a traumatically induced transient disturbance of the brain caused by a biomechanical force. These problematic injuries can prevent athletes from participating in physical activity for a number of days, weeks, or even months. Caffeine is known for improving mental alertness in everyday tasks and is found in many popular drinks such as, coffee, tea, energy shots, and even soda. Due to its increase in memory, mental alertness, and concentration, caffeine could potentially be utilized to improve the outcomes of post-concussion neurocognitive testing. This improvement would allow athletes to return to play before they have …

Simultaneous Transventricular-Orbitocranial Resection Of Large Suprasellar Craniopharyngioma As Inspired By Jackson's Maneuver From 1863., Walter C. Jean, Hasan R Syed, Daniel Felbaum, Joshua E Ryan, Amjad Anaizi

Department of Surgery

Traditional skull base techniques utilizing the microscope have allowed surgeons improved safe access to deep-seated lesions. More recent technical advances with the endoscope have allowed improved visibility and access to these previously difficult-to-reach regions. Most current literature emphasizes one technique over the other. We present a unique hybrid-type approach that tackles this not-infrequent surgical dilemma. This hybrid-type surgery resulted in a new technique that is a confluence of both open microsurgery and skull base corridors with an endoscope. Furthermore, a combined ventriculoscope approach adds extended assistance with resection. We detail the utility of this technique. A patient presented with a …

Your Brain: Unconscious Decision-Making And How It Affects Your Life And Learning, James Stellar

Campus Conversations in Standish

No abstract provided.

Managing Agitation Associated With Schizophrenia And Bipolar Disorder In The Emergency Setting, Scott Zeller, Leslie Citrome

NYMC Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Patient agitation represents a significant challenge in the emergency department (ED), a setting in which medical staff are working under pressure dealing with a diverse range of medical emergencies. The potential for escalation into aggressive behavior, putting patients, staff, and others at risk, makes it imperative to address agitated behavior rapidly and efficiently. Time constraints and limited access to specialist psychiatric support have in the past led to the strategy of "restrain and sedate," which was believed to represent the optimal approach; however, it is increasingly recognized that more patient-centered approaches result in improved outcomes. The objective of this …

Analysis Of Johne's Disease Elisa Status And Associated Performance Parameters In Irish Dairy Cows, A. E. Kennedy, N. Byrne, A. B. Garcia, Jim O'Mahony, R. G. Sayers

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Background

Infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) has been associated with reductions in milk production in dairy cows and sub optimal fertility. The aim of this study was to highlight the production losses associated with testing MAP ELISA positive in Irish dairy cows. Secondary objectives included investigation of risk factors associated with testing MAP ELISA positive. A survey of management practices on study farms was also conducted, with examination of associations between management practices and herd MAP status.

Blood samples were collected from 4188 breeding animals on 22 farms. Samples were ELISA tested using the ID Screen Paratuberculosis Indirect …

Decreasing Obesity And Obesity Stigma: Socio-Demographic Differences In Beliefs About Causes Of And Responsibility For Obesity, Christy F. Brady

Sociology Faculty Publications

Obesity is a stigmatized condition, and research has shown that obesity stigma varies based on the perceived cause of obesity. It is important that public health professionals develop policy and campaigns that resonate with specific populations while avoiding an increase in harmful stigma. This study identifies socio-demographic differences in causal attributions of obesity and beliefs about responsibility for obesity. Using data from a survey of 923 people in the United States conducted by ABC New/Time Magazine, attributions of cause and responsibility are analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares regression. Beliefs about cause and responsibility fall on a continuum from primarily individual …

Rbdb, A Rhomboid Protease Critical For Srebp Activation And Virulence In Aspergillus Fumigatus, Sourabh Dhingra, Caitlin H. Kowlaski, Arsa Thammahong, Sarah R. Beattie, Katherine M. Bultman, Robert A. Cramer

Dartmouth Scholarship

SREBP transcription factors play a critical role in fungal virulence; however, the mechanisms of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) activation in pathogenic fungi remains ill-defined. Screening of the Neurospora crassa whole-genome deletion collection for genes involved in hypoxia responses identified a gene for an uncharacterized rhomboid protease homolog, rbdB, required for growth under hypoxic conditions. Loss of rbdB in Aspergillus fumigatus also inhibited growth under hypoxic conditions. In addition, the A. fumigatus ΔrbdB strain also displayed phenotypes consistent with defective SREBP activity, including increased azole drug susceptibility, reduced siderophore production, and full loss of virulence. Expression of …

Influence And Support For Childhood Cancer Survivor’S Participation In Physical Activity, Ava Coughlin

Research Presentations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore childhood cancer survivor’s social support for physical activity (PA) during and after cancer treatment as well as the type of support they desired.

Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with childhood cancer survivors (n=7). Data were analyzed through the process of immersion/crystallization.

Results: All survivors noted a decrease in PA during treatment. All survivors expressed a desire to return back to “normal” PA levels after treatment. Survivors reported they received general support from parents, physicians, and peers at cancer oncology camps. Most survivors expressed a desire to develop support networks with …

Age And Employee Green Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis, Brenton M. Wiernik, Stephan Dilchert, Deniz S. Ones

Publications and Research

Recent economic and societal developments have led to an increasing emphasis on organizational environmental performance. At the same time, demographic trends are resulting in increasingly aging labor forces in many industrialized nations. Commonly held stereotypes suggest that older workers are less likely to be environmentally responsible than younger workers. To evaluate the degree to which such age differences are present, we meta-analyzed 132 independent correlations and 336 d-values based on 4676 professional workers from 22 samples in 11 countries. Contrary to popular stereotypes, age showed small positive relationships with pro-environmental behaviors, suggesting that older adults engaged in these workplace …

Xenoestrogens From Household Plastics Bind Estrogen Receptors And Affect Cell Proliferation, Susan G. Hurley, Brett R. Lackey, Patricia L. Tate, Sandra L. Gray

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Xenoestrogens are “foreign” chemicals or compounds that interact with estrogen receptors as either agonists or antagonists to interfere with endocrine system function. Xenoestrogens include phytoestrogens, pesticides, industrial by- products and synthetic estrogens. In this study, consumer plasticware, including baby bottles and food storage containers, were found to release xenoestrogenic compounds that bound to ERα and ERβ and affected cell proliferation.

Thromboxane A2 And Tp Receptors: A Trail Of Research, Well Traveled, Perry V. Halushka Phd, Md

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

This article was written is response to a request from the editor-in-chief as a result of my receiving the Governor’s Award in Scientific Awareness. My goal is to provide a glimpse into a 40 plus year research career that was predominately focused on the role of thromboxane A₂ and its receptor (TP) in physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in the cardiovascular system. It also enumerates the lessons learned along the way that may lead to a productive research career. Those lessons were; Perseverance, Think out of the box, Challenge the dogma, Take risks, Failure is not a bad thing, Focus, …

Novel Strategies To Promote Smoking Cessation, Matthew J. Carpenter

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Association Between Vitamin A Status Or Supplementation And Hiv/Aids, Mikaela Kathleen Curtis

Food Science and Nutrition

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected millions of people since the start of the epidemic in the early 1980s. HIV is the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which has taken millions of lives. It is extremely difficult for particular populations to receive medication to treat HIV infection and prevent the progression of HIV to AIDS. Multiple studies have examined the effect of vitamin A on HIV infection, due to its immune stimulating effects. It is unclear whether an association exists between vitamin A and different aspects of HIV. This review examined the effect of vitamin A …

Cord Blood Methylmercury And Fetal Growth Outcomes In Baltimore Newborns: Potential Confounding And Effect Modification By Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Selenium, And Sex, Ellen M Wells, Julie B Herbstman, Yu Hong Lin, Jeffery Jarrett, Carl P Verdon, Cynthia Ward, Kathleen L Caldwell, Joseph R Hibbeln, Frank R Witter, Rolf U Halden, Lynn R. Goldman

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Methylmercury (MeHg) may affect fetal growth; however, prior research often lacked assessment of mercury speciation, confounders, and interactions.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the relationship between MeHg and fetal growth as well as the potential for confounding or interaction of this relationship from speciated mercury, fatty acids, selenium, and sex.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study includes 271 singletons born in Baltimore, Maryland, 2004-2005. Umbilical cord blood was analyzed for speciated mercury, serum omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFAs), and selenium. Multivariable linear regression models controlled for gestational age, birth weight, maternal age, parity, prepregnancy body mass index, smoking, …

Medical Education Digest, Vol. 18 No. 2 (March-April 2016), Nova Southeastern University

Medical Education Digest

No abstract provided.

Thyroid Cancer Metabolism: A Review, Kurren Gill, Ba, Patrick Tassone, Md,, James Hamilton, Md, Nikolaus Hjelm, Md, Adam J. Luginbuhl, Md, David Cognetti, Md, Madalina Tuluc, Md, Ubaldo E. Martinez-Outshoorn, Md, Jennifer Johnson, Md, Joseph Curry, Md

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Posters

Abstract

Metabolic dysregulation within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to the process of tumorigenesis in various cancer types. Thyrocyte metabolism in papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancer, however, remains poorly characterized, and studies analyzing the role of multicompartment metabolism in thyrocyte oncogenesis are sparse. We present a review of the current knowledge on cellular metabolism in non-cancerous and cancerous thyroid tissues, focusing on the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4, and on a transporter of the outer mitochondrial membrane TOMM20. Understanding the metabolic phenotype of tumor cells and associated stromal cells in thyroid cancer can have profound implications on the use …

Practical Pearl: Hand And Wrist Fractures - March 2016, Jacqueline Vanderzanden Md

Pediatrics Practical Pearls: Referral Guidelines for Common Problems

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Primary Care Providers In Patient Activation And Engagement In Self-Management: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Carmen Alvarez, Jessica L. Greene, Judith H. Hibbard, Valerie Overton

Nursing Faculty Publications

Background

The increasing burden of chronic illness highlights the importance of self-care and shifts from hierarchical and patriarchal models to partnerships. Primary care providers (PCPs) play an important role in supporting patients in self-management, enabling activation and supporting chronic care. We explored the extent to which PCPs’ beliefs about the importance of the patients’ role relate to the frequency in which they report engaging in collaborative and partnership-building behaviors with patients.

Methods

PCPs’ beliefs were measured using the Clinician Support for Patient Activation Measure (CS-PAM). We also assessed whether PCPs’ CS-PAM scores were positively associated with changes in their patients’ …

Lipidomic Dataset Of Plasma From Patients Infected With Wild Type And Nef-Deficient Hiv-1 Strain., Peter Meikle, Hann Low, Melissa J Churchill, Michael Bukrinsky, Dmitri Sviridov

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Previous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that HIV protein nef plays a key role in impairing cellular and systemic cholesterol metabolism in HIV disease, but clinical support for these findings is lacking. Here we present the data of comparative lipidomic analysis (330 lipid species) of plasma samples from HIV-negative subjects, patients infected with WT HIV-1 strain and patients infected with nef-deficient strain of HIV-1. We determine which effects of HIV on plasma lipidome are explained by the presence of nef. The data can be used to evaluate cardiovascular risk in HIV disease and to assess the role of …

Physician Quality Reporting System Program Updates And The Impact On Emergency Medicine Practice., Jennifer L Wiler, Michael Granovsky, Stephen V Cantrill, Richard Newell, Arjun K Venkatesh, Jeremiah D Schuur

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

In 2007, the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) created a novel payment program to create incentives for physician's to focus on quality of care measures and report quality performance for the first time. Initially termed "The Physician Voluntary Reporting Program," various Congressional actions, including the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (TRHCA) and Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (MIPPA) further strengthened and ensconced this program, eventually leading to the quality program termed today as the Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS). As a result of passage of the Affordable Care Act of 2010, …

Establishment Of Prostate Cancer Spheres From A Prostate Cancer Cell Line After Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Treatment And Discovery Of Androgen-Dependent Reversible Differentiation Between Sphere And Neuroendocrine Cells, Yamei Chen, Shundong Cang, Liying Han, Christina Liu, Patrick Yang, Zeeshan Solangi, Quanyi Lu, Delong Liu, Jenwei Chiao

NYMC Faculty Publications

Prostate cancer can transform from androgen-responsive to an androgen-independent phenotype. The mechanism responsible for the transformation remains unclear. We studied the effects of an epigenetic modulator, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), on the androgen-responsive LNCaP cells. After treatment with PEITC, floating spheres were formed with characteristics of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSC). These spheres were capable of self-renewal in media with and without androgen. They have been maintained in both types of media as long term cultures. Upon androgen deprivation, the adherent spheres differentiated to neuroendocrine cells (NEC) with decreased proliferation, expression of androgen receptor, and PSA. NEC reverse differentiated to spheres …

Impact Of Spironolactone On Longitudinal Changes In Health-Related Quality Of Life In The Treatment Of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With An Aldosterone Antagonist Trial, Eldrin Lewis, Hae-Young Kim, Brian Claggett, John Spertus, John F Heitner, Susan F Assmann, Christopher T Kenwood, Scott D Solomon, Akshay S Desai, James C Fang, Sonia A Mckinlay, Bertram A Pitt, Marc A Pfeffer

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction patients have equally impaired health-related quality of life (HRQL) compared with those with HF with reduced ejection fraction, but limited studies have evaluated the impact of therapies on changes in HRQL.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients ≥50 years of age, with symptomatic HF and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥45%, were enrolled in Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) and randomized to spironolactone or placebo. Patients completed the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), which was the primary HRQL instrument, and EQ5D visual analog scale at baseline, 4 months, …

Formation Of Macular Inner Nuclear Layer Cysts In Optic Atrophy, K. Jiramongkolchai, M. T. Bhatti, A. D. Proia, S. F. Freedman, M. El-Dairi

Osteopathic Medicine, Jerry M. Wallace School of

No abstract provided.

Himmelfarb Library Liaison Letter - March 2016, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Library Liaison Letters

No abstract provided.

Himmelfarb Headlines - February/March 2016, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Headlines (2009 - present)

News and information about Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library of interest to users. Includes articles on new RefWorks features, GW Research Days, and our new Metadata and Scholarly Publishing Librarian.

Higher Risk For Incident Heart Failure And Cardiovascular Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Octogenarians Without Pneumococcal Vaccination, Momanna Ahmed, Kanan Patel, Gregg C. Fonarow, Charity J. Morgan, Javed Butler, Vera Bittner, Andrzej Kulczycki, Raya Kheirbek, Wilbert S. Aronow, Ross D. Fletcher, Cynthia J. Brown, Ali Ahmed

NYMC Faculty Publications

AIMS: Octogenarians have the highest incidence of heart failure (HF) that is not fully explained by traditional risk factors. We explored whether lack of pneumococcal vaccination is associated with higher risk of incident HF among octogenarians.

METHODS AND RESULTS: In the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), 5290 community-dwelling adults, ≥65 years of age, were free of baseline HF and had data on pneumococcal vaccination. Of these, 851 were octogenarians, of whom, 593 did not receive pneumococcal vaccination. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of lack of pneumococcal vaccination with incident HF and other outcomes during 13 …

The Business Case For Breastfeeding, Harvard Law School Mississippi Delta Project

Delta Directions: Publications

Breastfeeding has the potential to decrease government spending and improve business practices. A 2014 CDC survey of breastfeeding rates nationwide found that Mississippi had the fourth-lowest breastfeeding rate in the country.2 Mississippi ranks lowest in the nation for six month exclusive breastfeeding.