Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Thematic Analysis Of Bilingual Speech-Language Pathologists In Southern New England, Taylor Collins

Honors Theses and Capstones

No abstract provided.

Choosing An Allograft Or Autograft In Orthopedic Surgeries For Athletes, Cassandra M. Izzo

Honors Theses and Capstones

Athletes and their doctors have the choice of using an allograft or autograft in reconstruction surgeries. The purpose of this study is to see if there is a difference in the healing mechanism and surgical outcome in using an allograft or autograft during orthopedic surgical procedures, as well as to analyze graft rejection and disease transmission through donor tissue.

Doctors and athletic trainers were interviewed in order to learn about the healing mechanisms and advantages and disadvantages of allografts and autografts in order to conclude if one was better than the other. College level athletes on different sports teams were …

Through My Eyes: The Effect On Family Life Of Having Siblings With Autism Spectrum Disorder As Experienced By A Typically Developing Adolescent, Samantha L. Brand

Honors Theses and Capstones

As the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) continues to increase, research efforts have begun to focus on the effects a person with ASD has on family life. The dominant voice in the extant literature is that of parents and caregivers, but only a small body of research explores the experiences of siblings. Using a phenomenological approach, a qualitative study was conducted to understand how a typically developing (TD) adolescent experiences the effects of having siblings with ASD on family routines and activities. Findings indicate that the family’s performance context—including routines, relationships, and activities—acts as the mediator of the bidirectional …

Risk Factors Associated With Osteoarthritis Post-Acl Injury: A Literature Review, Allison S. Barnes

Honors Theses and Capstones

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament ruptures are a relatively common injury in both contact and non-contact sports and are known to have a long rehabilitation process. In addition to a long recovery to get back to competitive sport levels, ACL tears are also associated with a high risk of early onset osteoarthritis, resulting in pain, functional limitations, and a diminished quality of life. There are many variables that have been studied that have a correlation to the occurrence of this condition.

Objectives: To examine peer reviewed literature to determine evidence based risk factors for developing osteoarthritis post-ACL injury.

Data …

Through My Eyes: The Effect On Family Life Of Having Siblings With Autism Spectrum Disorder As Experienced By A Typically Developing Adolescent, Samantha L. Brand

Honors Theses and Capstones

As the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) continues to increase, research efforts have begun to focus on the effects a person with ASD has on family life. The dominant voice in the extant literature is that of parents and caregivers, but only a small body of research explores the experiences of siblings. Using a phenomenological approach, a qualitative study was conducted to understand how a typically developing (TD) adolescent experiences the effects of having siblings with ASD on family routines and activities. Findings indicate that the family’s performance context—including routines, relationships, and activities—acts as the mediator of the bidirectional …

Examining The Impact Of Comorbid Serious Mental Illness On Rehospitalization Among Medical And Surgical Inpatients, Nancy P. Hanrahan, Sara Bressi, Steven C. Marcus, Phyllis Solomon

Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research Faculty Research and Scholarship

Multiple barriers to quality health care may affect the outcomes of postacute treatment for individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). This study examined rehospitalization for medical and surgical inpatients with and without a comorbid diagnosis of SMI which included psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depression

Resolving The Policy Paradox: The Case Of Biofuel Production In Ireland, Alan Gilmer, Mark J. Mcgarrity, Vivienne Byers

Articles

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the status of policy design and policy implementation in the biofuel sector in Ireland. The focus of the work addresses the overarching operational context of the biofuel sector in Ireland and the role of different actors in shaping and resolving inconsistencies in policy outlook and practice. Design/methodology/approach – This study used a qualitative research approach involving a series of semi-structured interviews with members of the relevant sub-groups concerned. This study sought to address two questions – whether current or proposed policy is likely to affect consumption of indigenous biofuel feedstocks …

Bayesian Exponential Random Graph Modeling Of Whole-Brain Structural Networks Across Lifespan, Michel Sinke, Rick Dijkhuizen, Alberto Caimo, Cornelis Stam, Willem Otte

Articles

No abstract provided.

Preparation And Biological Activity Of The Monoclonal Antibody Against The Second Extracellular Loop Of The Angiotensin Ii Type 1 Receptor, Mingming Wei, Chengrui Zhao, Suli Zhang, Li Wang, Huirong Liu, Xin-Liang Ma

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Neural Crest Cell-Autonomous Roles Of Fibronectin In Cardiovascular Development., Xia Wang, Sophie Astrof

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

The chemical and mechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) modulate diverse aspects of cellular fates; however, how regional heterogeneity in ECM composition regulates developmental programs is not well understood. We discovered that fibronectin 1 (Fn1) is expressed in strikingly non-uniform patterns during mouse development, suggesting that regionalized synthesis of the ECM plays cell-specific regulatory roles during embryogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we ablated Fn1 in the neural crest (NC), a population of multi-potent progenitors expressing high levels of Fn1. We found that Fn1 synthesized by the NC mediated morphogenesis of the aortic arch artery and differentiation of NC cells into …

Regulation Of Chronic And Acute Inflammatory Disease By Microrna And Microbiota, Pegah Mehrpouya-Bahrami

Theses and Dissertations

Inflammation is implicated in cancer development, degenerative diseases, allergies as well as artherosecelorsis. Dysregulated immune responses lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Finding the ways to terminate inflammatory responses when no longer needed, demands further investigation. Herein, we investigated the modulation of acute and chronic inflammatory disease models by inducing antiinflammatory state. Acute inflammatory model was induced with SEB, an enterotoxin produced by a ubiquitous Gram-positive coccus, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which exerts profound toxic effects on the immune system, which leads to the cytokine storm and adverse immune response. SEB is the main cause of nosocomial infections, acute …

Clinically Relevant Behavioral Endpoints In A Recurrent Nitroglycerin Migraine Model In Rats, Kenneth J. Sufka, Stephanie M. Staszko, Ainslee P. Johnson, Morgan E. Davis, Rachel E. Davis, Todd A. Smitherman

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: This research sought to further validate the rat nitroglycerin (NTG) migraine model by comparing the effects of single versus recurrent NTG episodes on behavioral endpoints that mirror ICHD-3 diagnostic criteria for migraine, and to determine if the altered behavioral endpoints are reduced after administration of sumatriptan. METHODS: Separate cohorts of rats were administered NTG (10 mg/kg/2 ml) or saline (Experiment 1: single injection; Experiment 2: repeated injections; Experiment 3: repeated injections with sumatriptan [0.0, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg/ml] rescue. Behavioral endpoints were assessed 2 h after final NTG administration and included time in light/dark chambers for photophobia and activity, …

The Role Of Occupational Therapy In Primary Care With Older Adults, Kate Gearman, Tessa Richards

Occupational Therapy Capstones

The older adult population in the United States (U.S.) is projected to increase over the next 30 years (United States Census Bureau, 2014). With that, nearly two-thirds of older adults in the U.S. are diagnosed with at least one chronic health condition (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016b). These findings highlight a need for more specialized services for this population. Primary care is one sector of healthcare service delivery operating within the U.S. healthcare system. Presently, occupational therapy services are limited in primary care settings as defined in this scholarly project. Occupational therapy services have demonstrated efficacy in …

Student Organization For Accessibility And Resources (Soar) Program: A Policies And Procedures Manual, Molly Hofmeister, Kelsey Schiller

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Students with disabilities who attend college face many challenges with little support; and therefore are at a higher risk of preemptively dropping out of college (Mamiseishvili & Koch, 2011). Some of these challenges and barriers include but are not limited to roles and responsibilities of support staff and a greater demand for students’ self-reliance (Garrison-Wade, 2012). The Student Organization for Accessibility and Resources (SOAR) Program is a current peer mentorship program missioned to provide guidance and mentorship for college students with disabilities as they negotiate the complexities of transitioning and attending college (Morrison, personal communication, September 13, 2016). Peer mentorship …

Parent Guide For Therapeutic Play, Amber Brown, Corey Lof

Occupational Therapy Capstones

The purpose of this project was to create a guide for parents of children ages three through six who have transitioned from early intervention services and did not qualify for early special education services. Delays may be present in many areas including cognitive, fine motor, gross motor, social-emotional, and adaptive development (North Dakota Department of Human Services, 2013), creating difficulty for the child to engage in everyday occupations including play.

An extensive literature review was conducted in order to obtain up to date information on the importance of play in development and facilitation of parent led play sessions. Research articles, …

Happy Hearts: A Caregiver's Guide To Assisting Patients With Heart Failure, Stephanie Carlson, Ashley Waller

Occupational Therapy Capstones

The purpose of this scholarly project was to develop a holistic guide that could be provided by occupational therapists (OTs) to caregivers of individuals with heart failure (HF). A thorough literature review was completed on the impact that caregiving for individuals with HF has on mental, physical and environmental aspects of the caregiver and their role as a caregiver. The literature revealed that there is a significant number of individuals with HF and the role of caregiving is on the rise. As the need for caregivers’ increases, the demands associated with caregiving responsibilities increases accordingly. Activities that caregivers assist HF …

Enhancing Single Custodial Father's Parenting Skills: A Group Protocol, Jordyn Johnson, Alicea Steir

Occupational Therapy Capstones

The rate of single-custodial fathers is increasing (Leininger & Ziol-Guest, 2008). As single-custodial fathers have become more prevalent (Leininger & Ziol-Guest, 2008), programs are needed to provide them with support and information regarding the skills needed to raise children at each developmental stage (Panter-Brick et al., 2014). The purpose of this project is to create a set of group protocols that will provide single-custodial fathers that are living in transitional housing with the skills necessary to raise children at different stages of development.

An extensive literature review was conducted, and information pertinent to parenting programs for single-custodial fathers was collected …

Interdisciplinary Mental Health Approach To Equine Assisted Therapy For Veterans, Elizabeth Large, Brier Van Valin

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Purpose: The purpose of this program plan, Veteran Equine Therapy Services: An Interdisciplinary approach (VETS), is to provide an interdisciplinary, theory-driven structure to increase veterans’ occupational performance in the community using equines as a therapeutic medium.

Methods: A thorough literature review was completed focusing on current PTSD treatment options for veterans, beneficial effects of using animals and equines in treatment, and interdisciplinary team effectiveness. Scholarly articles were retrieved through databases found on the Harley E. French Library website located at the University Of North Dakota School Of Medicine and Health Sciences including PubMed, Google Scholar, Sociological Abstracts, CINAHL, and PsycInfo. …

Resource Guide For Secondary Complications Of Individuals Aging With A Spinal Cord Injury, Allison Laska, Emily Proctor

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly project was to develop an easy to use resource guide to aid occupational therapists in working with those aging with a spinal cord injury (SCI) that have endured a secondary complication and advocating to other healthcare professionals the usefulness of occupational therapy in treatment of these individuals.

Method: An extensive literature review was conducted using Cinahl, OT Search, PubMed, PsycInfo, various medical journals, OT course textbooks, and documents obtained from the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) website. Information was gathered about aging with SCI, common secondary complications in SCI, OT’s role in SCI, OT’s …

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Vs. Exercise Tolerance Testing: Diagnoses And Risk Stratification Of Ascvd, Brittany Anundson

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is highly prevalent in today’s society and contributes to high rates of mortality involved with heart disease.

• The initial assessment of ASCVD and risk stratification concerning the development of an acute coronary event can be performed in a number of ways.

• Current American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines recommend exercise stress testing (ETT) as the initial, noninvasive evaluation of choice.

• However, the accuracy of this test is highly dependent on the patient’s endurance, body mass index, and artifact, making analyzation difficult.

• Non-contrast cardiac computed tomography (CT) with coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring …

Does The Hygiene Hypothesis Contribute To Autoimmune And Allergic Disease In Children With Focus On Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus And Asthma, Chad Briley

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The Hygiene Hypothesis first introduced in 1989 by an epidemiologist, Dr Strachan, as he observed an increased prevalence of allergic diseases in society. Further clinical studies and research have included autoimmunity and inflammatory disease under the umbrella of the Hygiene Hypothesis. Article searches were done in the electronic medical database, Pubmed, for articles related to the Hygiene Hypothesis and autoimmunity related to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and hygiene hypothesis and childhood asthma. Articles written in the last five years were utilized for the project. The subject group is male and female children ages birth to 18 years old with …

Acute Retinal Necrosis: Early Diagnosis Is Key To Outcome, Kevin Davis

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN) can have extremely devastating effects on the vision of both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Many times the exact pathogen of ARN can remain a mystery due to its silent and sometimes sudden onset along with the loss of vision prior to vitreal biopsy. One of the known pathogens is the Herpes Zoster Virus (HZV).

• When Herpes Zoster Virus attack the retina, there are very devastating effects due to ARN including long term complications and blindness. A review of literature looked at the retrospective studies related to the incidence and prevalence of ARN caused by …

Comparing Scit With Slit: For Treatment Of Ige Mediated Grass-Pollen Induced Rhinoconjunctivitis, Cory Heiser

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• The peer review literature compared the effectiveness of treating allergic rhinitis (AR) with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) versus sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for allergen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis.

• The findings showed that there is no clear evidence of effectiveness between SCIT and SLIT for reducing AR symptoms. SLIT has been associated with cost savings with comparison to SCIT.

• The findings indicated that SLIT may be the preferred route for immunotherapy because of its convenience, comparable efficacy, safety and cost.

Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors Versus Warfarin In Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Efficacy, Safety, Cost, And Reversibility, Cory D. Jacobs

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Atrial fibrillation is a common cause for stroke. Vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin are an effective prophylactic medication to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Warfarin, however, has a narrow therapeutic index, reacts with certain foods, increases bleeding risks, and requires frequent monitoring. New medications have been developed to prevent clot formation while avoiding the negative effects of warfarin. The purpose of this study was to compare direct factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban) versus warfarin in stroke prevention, safety, and cost.

The review of literature analyzed studies comparing warfarin and direct factor Xa inhibitors in patients …

Pcsk9 Inhibitors: A Review Of The Efficacy, Safety And Current Literature Recommendations, Lacey L. Jandrin

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed counties. It is estimated that 60 million Americans have LDL-C levels > 160 mg/dl. Only about 1/3 of these patients meet treated LDL cholesterol goals of < 70 mg/dl indicating a need for greater control. High dose statins have been the mainstay in treatment of dyslipidemia, however, up to 20% of patients are statin intolerant indicating a need for secondary treatment strategies. This lead to the development of monoclonal antibodies to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. PCSK9 inhibitors result in decreased destruction of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) which leads to an increase in the transport of LDL-C to its destruction effectively reducing LDL-C levels in the blood. The purpose of this study is to analyze the literature available on the efficacy and safety of new PCSK9 inhibitors. The results of this literature review indicated that PCSK9 inhibitors effectively lowered LDL-C by an average of approximately 50%. The evidence reviewed by this analysis indicate that 70% of patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors met LDL-C goals. The findings also indicate that the side effects associated with this new class of medications are comparable to current side effects seen with traditional cholesterol lowering agents. The largest side effect seen in up to 10% of patients were injection site reactions and did not require discontinuation of the medication. The results of this analysis indicate that PCSK9 inhibitors may be of benefit in patients who are statin intolerant, do not meet LDL-C goals on traditional statin therapy or have familial hypercholesterolemia. Education in use of injectables, cost and insurance coverage and dosing schedule are likely to be areas of continued research and may affect use of this new class of cholesterol lowering agents.

Does Adherence To A Plant-Based Diet Cause A Statistically Significant Decrease In The Risk Of Cardiovascular Events?, Amber H. Johnson

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• One of the current problems in many affluent societies is the straightforward access to convenience and fast foods. Although these selections have suitability for today’s fast-paced world, overall nutritional value becomes the martyr of such practices. It is a logical thought that there could be a correlation between this nutritional pattern and the ever-increasing presence of obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cancer, and other conditions carrying a proverbial death sentence.

• The intent of this review of the literature was to determine the effect a plant-based diet versus an omnivorous diet would have on adults, …

Whole Body Cryotherapy Vs. Cold Water Immersion, Brett M. Johnson

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

In this country a significant percentage of the population present to clinics with generalized musculoskeletal disorders related to pain. More than one-quarter of Americans (26%) age 20 years and over, or an estimated 76.5 million Americans report a problem with general musculoskeletal disorders related to pain that persisted for more than 24 hours in duration. The treatment for various musculoskeletal disorders related to pain are anti-inflammatory agents or opioid analgesics. Another form of anti-inflammatory /analgesia for such ailments is cold therapy.

The purpose of this literature review is to compare Whole Body Cryotherapy (WBCt) to Cold Water Immersion (CWI) in …

Exercise As The Best Treatment Option For Nafld, Amber Kirtley-Perez

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an advancing disease in children and adults that has the potential to be reversed. This disease is emerging in the population due to an increase in processed foods in the diet, increase in glucose intake in diet or liquid form, and lack of exercise. It is a growing epidemic in children that may progress into adulthood. The purpose of the literature review is to determine if the addition of daily exercise will decrease the amount of NAFLD and reverse the disease. The review of literature explored studies that are related to increasing exercise into …

Artificial Disc Replacement As An Alternative To Lumbar Spinal Function In The Treatment Of Chronic Low Back Pain, Jennifer Polniak

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Chronic low back pain leads to activity limitations for the patient and widespread burdens on health care systems. Lumbar fusion has been the “gold standard” surgery for severe chronic low back pain non-responsive to conservative treatment, however it has been associated with continued limitations in spinal mobility. This study was executed in order to compare an alternative surgical intervention, artificial disc replacement, with lumbar spinal fusion in the treatment of chronic low back pain in terms of long term spinal function. Literature searches of trials, guidelines and systematic reviews within the past 5 years were completed exploring surgical procedures, associated …

Efficacy In Screening Patients For Lynch Syndrome, Adria Ridl

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by an inherited germline mutation of the MMR proteins. A mutation of any of the MMR proteins, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 and EPCAM increases the risk of developing cancer, specifically colorectal and endometrial cancer. Approximately 3% of colorectal cancers are associated with Lynch Syndrome (LS). Early identification of a patient’s hereditary cancer risk offers the best outcome. To aid clinicians in the identification of a carrier of LS clinical guidelines and risk prediction models are used. In this analysis the Amsterdam II criteria and Revised Bethesda guidelines are compared to the more …