Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Neural Activity Reveals Effects Of Aging On Inhibitory Processes During Word Retrieval, Ranjini Mohan

Open Access Dissertations

Word retrieval difficulties are one of the most frustrating problems in older adults. Poorer access to phonological (speech sound) representation of the target word has been postulated as the underlying deficit, supported by findings of improvement in word retrieval after phonological priming. But the great variability in naming performance among older adults may reflect cognitive scaffolding or compensatory neurophysiological processes related to maintenance or decline of naming abilities. In order better understand aging effects in the underlying neurophysiological changes associated with phonological retrieval, the present study examined electrophysiological correlates of phonological priming and word retrieval in adults across the lifespan. …

A Model To Predict Pre-Hospital Endotracheal Intubation Success, Leigh Ann Diggs

Health Services Research Dissertations

Background: Pre-hospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) is one of the most critical skills performed by paramedics and is considered the “gold standard” of airway management. Pre-hospital ETI success rates are variable, ranging from 33% to 100% across EMS systems in the U.S. Previous investigative efforts have identified factors associated with pre-hospital ETI success, but the generalizability of findings is limited. Few researchers have controlled for the concurrent effects of multiple factors when examining pre-hospital ETI success. Methods: In this retrospective exploratory study, we used national data from the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) and data from a four state …

Re-Inventing Adherence: Toward A Patient-Centered Model Of Care For Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis And Hiv, Max R. O'Donnell, A. Daftary, M. Frick, Y. Hirsch-Moverman, K. R. Amico, M. Senthilingam, A. Wolf, J. Z. Metcalfe, P. Isaakidis, J. L. Davis, J. R. Zelnick, J.C.M. Brust, N. Naidu, M. Garretson, David Bangsberg, N. Padayatchi, G. Friedland

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

BACKGROUND—Despite renewed focus on molecular tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and new antimycobacterial agents, treatment outcomes for patients co-infected with drug-resistant TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain dismal, in part due to lack of focus on medication adherence as part of a patient-centered continuum of care.

OBJECTIVE—To review current barriers to drug-resistant TB-HIV treatment and propose an alternative model to conventional approaches to treatment support.

DISCUSSION—Current national TB control programs rely heavily on directly observed therapy (DOT) as the centerpiece of treatment delivery and adherence support. Medication adherence and care for drug-resistant TB-HIV could be improved by fully implementing team-based patient-centered …

The Scoop, Vol. 3 Issue1 1, April 2016, Health Sciences Library

Volume 3

Latest news and events from the Health Sciences Library in our monthly newsletter for April 2016.

Advancing The Knowledge Of Organic Farming Data In New Mexico: Health And Injury Surveillance Systems, Virginia Sedore

Population Health

While the concept and practice of organic farming has been around since the mid-1800s, there is little data currently being collected on injury, illness, or fatality within the organic farming population, leaving the health risks unknown. This paper intends to look at the surveillance systems currently in place to collect injury and illness data as it relates to organic farmers, and in particular, the New Mexico organic farmer. Evaluations of the current surveillance systems were conducted, and organic farmer demographics were analyzed using rate ratio comparisons of United States(U.S.), Texas, and New Mexico. The results show that the current surveillance …

2016 Spring Newsletter, Morehead State University. Nursing Department.

Nursing Department Publications Archive

2016 Spring Newsletter of the Department of Nursing at Morehead State University.

Three-Year Survey Of Abundance, Prevalence And Genetic Diversity Of Chlorovirus Populations In A Small Urban Lake, Cristian F. Quispe, Olivia Sonderman, Anya Seng, Brenna Rasmussen, Garrett Weber, Claire Mueller, David Dunigan, James L. Van Etten

James Van Etten Publications

Inland water environments cover about 2.5 percent of our planet and harbor huge numbers of known and still unknown microorganisms. In this report, we examined water samples for the abundance, prevalence, and genetic diversity of a group of infectious viruses (chloroviruses) that infect symbiotic chlorella-like green algae. Samples were collected on a weekly basis for a period of 24 to 36 months from a recreational freshwater lake in Lincoln, Nebraska, and assayed for infectious viruses by plaque assay. The numbers of infectious virus particles were both host- and site-dependent. The consistent fluctuations in numbers of viruses suggest their impact as …

Affix Meaning Knowledge In First Through Third Grade Students, Victoria Henbest

Victoria S. Henbest Publications

Purpose: We examined grade-level differences in 1st- through 3rd-grade students' performance on an experimenter-developed affix meaning task (AMT) and determined whether AMT performance explained unique variance in word-level reading and reading comprehension, beyond other known contributors to reading development.

Method: Forty students at each grade level completed an assessment battery that included measures of phonological awareness, receptive vocabulary, word-level reading, reading comprehension, and affix meaning knowledge.

Results: On the AMT, 1st-grade students were significantly less accurate than 2nd- and 3rd-grade students; there was no significant difference in performance between the 2nd- and 3rd-grade students. Regression analyses revealed that the AMT …

Current And Past Menstrual Status Is An Important Determinant Of Femoral Neck Geometry In Exercising Women, Rebecca J. Mallinson, Nancy I. Williams, Jenna C. Gibbs, Karsten Koehler, Heather C.M. Allaway, Emily Southmayd, M. J. De Souza

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Menstrual status, both past and current, has been established as an important determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) in young exercising women. However, little is known regarding the association between the cumulative effect of menstrual status and indices of bone health beyond BMD, such as bone geometry and estimated bone strength.

Purpose: This study explores the association between cumulative menstrual status and indices of bone health assessed using dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), including femoral neck geometry and strength and areal BMD (aBMD), in exercising women.

Methods: 101 exercising women (22.0 ± 0.4 years, BMI 21.0 ± 0.2 kg/m2, 520±40 min/week …

Urgent Care And Emergency Department Visits In The Pediatric Medicaid Population., Amanda Montalbano, Jonathan Rodean, Juhi Kangas, Brian R. Lee, Matt Hall

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: Urgent care (UC) is one of the fastest growing venues of health care delivery. We compared clinical and cost attributes of pediatric UC and emergency department (ED) visits that did not result in admission.

Methods: Our study examined 5 925 568 ED and UC visits of children under 19 years old in the 2010 through 2012 Marketscan Medicaid Multi-State Database. Basic demographics, diagnoses, severity, and payments were compared. Between ED and UC visits, χ(2) tests were used for proportions and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used for continuous variables.

Results: The UC and ED had the same most common diagnoses. …

Quality And Context-Aware Smart Health Care: Evaluating The Cost-Quality Dynamics, Nirmalya Roy, Christine Julien, Archan Misra, Sajal Das

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Many emerging pervasive health-care applications require the determination of a variety of context attributes of an individual's activities and medical parameters and her surrounding environment. Context is a high-level representation of an entity's state, which captures activities, relationships, capabilities, etc. In practice, high-level context measures are often difficult to sense from a single data source and must instead be inferred using multiple sensors embedded in the environment. A key challenge in deploying context-driven health-care applications involves energy-efficient determination or inference of high-level context information from low-level sensor data streams. Because this abstraction has the potential to reduce the quality of …

Humoral Hypercalcemia Of Twin Pregnancy: Not A Laughing Matter, Areeb Zamir Md, Angela Manglitz Do, Gretchen A. Perilli Md

Department of Medicine

Background: Humoral hypercalcemia due to high serum levels of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (PTHrP) is very rare in the setting of benign disease. PTHrP has a significant impact on developmental stages of life and is expressed in a variety of tissues including placental tissue and mammary glands. Therefore, PTHrP has a large role in the homeostasis of calcium between the mother and fetus.

Clinical case: A 25 year old female presented to the emergency department six days post-partum of spontaneous vaginal delivery of twins at 28 and 4/7 weeks. Her chief complaints included bilateral leg pain, weakness, and difficulty ambulating …

Multicollinearity In Regression Analyses Conducted In Epidemiologic Studies, Kristina Vatcheva, Minjae Lee, Joseph B. Mccormick, Mohammad H. Rahbar

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

The adverse impact of ignoring multicollinearity on findings and data interpretation in regression analysis is very well documented in the statistical literature. The failure to identify and report multicollinearity could result in misleading interpretations of the results. A review of epidemiological literature in PubMed from January 2004 to December 2013, illustrated the need for a greater attention to identifying and minimizing the effect of multicollinearity in analysis of data from epidemiologic studies. We used simulated datasets and real life data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort to demonstrate the adverse effects of multicollinearity in the regression analysis and encourage researchers …

Virulence Factors, Clonality, Antibiotic And Disinfectant Resistance Of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated In The Arabian Peninsula, Noora Esmaeel Al Zarooni

Theses

The emergence and rapid spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae is one of the most challenging problems we currently faced. However, locally, no details on the strains causing outbreaks are available. Furthermore, globally, we still do not understand what makes certain clones capable of spreading widely while others are only confined to sporadic cases. Aim: Our aim was to characterize the virulence factors, antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibilities of local clonal and sporadic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and to analyze the data to reveal which particular feature might be responsible for the outbreak potential of clonal isolates. Methods: Escherichia …

Effects Of Aspirin On Metabolic Alterations In Type 2 Diabetic Rats, Layla Ishaq Hussain Rahmatalla Amiri

Theses

Background: Increased oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in diabetes, obesity (diabesity) and cardiovascular diseases. Type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder, characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic islet β-cell failure. The most common complications associated with type 2 diabetes are hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia, increased inflammatory and reduced insulin response. Aspirin (ASA) and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with the prevention of diabetes, obesity and related cardiovascular disorders. Aspirin has been used in many clinical and experimental trials for the prevention of diabetes and associated complications.

Aims and hypothesis: Since inflammation, …

Training Traditional Birth Attendants In Sub-Saharan Africa, Lindsey J. Smith

Senior Honors Theses

Even after many adjustments, recommended practice regarding traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and their contribution to lowering the maternal mortality rate (MMR) continues to be disputed among various stakeholders. Sub-Saharan Africa continues to see high maternal mortality rates, despite various attempts by the World Health Organization (WHO) and others at utilizing the formal health care system (Prata, et al., 2011). Considering all factors and variables behind the reason for this problem in Sub-Saharan African, it is reasonable to conclude that training traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in evidence-based practice, in conjunction with developing longer-term strategies, is an appropriate approach for the short …

Faith Community Nursing: Bridging The Gap Between Effective Healthcare And Biblical Ministry, Moriah Kenna

Senior Honors Theses

The United States’ traditional health care system is unprepared to combat the growing rates of chronic illness in its population. With over 90% of those aged 66 years and older living with a chronic illness, an emphasis on preventative care must be enacted. Faith community nursing is a viable and effective option for long-term preventative management of chronic illnesses in the community. Faith community nursing fits both the mission of the Christian church and the needs of the healthcare community and greater awareness of this must be achieved in both the faith and healthcare sectors to bring about maximum results.

Embryo Adoption As An Ethical Option For Couples Faced With Infertility, Rachel M. Walters

Senior Honors Theses

Embryo adoption takes embryos that are still forming and introduces them into the uterus of a woman with whom they do not share any genetic material. If pregnancy does ensue and continues without complications, the child that will be born will not share any genes with the woman who carried him or her. In addition, if the child is born to parents who already have other children, the children in the adoptive family will share no biological link to the newborn. Essentially, the child will have two families—a biological family and an adoptive family. This thesis will explore and discuss …

“My Logic Is Undeniable”: Replicating The Brain For Ideal Artificial Intelligence, Samuel C. Adams

Senior Honors Theses

Alan Turing asked if machines can think, but intelligence is more than logic and reason. I ask if a machine can feel pain or joy, have visions and dreams, or paint a masterpiece. The human brain sets the bar high, and despite our progress, artificial intelligence has a long way to go. Studying neurology from a software engineer’s perspective reveals numerous uncanny similarities between the functionality of the brain and that of a computer. If the brain is a biological computer, then it is the embodiment of artificial intelligence beyond anything we have yet achieved, and its architecture is advanced …

Strengths And Limitations Of Nutritional Policies In Public Schools In The United States, Brooke Ferenczy

Senior Honors Theses

This thesis reviews the development of nutritional policies that have been created in the United States. As society’s understanding of nutrition has increased and as obesity has become a major problem in the country today, the federal government, state governments, and individual school districts have implemented policies to improve the availability of more nutritious food items in public schools. This thesis then analyzes the strengths and limitations of these policies and the effects they have caused in student populations in order to determine whether they have accomplished their intended goals.

Treatment And Prevention Of Human Rotavirus (Hrv) In Developing Countries: The Potential Of Avian Immunoglobulin Y, Christa Brown

Senior Honors Theses

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a leading cause of childhood mortality, killing ~1400 children younger than five daily, primarily through severe diarrheal dehydration. Eighty-five percent of this mortality occurs in developing countries where rotavirus vaccines are not widely implemented and are only partially effective. In those countries, it has proven difficult to implement the recommended supportive therapies like oral rehydration therapy (ORT) on a wide scale due to lack of both medical infrastructure and private economic investment combined with cultural bias against ORT. IgY targeting human rotavirus (anti-HRV IgY) shows potential as a passive immunotherapy that reduces rotavirus-associated morbidity and mortality, augments …

Experiences Of Registered Nurses Who Were Not Initially Successful On The Nclex-Rn, Then Subsequently Passed, Tammy L. Kasprovich

Dissertations (1934 -)

In the past decade, there has been little research conducted regarding individuals’ stories about not initially being successful on the nursing licensure examination (NCLEX-RN). An unsuccessful licensure examination attempt may affect the individual personally and profoundly in ways that could influence their future success. Learning from registered nurses’ experiences may contribute to developing new strategies to promote graduate nurses’ initial success, which could help alleviate the nursing shortage. The purpose of this research study was to explore, using a narrative method, the experiences of registered nurses who were not initially successful the NCLEX-RN, then subsequently passed. Personal Construct Theory (PCT) …

Volume 08, Meghan Enzinna, Casey Dawn Gailey, Raven Collins, Chiara Enriquez, Amelia Mcconnell, Alexander Morton, Emma Beckett, Leah G. Parr, Briana Adhikusuma, Taylor Embrey, Rowan Davis, Danielle Sisson, Bianca Cherry, Melissa Cacho, Chloe Woodward, Catherine Rollins, Carson Reeher, Landon Cooper, Haley Vasquez, Marlisha Stewart, Eric Whitehead, Sabrina Walker, James Bates

Incite: The Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

Introduction from Interim Dean Dr. Jennifer Apperson

Indigenous Peoples and the Modern Era by Meghan Enzinna

"Who Says": How Selena Gomez and the Scene Attempt to Subvert the Popular Standards of Beauty by Casey Dawn Gailey

Art by Raven Collins

Meltdown on Social Media: Amy's Baking Company Meets Kitchen Nightmares by Nathena Haddrill

Art by Chiara Enriquez

Design by Amelia Mcconnell

Worth More Than a Thousand Words: A Visual Rhetorical Discussion of Virtual Reality by Examining "Clouds Over Sidra" by Alexander Morton

Design by Emma Beckett

The Sonata: An Analysis of Piano Sonata No. 14 in C Minor, K. …

Nicotine-Mediated Adp To Spike Transition: Double Spiking In Septal Neurons, Sodikdjon A. Kodirov, Michael Wehrmeister, Luis V. Colom

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

The majority of neurons in lateral septum (LS) are electrically silent at resting membrane potential. Nicotine transiently excites a subset of neurons and occasionally leads to long lasting bursting activity upon longer applications. We have observed simultaneous changes in frequencies and amplitudes of spontaneous action potentials (AP) in the presence of nicotine. During the prolonged exposure, nicotine increased numbers of spikes within a burst. One of the hallmarks of nicotine effects was the occurrences of double spikes (known also as bursting). Alignment of 51 spontaneous spikes, triggered upon continuous application of nicotine, revealed that the slope of after-depolarizing potential gradually …

Evaluation Of A Diabetes Prevention Program For Rural Citizens, Barbara B. Kawulich, Diana Mindrila, Gina Brandenburg

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Georgia has one of the highest rates of diabetes in the US. Obesity and inactivity contribute to the onset of this disease. Tanner Health System addressed the obesity epidemic in three rural counties of Georgia through a 16-week diabetes prevention program (DPP) for 176 residents. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the DPP.

Methods: The multiple methods design of this project used pre- and post-surveys from January/February, 2014, classes to determine diabetes-related lifestyle factors, 11 mid-point telephone interviews, and focus groups with 17 members to identify lifestyle changes that were implemented. Additionally, initial and final measurements of body mass …

Blunt Abdominal Trauma With Handlebar Injury: A Rare Cause Of Traumatic Amputation Of The Appendix Associated With Acute Appendicitis, Amanda Jensen, Reto Baertschiger, Jodi Hackworth, Fredrick Rescorla

Dartmouth Scholarship

We describe traumatic appendicitis in a 7-year-old boy who presented after sustaining blunt abdominal trauma to his right lower abdomen secondary to bicycle handlebar injury. With diffuse abdominal pain following injury, he was admitted for observation. Computed axial tomography (CT) obtained at an outside hospital demonstrated moderate stranding of the abdomen in the right lower quadrant. The CT was non-contrasted and therefore significant appendiceal distention could not be confirmed. However, there was a calcified structure in the right pelvis with trace amount of free fluid. Patient was observed with conservative management and over the course of 15 h his abdominal …

No Nonsense: The Protection Of Wild-Type Mrnas From Nonsense-Mediated Mrna Decay In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Krista D. Patefield

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Gene regulation in eukaryotes is tightly controlled at multiple levels to ensure proper expression and cellular homeostasis. Misregulation of gene expression is a common source of genetic disease. One mechanism by which cells are able to control gene expression is through the synthesis and degradation of the mRNA molecules encoding the genes. The transcription and degradation of mRNA molecules controls the pool mRNAs that are available to the translational machinery. One of the well-studied mRNA decay pathways is the Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay pathway (NMD). Originally, NMD was discovered as a posttranscriptional mRNA surveillance mechanism responsible for the deadenylation-independent decapping and …

Breast Cancer Risk Perceptions Among Relatives Of Women With Uninformative Negative Brca1/2 Test Results: The Moderating Effect Of The Amount Of Shared Information, Deborah O. Himes Msn, Aprn-Bc, Margaret F. Clayton, Gary W. Donaldson, Lee Ellington, Saundra S. Buys, Anita Y. Kinney

Faculty Publications

The most common result of BRCA1/2 mutation testing when performed in a family without a previously identified mutation is an uninformative negative test result. Women in these families may have an increased risk for breast cancer because of mutations in non-BRCA breast cancer predisposition genes, including moderate- or low-risk genes, or shared environmental factors. Genetic counselors often encourage counselees to share information with family members, however it is unclear how much information counselees share and the impact that shared information may have on accuracy of risk perception in family members. We evaluated 85 sisters and daughters of women who received …

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Achieving The Vision Of Global Health With Justice, Eric A. Friedman, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

We are resolved to free the human race from the tyranny of poverty and want and to heal and secure our planet” (UN General Assembly, 2015, September 25, preamble). So pronounces the 2030 Agenda, the United Nations declaration on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted on September 25, 2015, succeeding the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). If achieved, the SDGs will secure an improved level of health, development, and global justice. However, if the international community fails to live up to its commitments, an untold number of people will likely perish prematurely, people’s opportunities to thrive will be cut off, social …

Paediatric Tuberculosis In Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India: Dots, Diagnosis, And Determinants, Emma Klein

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world’s largest public health challenges, and it has a disproportionate impact on India. In children, TB is a serious but understudied illness due to the complexity of case-notification and relative lack of public health importance. This study took place over the course of one month in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. In a mixed method study consisting of 53 quantitative patient interviews and qualitative interviews with healthcare providers, social determinants of TB in this setting were investigated as well as challenges faced at all stages of healthcare delivery. Malnutrition and housing were the most severe …