Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examines HAIs and the Changing Role of the Healthcare Environment
• Georgia Southern Examines the Legal Landscape of HAI Public Reporting

Community's Perceptions Of Pre-Eclampsia And Eclampsia In Sindh Pakistan: A Qualitative Study, Asif Raza Khowaja, Rahat Najam Qureshi, Sana Sheikh, Shujaat Zaidi, Rehana Salam, Diane Sawchuck, Marianne Vidler, Peter Von Dadelszen, Zulfiqar Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Maternal mortality is of global public health concern and >99% of maternal deaths occur in less developed countries. The common causes of direct maternal death are hemorrhage, sepsis and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. In Pakistan, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia deaths represents one-third of maternal deaths reported at the tertiary care hospital settings. This study explored community perceptions, and traditional management practices about pre-eclampsia/eclampsia.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Sindh Province of Pakistan from February to July 2012. Twenty-six focus groups were conducted, 19 with women of reproductive age/mothers-in-law (N=173); and 7 with husbands/fathers-in-law (N=65). The data were transcribed verbatim in Sindhi and Urdu, …

The Feasibility Of Community Level Interventions For Pre-Eclampsia In South Asia And Sub-Saharan Africa: A Mixed-Methods Design, Asif Raza Khowaja, Rahat Najam Qureshi, Diane Sawchuck, Olufemi T. Oladapo, Olalekan O. Adetoro, Elizabeth A. Orenuga, Mrutyunjaya Bellad, Ashalata Mallapur, Umesh Charantimath, Esperanca Sevene

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Globally, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are major contributors to maternal and perinatal mortality; of which the vast majority of deaths occur in less developed countries. In addition, a disproportionate number of morbidities and mortalities occur due to delayed access to health services. The Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) Trial aims to task-shift to community health workers the identification and emergency management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia to improve access and timely care. Literature revealed paucity of published feasibility assessments prior to initiating large-scale community-based interventions. Arguably, well-conducted feasibility studies can provide valuable information about the potential success of clinical trials …

Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Locoregional Therapy: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings In Falsely Negative Exams., David Becker-Weidman, Jesse M. Civan, Sandeep P. Deshmukh, Christopher G. Roth, Steven K. Herrine, Laurence Parker, Donald G. Mitchell

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty Papers

AIM: To elucidate causes for false negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams by identifying imaging characteristics that predict viable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in lesions previously treated with locoregional therapy when obvious findings of recurrence are absent.

METHODS: This retrospective institutional review board-approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study included patients who underwent liver transplantation at our center between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2012 after being treated for HCC with locoregional therapy. All selected patients had a contrast-enhanced MRI after locoregional therapy within 90 d of transplant that was prospectively interpreted as without evidence of residual or recurrent tumor. Retrospectively, 2 …

The Behavioral Analysis Of Gambling, Benjamin Witts, Anne Macaskill, Mack Costello

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

A behavioral analysis of gambling is unique among the psychologies. A behavioral analysis seeks answers to questions pertaining to the prediction and influence of gambling in terms of the individual gambler, and thus emphasis is placed on well-controlled small-n studies in which findings are generalized to other individuals. Further, the behavioral analysis of gambling is concerned with environmental and historical relations in accounting for current gambling behavior, and less of a reliance is placed on internal and hypothetical causal factors. This symposium explores two data-driven analyses of gambling behavior from a behavioral account of gambling while a third conceptual and …

Responsible Gaming Certification Standards, Dietmar Hoscher

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

The European Casino Association (ECA) is representing the licensed European Casino industry in Brussels. It represents some 900 casinos form 24 European countires which employ around 70.000 staff.

In 2013 the ECA launched a project among its members concerning Responsible Gaming. A Working Group headed by Prof. Hoscher a Board Mamber of Casinos Austria AG was formed. The members where Resposnible Gaming Experts fom the different companies and associations within the ECA network.

The working group established a Responsible Gaming Framework that represents a collection of measures to presevent gambling addictions and identify vulonerable persons. The collection of measures are …

Gambling Education Programs For Adolescents: A Systematic Review, Brittany Keen, Alex Blaszczynski, Fadi Anjoul

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

Around two thirds of Australian adolescents aged 10-14 years old have gambled in the last year, and rates of problem gambling are up to four times higher among adolescents than in the adult population. Schools provide a unique opportunity to intervene in cognitive and behavioural development, and while several gambling education programs exist in schools across Australia and internationally, few have been empirically evaluated. The purpose of this review was to provide a systematic appraisal of the published research on gambling education programs for adolescents. The review aimed to identify the number and quality of studies that have evaluated gambling …

The Economics Of Lotto, Ian Walker, Robert E. Pryce, Rhys Wheeler, Nick Powdathvee

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

No abstract provided.

Narcissism, Sensation Seeking, Depression, Anxiety, And Cognitive Distortions: Comparative Analysis Between Poker And Video Lottery Terminal Players, David Levesque B.A., Serge Sevigny Ph.D., Christian Jacques M.Ps., Isabelle Giroux Ph.D.

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

According to the psycho-structural interaction model, the interaction between structural characteristics of a gambling game and player’s characteristics could foster the development of gambling problems. Those interactions may vary according to the types of game played. This study aims to compare poker and video lottery terminals players (VLTs) on six psychological characteristics (narcissism, sensation seeking, depression, anxiety, cognitive distortions and problem gambling severity) and to examine cognitive distortions as a mediator between personality/mood disturbance and problem gambling severity. The sample consisted of 191 poker players and 81 VLT players. Standard assessments were completed online and by phone within a cross-sectional …

The Cost Of Getting Lost: Measuring The Slot Machine ‘Zone’ With Attentional Dual Tasks, W. Spencer Murch

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

A contemporary stance on regular and problematic electronic gaming machine (EGM) gamblers argues that these individuals use machine gambling as a means of escaping aversive feelings rather than as a means of seeking out excitement. Often called “The Slot Machine Zone,” this hypothesis currently rests on qualitative and anecdotal data suggesting that machine gamblers are somehow lost in the game (Schüll, 2012). Conceptually similar to work on flow and dissociation, the zone hypothesis predicts that problematic EGM play is associated with 1) increased self-reported dissociation / immersion, 2) attenuated peripheral attention, and 3) a positive physiological state as a result. …

Ramadan & Pregnancy, Omar Rizvi

Celebration of Learning

Fasting during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, is one of the five pillars of Islam and is fard (obligatory) for all Muslims physically and mentally capable of doing so. In the Qur’an, it is made abundantly clear that religion and its acts of worship are not meant to pose undue difficulty or hardship (Qur’an 22:78, 5:6, 2:185). My paper explores the Islamic definitions for “unnecessary difficulty” and “physically capable” specifically in regards to pregnant women. At what point does fasting incur significant, if any, damage to the fetus that it should prevent the mother from participating in …

Mrsa Causing Infections In Hospitals In Greater Metropolitan New York: Major Shift In The Dominant Clonal Type Between 1996 And 2014, Maria Pardos De La Gandara, Judith Berger, David Burstein, Phyllis Della-Latta, Guiqing Wang, Alexander Tomasz

NYMC Faculty Publications

A surveillance study in 1996 identified the USA100 clone (ST5/SCCmecII)-also known as the "New York/Japan" clone-as the most prevalent MRSA causing infections in 12 New York City hospitals. Here we update the epidemiology of MRSA in seven of the same hospitals eighteen years later in 2013/14. Most of the current MRSA isolates (78 of 121) belonged to the MRSA clone USA300 (CC8/SCCmecIV) but the USA100 clone-dominant in the 1996 survey-still remained the second most frequent MRSA (25 of the 121 isolates) causing 32% of blood stream infections. The USA300 clone was most common in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) …

Genome-Wide Redistribution Of Mecp2 In Dorsal Root Ganglia After Peripheral Nerve Injury., Melissa T. Manners, Adam Ertel, Yuzhen Tian, Seena K. Ajit

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a protein with affinity for methylated cytosines, is crucial for neuronal development and function. MeCP2 regulates gene expression through activation, repression and chromatin remodeling. Mutations in MeCP2 cause Rett syndrome, and these patients display impaired nociception. We observed an increase in MeCP2 expression in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after peripheral nerve injury. The functional implication of increased MeCP2 is largely unknown. To identify regions of the genome bound by MeCP2 in the DRG and the changes induced by nerve injury, a chromatin immunoprecipitation of MeCP2 followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed 4 weeks after …

The Effects Of Cognitive Training Among Individuals With Neurodegenerative Diseases, Elise Gabriela Valdes

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With the growing older adult population, neurodegenerative diseases common in old age such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Parkinson’s disease (PD) are becoming increasingly germane areas of research. Pharmacological treatments have thus far been unsuccessful in treating cognitive decline associated with these neurodegenerative disorders. Alternative interventions, such as cognitive training programs, have shown promise. The current dissertation contains three papers examining cognitive interventions in neurodegenerative diseases. The first paper examined the longitudinal effects of cognitive speed of processing training (SPT) among those with PD. Results showed that training gains seen at initial post-test were maintained three months later. The …

Notice Of 06/07/2016 Hsc Committee Mtg, Patrice Martin

HSC Committee (A subcommittee of the UNM Board of Regents)

No abstract provided.

3-Year Outcomes In High-Risk Patients Who Underwent Surgical Or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement., G Michael Deeb, Michael J Reardon, Stan Chetcuti, Himanshu J Patel, P Michael Grossman, Steven J Yakubov, Neal S Kleiman, Joseph S Coselli, Thomas G Gleason, Joon Sup Lee, James B Hermiller, John Heiser, William Merhi, George L Zorn, Peter Tadros, Newell Robinson, George Petrossian, G Chad Hughes, J Kevin Harrison, Brijeshwar Maini, Mubashir Mumtaz, John Conte, Jon Resar, Vicken Aharonian, Thomas Pfeffer, Jae K Oh, Hongyan Qiao, David H Adams, Jeffrey J Popma

Heart and Vascular Articles

BACKGROUND: In patients with severe aortic stenosis at increased risk for surgery, self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with improved 2-year survival compared with surgery.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether this clinical benefit was sustained over time.

METHODS: Patients with severe aortic stenosis deemed at increased risk for surgery by a multidisciplinary heart team were randomized 1:1 to TAVR or open surgical valve replacement (SAVR). Three-year clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were obtained in those patients with an attempted procedure.

RESULTS: A total of 797 patients underwent randomization at 45 U.S. centers; 750 patients underwent an attempted …

Minutes Of 06/07/2016 Hsc Committee Mtg, Patrice Martin

HSC Committee (A subcommittee of the UNM Board of Regents)

No abstract provided.

Repurposing Atovaquone: Targeting Mitochondrial Complex Iii And Oxphos To Eradicate Cancer Stem Cells., Marco Fiorillo, Rebecca Lamb, Herbert B Tanowitz, Luciano Mutti, Marija Krstic-Demonacos, Anna Rita Cappello, Ubaldo E. Martinez-Outshoorn, Federica Sotgia, Michael P Lisanti

Kimmel Cancer Center Papers, Presentations, and Grand Rounds

Atovaquone is an FDA-approved anti-malarial drug, which first became clinically available in the year 2000. Currently, its main usage is for the treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and/or toxoplasmosis in immune-compromised patients. Atovaquone is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone analogue of ubiquinone, also known as Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10). It is a well-tolerated drug that does not cause myelo-suppression. Mechanistically, it is thought to act as a potent and selective OXPHOS inhibitor, by targeting the CoQ10-dependence of mitochondrial complex III. Here, we show for the first time that atovaquone also has anti-cancer activity, directed against Cancer Stem-like Cells (CSCs). More specifically, we demonstrate that …

Agenda Of 06/07/2016 Hsc Committee Mtg, Patrice Martin

HSC Committee (A subcommittee of the UNM Board of Regents)

No abstract provided.

Multiorgan Chronic Inflammatory Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Murine Model Deficient In Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors 1 And 2, Helieh S. Oz

Physiology Faculty Publications

AIM: To provoke persistent/chronic multiorgan inflammatory response and to contribute to stones formation followed by fibrosis in hepatobiliary and pancreatic tissues.

METHODS: Tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1/R2) deficient mice reared in-house were given dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC) twice within 10 d by oral gavage delivery. Sham control animals received vehicle treatment and naïve animals remained untreated throughout the study. Animals were monitored daily for symptoms of pain and discomfort. The abdominal and hindpaw hypersensitivity were assessed with von Frey microfilaments. Exploratory behaviors were recorded at the baseline, after initiation of treatment, and before study termination. Histopathological …

Communication-Microelectrode Detection Of Cholesterol Efflux From The Human Buccel Mucosa, Xiaochun Yu, Thomas J. Kelley, Hillel J. Chiel, James D. Burgess

Faculty Scholarship

It has previously demonstrated that cholesterol efflux from the cell plasma membrane is increased in a mouse model of cystic fibrosis (CF) compared to a wild-type control. A noninvasive means of characterizing plasma membrane cholesterol efflux at the surface of airway tissue of CF patients is needed to extend the trends found in animal models of CF to the human disease state. Microelectrode-induced cholesterol efflux from the plasma membrane of cells at the surface of tissue is proposed as a strategy to demonstrate increased cholesterol efflux for CF in human subjects. Data demonstrating detection of cholesterol efflux from the human …

Unconfessing Transgender: Dysphoric Youths And The Medicalization Of Madness In John Gower’S “Tale Of Iphis And Ianthe”, M W. Bychowski

Accessus

On the brink of the twenty-first century, Judith Butler argues in “Undiagnosing Gender” that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) defines the psychiatric condition of “Gender Identity Disorder” (or “Gender Dysphoria”) in ways that control biological diversity and construct “transgender” as a marginalized identity. By turning the study of gender away from vulnerable individuals and towards the broader systems of power, Butler works to liberate bodies from the medical mechanisms managing difference and precluding potentially disruptive innovations in forms of life and embodiment by creating categories of gender and disability.

Turning to the brink of the 15 …

Reflection, Interrupted: Material Mirror Work In The Confessio Amantis, Jenny Boyar

Accessus

The Confessio Amantis concludes with a revelatory scene in which Venus holds up a mirror to Amans, allowing him to recognize John Gower the poet— a moment that is often read as a mimetic and healing counterpoint to the Confessio’s sickness and self-questioning. My intention in this paper is to very slightly modify certain aspects of this narrative, to consider how the materiality of the mirror can inform its metaphoric deployments in the Confessio. I organize my discussion around two seemingly contrasting moments in the poem in which the self is seen and in different ways recognized through …

Low Level Phosphorylation Of Histone H2ax On Serine 139 (Gammah2ax) Is Not Associated With Dna Double-Strand Breaks, Paulina Rybak, Agnieszka Hoang, Lukasz Bujnowicz, Tytus Bernas, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Jerzy Dobrucki

NYMC Faculty Publications

Phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 (γH2AX) is an early step in cellular response to a DNA double-strand break (DSB). γH2AX foci are generally regarded as markers of DSBs. A growing body of evidence demonstrates, however, that while induction of DSBs always brings about phosphorylation of histone H2AX, the reverse is not true - the presence of γH2AX foci should not be considered an unequivocal marker of DNA double-strand breaks. We studied DNA damage induced in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells by topoisomerase type I and II inhibitors (0.2 μM camptothecin, 10 μM etoposide or 0.2 μM mitoxantrone for …

Ada News - 06/06/2016, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Hypertonic Salt Solution For Peri-Operative Fluid Management, Brad Shrum, Brian Church, Eric Mcarthur, Karen Burns, Tammy Znajda, Vivian Mcalister

Data and Test Instruments

BACKGROUND:Fluid excess may place people undergoing surgery at risk for various complications. Hypertonic salt solution (HS) maintains intravascular volume with less intravenous fluid than isotonic salt (IS) solutions, but may increase serum sodium. This review was published in 2010 and updated in 2016.OBJECTIVES:To determine the benefits and harms of HS versus IS solutions administered for fluid resuscitation to people undergoing surgery.SEARCH METHODS:In this updated review we have searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; Issue 4, 2016); MEDLINE (January 1966 to April 2016); EMBASE (January 1980 to April 2016); LILACS (January 1982 to April 2016) and CINAHL (January …

What's Happening: June 6, 2016, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Thomas Jefferson University Department Of Surgery Resident Research Day 2016, Daniel G. Kipnis, Msi

Jefferson Digital Commons News

Fourth year residents in the Department of Surgery held their annual Resident Research Day on June 2nd and this is the 3rd year that the Research Day presentations have been archived in the Jefferson Digital Commons. View the 7 new presentations.

Benefits Of A Surgical Safety Checklist For Otolaryngology Patients, Lindsay A. Goodstein, Md, Nadia K. Mostovych, Md, Michael B. Hall, Md, David Hsu, Md, David Cognetti, Md, Maurits S. Boon, Md

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Posters

Introduction

The volume and complexity of knowledge today has exceeded any single individual's ability to manage it consistently without error despite advances in technology, years of training, and specialization of functions and responsibilities. Checklists have been employed since the 1930s in aviation and high-risk industries to prevent accidents caused by human error. Only recently has their use been introduced to surgery after the World Health Organization (WHO) heightened awareness of the significant number of deaths, about a half million worldwide, that occur each year as a result of avoidable surgical error.¹ With over 275,000 surgical procedures performed daily, an …

The Effects Of Formalized Team Training On Key Patient Outcomes In An Otolaryngology- Head And Neck Surgery Residency, Natalie Vercillo, Md, Adam Vasconcellos, Md, David Cognetti, Md, Maurits Boon, Md

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Posters

BACKGROUND

• Errors in medical care have consistently been linked to communication failures among team members. TeamSTEPPS^® is a team training system which was co-developed by the Department of Defense and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) which provides a full curriculum of ways to improve patient safety through four main skills: communication, mutual support, leadership and situation monitoring¹.
• Training in these skills through TeamSTEPPS^® has been shown to improve patient safety and outcomes by reducing destructive barriers within the healthcare field such as poor communication, conflicts, ambiguous responsibilities of each team member, hierarchical constraints …