Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Water Sanitation And Waste Management In Latin America, Colombia, And Cartagena: A Study Of The Relationship Between Environment, Health, Poverty, And Policy, Andrea K. Sullivan

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The objective of this research is to identify the need for stricter environmental standards and regulations in three areas of study. Organized by their level of analysis, these areas are Latin America (at the System-Level-of Analysis), Colombia (at the State-Level-of-Analysis), and the city of Cartagena (at the Sub-National-Level of Analysis). This research was accomplished in two phases. The first involved conducting an exhaustive literature search of sources, germane to the objective, published in Spanish and English. The second featured a site inspection conducted over a 10-day period during the month of May 2016 to Cartagena, Colombia. The purpose of the …

Prehabilitation (Prehab): Prevention In Motion, Billie Russell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for U.S. adults. It adds greater than $100 billion to U.S. health care costs annually. Rates of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden of the disease could be dramatically reduced with improvements in sedentary behaviors among adults with coronary artery disease (CAD). A regular commitment to moderate physical activity can reduce ischemic heart events up to 50%. Although the benefits of physical activity are well-known for individuals with coronary artery disease, an estimated 70% of this population remains relatively sedentary. Hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation programs are the single secondary prevention option offered to improve …

The Role Of Sod1 Acetylation In Neurodegeneration, Michael Kaliszewski

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurons. Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a cytoplasmic free radical scavenging enzyme, is mutated in familial ALS (fALS) and post-translational modification of the wild-type protein has been associated with sporadic ALS (sALS). Proteomic studies indicate that SOD1 is acetylated at Lys123; however, the role of this modification remains unknown. To investigate its function, we generated antibodies for Lys123-acetylated SOD1 (Ac-K123 SOD1). Sod1 deletion in Sod1-/- mice, K123 mutation, or preabsorption with Ac-K123 peptide suppressed immunoreactivity, confirming antibody specificity. In the normal central nervous system, Ac-K123 SOD1 maps to glutamatergic …

Evaluation Of Echogenicity Within And Between Ultrasonographic Images Of The Vastus Lateralis, Alyssa Varanoske

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the echo intensity (EI) values of different ultrasound (US) images of the vastus lateralis (VL) using panoramic imaging in the transverse plane (PTI) and still imaging in the longitudinal plane (SLI). Secondary purposes of this study were to examine VL homogeneity and to determine relationships between subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SubQ) adjacent to the muscle and EI. METHODS: Twenty-four recreationally trained collegiate males (20.2 ± 1.6 years; height: 178.1 ± 6.6 cm; weight: 82.2 ± 13.4 kg) participated in this investigation. EI, cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle thickness (MT), and SubQ of …

The Influence Of Perceived Organizational Support, Perceived Coworker Support & Debriefing On Work-Related Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, And Secondary Traumatic Stress In Florida Public Safety Personnel, Anastasia Miller

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between perceived organizational support, perceived coworker support, and debriefing on the one hand, and compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress on the other hand in Florida law enforcement, fire, emergency medical services, and dispatch public safety workers. In order to explore the relationships between these constructs, the research questions examined the relationships of the work environment of Florida public safety by administering surveys gauging perceived organizational support, perceived coworker support, psychological resilience, and debriefing activities that the personnel participate in. The Professional Quality of Life: Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion …

Pre-Antibiotic Therapy Of Syphilis, Charles T. Ambrose

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

The explosive increase in syphilis throughout China and Russia during the past several decades represents a global public health threat for several reasons. 1) Most cases are undertreated and thus collectively offer optimal conditions for the emergence of resistant strains of the syphilis spirochete, Treponema pallidum. No penicillin-resistant strains have been recognized to date, but strains resistant to the second line antibiotic agents are now common. 2) The recent discovery of plasmids in T. pallidumraises the likelihood of plasmid transfer from other bacteria of various resistance genes, especially those directed toward penicillin-type antibiotics, currently the drugs of choice for …

Open Educational Resources Textbook List, Zachariah Claybaugh, Chelsea Stone

Librarian Publications

Discipline specific OER textbook list for departments at SHU, compiled by Zach Claybaugh and Chelsea Stone.

The Impact Of Gamified Mobile Applications For Disease Management: Case Study Pre-Diabetic Adolescents, Obie Mcgowan

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

In 2014, diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the United States [1]. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one third of all adults in the United State are pre-diabetic. Pre-diabetes is a condition in which blood glucose (sugar) is higher than normal, but not yet high enough to be diabetic. Persons who have an increased risk of developing pre-diabetes are: those who are not physically active, have a family history of diabetes, are within a minority group, are overweight/obese, and other factors. From 1999 to 2008, the occurrence of adolescents ages 12 to …

Cns Plasticity In Injury And Disease, Brandon A. Miller, John C. Gensel, Michael S. Beattie

Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Study On Stress And Aromatherapy Intervention Efficacy, Mckinley J. Sangwin

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

Stress is one of the most common psychological conditions college students suffer. Stress is associated with anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, heart disease, disordered eating, irritability, decreased academic performance, and decreased life satisfaction. Intervention is needed. Essential oils are non-invasive and simple to use and were chosen for this study based on their potential ability to reduce stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aromatherapy as a stress reduction tool for college students. This study took place in Aber Hall and involved residents of floors 6 and 7, as assigned by the residence life director. …

Small-Area Variation In Hypertension Prevalence Among Black And White Medicaid Enrollees, Kellee White, John E. Stewart, Ana Lopez-De Fede, Rebecca C. Wilkerson

Publications

Objectives: To examine within-state geographic heterogeneity in hypertension prevalence and evaluate associations between hypertension prevalence and small-area contextual characteristics for Black and White South Carolina Medicaid enrollees in urban vs rural areas.

Design: Ecological.

Setting: South Carolina, United States.

Main outcome measures: Hypertension prevalence.

Methods: Data representing adult South Carolina Medicaid recipients enrolled in fiscal year 2013 (N=409,907) and ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA)-level contextual measures (racial segregation, rurality, poverty, educational attainment, unemployment and primary care physician adequacy) were linked in a spatially referenced database. Optimized Getis-Ord hotspot mapping was used to visualize geographic clustering of hypertension prevalence. Spatial regression …

Check The Head: Emergency Ultrasound Diagnosis Of Fetal Anencephaly, John W. Hall Iv, Ba, Nicolas Denne Md, Joseph J. Minardi Md, Debra Williams Ms, Bj Balcik Md

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background Early pregnancy complaints in emergency medicine are common. Emergency physicians (EP) increasingly employ ultrasound (US) in the evaluation of these complaints. As a result, it is likely that rare and important diagnoses will be encountered. We report a case of fetal anencephaly diagnosed by bedside emergency US in a patient presenting with first-trimester vaginal bleeding.

Case Report A 33-year-old patient at 10 weeks gestation presented with vaginal bleeding. After initial history and physical examination, a bedside US was performed. The EP noted the abnormal appearance of the fetal cranium and anencephaly was suspected. This finding was confirmed by a …

Effect Of The Cardio First Angel™ Device On Cpr Indices: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili, Ali Amirsavadkouhi, Hamidreza Jamaati, Morteza Izadi, Seyed J. Madani, Seyed M. R. Hashemian, Andrew C. Miller

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: A number of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) adjunct devices have been developed to improve the consistency and quality of manual chest compressions. We investigated whether a CPR feedback device would improve CPR quality and consistency, as well as patient survival.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled study of patients undergoing CPR for cardiac arrest in the mixed medical-surgical intensive care units of four academic teaching hospitals. Patients were randomized to receive either standard manual CPR or CPR using the Cardio First Angel™ CPR feedback device. Recorded variables included guideline adherence, CPR quality, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rates, and CPR-associated …

Cardiac Rehabilitation Using The Family-Centered Empowerment Model Versus Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation In Patients With Myocardial Infarction: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Andrew C. Miller, Mohammadreza Hajiesmaieli, Mari Kangasniemi, Fatemah Alhani, Hosseinali Jelvehmoghaddam, Mohammad Fathi, Behrooz Farzanegan, Seyed H. Ardehali, Sevak Hatamian, Mehdi Gahremani, Seyed M. M. Mosavinasab, Zohreh Rostami, Seyed J. Madani, Morteza Izadi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objective To determine if a hybrid cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme using the Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM) as compared with standard CR will improve patient quality of life, perceived stress and state anxiety of patients with myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods We conducted a randomised controlled trial in which patients received either standard home CR or CR using the FCEM strategy. Patient empowerment was measured with FCEM questionnaires preintervention and postintervention for a total of 9 assessments. Quality of life, perceived stress, and state and trait anxiety were assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the 14-item Perceived Stress, and …

Nebulized Heparin For Patients Under Mechanical Ventilation: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis, Gerie J. Glas, Ary Serpa Neto, Janneke Horn, Amalia Cochran, Barry Dixon, Elamin M. Elamin, Iris Farklas, Sharmila Dissanaike, Andrew C. Miller, Marcus J. Schultz

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Pulmonary coagulopathy is a characteristic feature of lung injury including ventilator-induced lung injury. The aim of this individual patient data meta-analysis is to assess the effects of nebulized anticoagulants on outcome of ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. A systematic search of PubMed (1966–2014), Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science was conducted to identify relevant publications. Studies evaluating nebulization of anticoagulants in ventilated patients were screened for inclusion, and corresponding authors of included studies were contacted to provide individual patient data. The primary endpoint was the number of ventilator-free days and alive at day 28. Secondary endpoints included hospital mortality, …

Automated Classification Of Vowel Category And Speaker Type In The High-Frequency Spectrum, Jeremy J. Donai, Saeid Motiian, Gianfranco Doretto

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The high-frequency region of vowel signals (above the third formant or F3) has received little research attention. Recent evidence, however, has documented the perceptual utility of high-frequency information in the speech signal above the traditional frequency bandwidth known to contain important cues for speech and speaker recognition. The purpose of this study was to determine if high-pass filtered vowels could be separated by vowel category and speaker type in a supervised learning framework. Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) were extracted from productions of six vowel categories produced by two male, two female, and two child speakers. Results revealed that the …

Tracheal Intubation In Patients Immobilized By A Rigid Collar: A Comparison Of Glidescope And An Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway, Semi̇h Özdi̇l, Zehra İpek Arslan Aydin, Zehra Nur Baykara, Kami̇l Toker, Zeynep Mi̇ne Solak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Intubation must be rapidly performed with the utmost care in cervical trauma patients. We present the first comparison of GlideScope and an intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) regarding insertion and intubation times, intubation success rates, mucosal damage, need for optimization maneuvers, effects on hemodynamic changes, and postoperative minor complications in a simulated cervical injury with a Philadelphia cervical collar. Materials and methods: Ethics committee approval and patient consent were obtained and 94 American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I or II patients were enrolled in this study. Following standard anesthesia monitoring and induction, the Philadelphia-type cervical collar was applied …

Hormone Therapy In Hypospadias Surgery: A Survey On The Current Practice In Turkey, Gülnur Göllü Bahadir, Ergun Ergün, Onur Telli̇, Fari̇d Khanmammadov, Ahmet Murat Çakmak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Nowadays surgical intervention is possible in smaller phalluses and younger children with hypospadias disease. Different hormone treatments with different doses, modalities, indications, and treatment times come along with some disputes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the management approaches in hypospadias surgery of surgeons in regards to hormone preparations. Materials and methods: Questionnaires were sent via e-mail to 110 actively working pediatric surgeons and urologists. The answers of 99 surgeons were evaluated (90%). Two surgeons declared that they did not perform hypospadias surgery. Results: When testosterone usage in penile surgery was questioned, 44.4% of participants (n = …

Management Of Acute Postoperative Hypertension For Reducing Cardiovascular Complications In Cancer Patients: When And How Aggressively?, Ning Lou, Daofeng Wang, Zhi Wang, Wenfeng Ye, Xiao Liu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: We sought to determine what factors cardiovascular complications (CVCs) correlate with in cancer patients with acute postoperative hypertension (APH) and to define when and how aggressively to treat this disorder in the present study. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study of cancer patients with postoperative hypertension at a single intensive care unit between July 2007 and June 2013 was conducted. The outcome of interest was the incidence of a CVC. Results: There were 1162 patients enrolled, of which 92 (7.9%) experienced one or more CVCs. Preexisting hypertension (OR 38.3, 95% CI 3.2-457.4, P = 0.004) and choice of …

The Effect Of Systemic Isotretinoin Treatment On Skin Biophysicalparameters Among Patients With Acne Vulgaris, Emi̇ne Çölgeçen, Kemal Özyurt, Ayten Ferahbaş Kesi̇koğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Systemic isotretinoin has been widely considered an effective and safe medical treatment for severe and refractory acne for nearly 3 decades. However, it also appears to cause undesirable cutaneous side effects. The aim of this study was to prospectively measure biophysical parameters of skin function among patients with acne vulgaris before and after 3 months of isotretinoin therapy, including pH, temperature, sebum content, skin hydration, and transepidermal water loss. Materials and methods: The study cohort consisted of 19 patients with acne vulgaris. Noninvasive methods were used to measure the biophysical characteristics of forehead skin. All measurements were repeated following …

Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis In 49 Pediatric Patients With Normal Immunity, Hasan Tezer, Sali̇ha Kanik Yüksek, Belgi̇n Gülhan, Asli Nur Özkaya Parlakay, Ceyda Tuna Kirsaçlioğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) hepatitis is generally asymptomatic or rarely can lead to severe complications in immunocompetent hosts. This study aims to evaluate CMV hepatitis in immunocompetent young children, which is discussed relatively rarely in the literature. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of 49 pediatric patients with CMV hepatitis from January 2005 to December 2010 was performed. Results: The median age of the patients was 5.81 ± 6.49 months and 57.1% were female. Complaints were prolonged jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal distension. Seventeen patients (34.6%) had congenital or probable congenital CMV infection, while 32/49 (65.3%) had perinatal CMV infection. CMV …

Is There A Difference Between Parkinson Disease Patients And A Control Group In Terms Of Urinary Symptoms And Quality Of Life?, Erdal Benli̇, Fahri̇ye Feri̇ha Özer, Yasemi̇n Kaya, Tuba Şazi̇ye Özcan, Ali̇ Ayyildiz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of this study is to research whether urinary symptoms and disruption of quality of life observed in Parkinson disease patients are different than those of their healthy peers. Additionally, whether these complaints were affected by characteristics such as age at onset of Parkinson disease, sex, disease duration, and severity was investigated. Materials and methods: This study comprised a total of 79 individuals, 39 Parkinson patients and a control group of 40 individuals. Parkinson diagnosis was provided by a neurology expert according to the UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank Criteria. All patients were evaluated by a urologist …

The Demographics And Histopathological Features Of Oral Cavity Cancers In Turkey, Mehmet Düzlü, Recep Karamert, Faruk Kadri̇ Bakkal, Raşi̇t Cevi̇zci̇, Hakan Tutar, Mehmet Ekrem Zorlu, Alper Di̇lci̇, Faki̇h Ci̇hat Eravci

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aimed to examine the demographics and histopathological features of oral cavity cancers (OCCs) managed in our clinic. Materials and methods: Patients who were diagnosed with OCCs in the Gazi University Otorhinolaryngology Department between the years 1993 and 2013 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Surgical archive charts and pathology records were reviewed in detail regarding the anatomical and histopathological profiles of the tumors, as well as the demographic data of the patients. Results: Out of 230 patients with OCCs, the most common anatomic location and histopathological diagnosis were found to be the oral tongue (41.4%) and squamous …

Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Is A Marker Of Heavy Nicotine Dependence, Eli̇f Babaoğlu, Ayşegül Karalezli̇, Mükremi̇n Er, Hati̇ce Canan Hasanoğlu, Derya Öztuna

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Exhaled CO level provides an objective measure of a patient's smoking status. The relationship between CO levels and nicotine dependence is controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between exhaled CO levels and nicotine dependence as well as to demonstrate that exhaled CO levels may be used as a marker of nicotine dependence. Materials and methods: Two hundred eighty-nine patients (132 females, 157 males) were included in the study. Smoking duration, the age of smoking initiation, exhaled CO levels, and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores were recorded. The relationship between FTND scores and …

Simulation Of Cryolipolysis As A Novel Method For Noninvasive Fat Layer Reduction, Abbas Majdabadi, Mohammad Abazari

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Regarding previous problems in conventional liposuction methods, the need for development of new fat removal operations was appreciated. In this study we are going to simulate one of the novel methods, cryolipolysis, aimed to tackle those drawbacks. Materials and methods: We think that simulation of clinical procedures contributes considerably in efficacious performance of the operations. To do this we have attempted to simulate temperature distribution in a sample fat of the human body. Using Abaqus software we have presented the graphical display of temperature-time variations within the medium. Results: Findings of our simulation indicate that tissue temperature decreases after …

The Effects Of Balneotherapy On Acute, Process-Related, And Cumulative Peripheral Cardiac Responses And Pulmonary Functions In Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders, Senem Şaş, Şeyda Toprak Çelenay, Derya Özer Kaya

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of balneotherapy on acute, process-related, and cumulative peripheral cardiac responses and pulmonary functions in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Materials and methods: Ninety-eight patients with musculoskeletal disorders referred to physiotherapy with balneotherapy were recruited. The patients received balneotherapy for 20 min 5 times per week for 2 weeks. Blood pressure and pulse were measured at the 0th, 5th, 10th, 20th, and 30th minutes during the 1st and 10th sessions. All patients were subjected to pulmonary function testing before balneotherapy and after the 10th session. Results: It was found that systolic blood pressure decreased …

Clinical And Histopathological Features Of Asymptomaticpersistent Microscopic Hematuria In Children, Serçi̇n Güven, İbrahi̇m Gökce, Nesli̇han Çi̇çek, Ülger Altuntaş, Nurdan Yildiz, Hari̇ka Alpay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: We analyzed the clinical and pathological features and prognosis of 106 children with persistent asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (PAMH) with or without mild proteinuria. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of 106 children who were referred to our clinics from 2000 to 2013 for evaluation of PAMH. Results: Among the 106 patients, 69 (65%) were female and 37 (35%) were male. The patients were divided into two groups: 101 patients with isolated microscopic hematuria (IMH) and 5 patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria and mild proteinuria (AMHP). Renal biopsy was performed in all 5 children with AHMP: 2 patients …

Evaluation Of Epidemiological Characteristics And Risk Factors Affecting Mortality In Patients With Candidemia, Fatma Yilmaz Karadağ, Pinar Ergen, Özlem Aydin, Arzu Doğru, Berri̇n Tanidir, Mustafa Haluk Vahaboğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to determine epidemiologic characters of patients with candidemia and to evaluate risk factors that can affect mortality rates among these patients. Materials and methods: Patients admitted to the İstanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Training Hospital between 2009 and 2011 who had a positive blood culture for Candida spp. during hospitalization were studied retrospectively for demographic characteristics and risk factors. Statistical comparisons were estimated with the Stata 12 package. Independent variables associated with mortality were estimated by Cox regression analyses. Results: A total of 89 patients were identified with a positive blood culture. Of the …

Clinical Characteristics And Outcome Of Brucella Endocarditis, Na Du, Feng Wang

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Brucella endocarditis, which is a rare condition, is the most common cause of death in human brucellosis, leading to severe cardiac complications. By collecting and analyzing clinical cases, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcome of Brucella endocarditis in endemic areas in China. Materials and methods: Presented here are 5 cases of Brucella endocarditis, all managed uniformly. We present the clinical, serological, and echocardiographic features; the therapeutic approach; and the follow-up of five patients with Brucella endocarditis. Results: There was a predominance of aortic involvement (4 cases) and a high incidence of left ventricular failure (5 cases). Polymerase chain …

Chronic Cough: Clinical Characteristics And Etiologies Of 510 Cases, Guiyuan Jiang, Xinying Huang, Tianlin Li, Dongping Xu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To investigate the clinical features and underlying etiologies of chronic cough (CC). Materials and methods: Five hundred and ten CC patients were enrolled. The phases, characteristics and associated clinical manifestations of CC among the gastroesophageal reflux cough (GERC), cough-variant asthma (CVA), and upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) groups were compared, and the diagnostic values of each group were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. Results: In the 510 patients, 404 had CC with single etiology-GERC (n = 175), CVA (n = 134), and UACS (n = 95). The characteristic features of GERC included gastric acid backflow symptoms such as sour-tasting …