Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Comparison Of Cyfra 21-1, Nse, And Cea For The Serodiagnosis Of Lung Cancer, A Alexandra Knopp

Honors Theses

There were 224,210 new cases of lung cancer in the US during 2014, and of those cases, there 159,260 that died from lung cancer during 2014. Since early diagnosis and treatment leads to a better prognosis, the medical community is actively looking for new, noninvasive tests for the disease. This includes the search for new and effective tumor markers. Tumor markers are used in combination with other tests to diagnose cancer. After the diagnosis, they are used to follow a patient’s case. The three tumor markers studied were neuron specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CYFRA 21-1. In this …

The Effects Of Aging On Auditory Duration Discrimination, Rachael N. Luckett

Honors Theses

The goal of this study is to identify how auditory duration discrimination ability varies across age groups by using an unbiased stimulus such as a music tone. This will be accomplished by conducting a quantitative study testing duration discrimination skills in young and elderly adults. Their confidence ratings per response will also be included along with their discrimination results. The author will generate data that compare the duration discrimination abilities of young versus elderly adults. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in duration discrimination between elderly and young adults.

The Role Of Diet, Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acid Composition, And Alzheimer's-Related Genes In Systemic Inflammation In The Cache County Memory Study, Rola Adnan Jalloun

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly, accounting for 60 to 80% of all dementia cases. It affects 5.2 million Americans and 44 million worldwide. This project examines the association between dietary patterns, erythrocyte membrane fatty acids concentration, and AD-related genes in systemic inflammation as indicated by serum C-reactive protein (CRP). All studies performed in this project used the data collected in the Cache County Memory Study (CCMS).

Higher levels of accordance with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean dietary (MED) patterns were associated with consistently lower levels of CRP in …

The Role Of Medical Comorbidities On The Risk For Severe Dementia, Institutionalization, And Death In Alzheimer's Disease: A Population Study In Cache County, Utah, Mac J. Gilbert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive disease that impairs cognitive and functional abilities. Without a cure, it is estimated there will be 81 million cases of Alzheimer’s disease by 2040. Life for the individual with Alzheimer’s disease, and their family, changes drastically when the affected individual experiences significant problems with memory, thinking, and ability to complete daily tasks. Some become so debilitated that they need to be placed in a nursing home for supportive care. Until a cure is discovered, it will be important to identify what can be done to help those with Alzheimer’s disease minimize time spent experiencing severe …

Effects Of Differential Rates Of Alternative Reinforcement On Resurgence Of Human Behavior: A Translational Model Of Relapse In The Anxiety Disorders, Brooke M. Smith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Brooke M. Smith, graduate student in the Combined Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychology program at Utah State University, proposed and completed this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Master of Science in Psychology.

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychological disorders in the world, and they place a substantial burden on society. Although successful psychological treatments for anxiety are available, many people still experience relapse once treatment ends. When consequences that follow a behavior increase its future probability, this is termed “reinforcement.” One common treatment approach for anxiety is to attempt to decrease problematic behavior, such as avoidance, …

Pregenomic And Genomic Effects Of 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, Yang Zhang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the United States, the major dietary source of protein is poultry meat, particularly chicken. Phosphorus absorption in chickens is a critical problem in poultry production. It therefore is important to understand the cellular and molecular regulation of phosphorous absorption in intestine to increase efficiency of the process. This would provide the benefits of reducing feed costs and reducing phosphorous excretion, thereby contributing to the sustainability of agriculture in the United States. Therefore, the focus of this thesis is determining the effect of vitamin D metabolites involved in phosphate homeostasis using the chicken as a model.

Optimal Packaging Of Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus (Mpmv) Genomic Rna Depends On Conserved Long Range Interactions Between U5 And Gag Complementary Sequences, Rawan M. Khaleel Kalloush

Theses

Employing a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches, we have recently shown that the 5’ end of MPMV genome (from the first nucleotide in R up to 120 nt of Gag) contains a number of sequence and structural motifs important for MPMV gRNA packaging and dimerization. A distinguishing feature of the higher order structure of MPMV packaging signal RNA is two long-range interactions (LRI) between U5 and Gag complementary sequences, LRI-I and LRI-II, which are phylogenetically conserved among different MPMV strains. These LRIs have been suggested to play a role in stabilizing the RNA secondary structure of the 5’ UTR …

Distribution Of Ghrelin In Pancreatic Islet Cells Of Normal And Diabetic Rats And Its Effect On Diabetes Mellitus, Haba Y. M. El Abadlah

Theses

Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid peptide, is identified as the endogenous ligand of the orphan growth hormone secretagogue-receptor type 1a. Ghrelin presents a unique modification at Ser3 position essential for its activity. It was first discovered in the stomach of rat in 1999. Aside from ghrelin’s role as a potent growth hormone secretagogue and food intake modulator, ghrelin is thought to play a role in insulin and glucagon secretion and in glucose homeostasis. A lot of contradictory data have been reported in the literature regarding ghrelins co-localization with other hormones in the islets of Langerhans, its role in insulin secretion and …

The Impact Of Educational Materials On Collegiate Student-Athletes’ Knowledge Of Sports Related Concussions, Ryan Johnson

Graduate Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of three different types of concussion education materials for collegiate athletes and to evaluate knowledge transfer. Three different types of educational materials were used to educate the athlete. The athlete completed a pretest, completed an educational module, and then completed a posttest. Two weeks later the athlete completed a retention test. A total of 51 subjects participated in the study. The subjects were evaluated on a pretest, posttest, and retention test. Data were analyzed based on an independent t-test to compare pretest scores between athletes who have been previously concussed …

A Translational Study Determining The Impact Of Timing And Duration Of Aerobic Walking On Metabolic Control And Personal Preferences Among Adults Recently Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes, Cory Cox

Graduate Theses

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a potentially life threatening metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and inability to metabolize glucose (Meneilly & Elliott 1999). According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2013), diabetes played a contributing role in 231,404 deaths in 2007 alone. Because of this, researchers strive to develop the best methods of managing diabetes. Physical activity has been shown to improve glucose control by reducing insulin resistance and reducing body fat (Bacchi et al., 2012). Recent data from DiPietro et al. (2013) indicated that multiple bouts of exercise may be favorable over one continuous bout in managing blood …

The Effect Of Warm Up Music Compared To No Warm Up Music In Collegiate Anaerobic Athletes, Mallory Zappitelli

Graduate Theses

Music is a very influential part of life. Music has been linked to psychological effects on exercise, however, there are mixed outcomes when it comes to its effects on exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to test music’s influence on anaerobic performance on the Wingate test. Subjects included 20 track and field athletes at a Division I school in South Carolina. The methodology used in this research was a blind randomized cross over design. Twenty college-age track and field athletes participated in two Wingate tests. Each involved a warm-up with music and a warm-up without music. The warm-up …

Heritability Of Fractional Anisotropy In Human White Matter: A Comparison Of Human Connectome Project And Enigma-Dti Data, Peter Kochunov, Neda Jahanshad, Daniel Marcus, Anderson M. Winkler, Laura Almasy, Joanne E. Curran, Ravi Duggirala, Peter T. Fox, Rene L. Olvera, John Blangero

School of Medicine Publications

The degree to which genetic factors influence brain connectivity is beginning to be understood. Large-scale efforts are underway to map the profile of genetic effects in various brain regions. The NIH-funded Human Connectome Project (HCP) is providing data valuable for analyzing the degree of genetic influence underlying brain connectivity revealed by state-of-the-art neuroimaging methods. We calculated the heritability of the fractional anisotropy (FA) measure derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reconstruction in 481 HCP subjects (194/287 M/F) consisting of 57/60 pairs of mono- and dizygotic twins, and 246 siblings. FA measurements were derived using (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) ENIGMA …

Trauma Nurses: Making A Difference, Kathryn Schroeter

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Raman Micro Spectroscopy For In Vitro Drug Screening: Subcellular Localisation And Interactions Of Doxorubicin, Zeineb Farhane, Franck Bonnier, Alan Casey, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Vibrational spectroscopy, including Raman spectroscopy, has been widely used over the last few years to explore potential biomedical applications. Indeed, Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a powerful non-invasive tool in cancer diagnosis and monitoring. In confocal microscopic mode, the technique is also a molecularly specific analytical tool with optical resolution which has potential applications in subcellular analysis of biochemical processes, and therefore as an in vitro screening tool of the efficacy and mode of action of, for example, chemotherapeutic agents.

In order to demonstrate and explore the potential in this field, established, model chemotherapeutic agents can be valuable. …

Evaluations Of Refraction Competencies Of Ophthalmic Technicians In Mozambique., James Loughman, Kajal Shah, Kovin Naidoo, Margarida Chagunda

Articles

Purpose: Ophthalmic technicians (OT) work at health facilities in Mozambique and are trained to provide primary and secondary eye care services including basic refraction. This study was designed to assess OT competence and confidence in refraction, and investigate whether an upskilling programme is effective in developing their competence and confidence at refraction. Methods: Thirty-one trainee OTs and 16 qualified OTs were recruited to the study. A background questionnaire was administered to determine the demographic profile of the OTs. A confidence levels questionnaire explored their self-reported skills.

Full-Range Public Health Leadership, Part 1: Quantitative Analysis, Erik L. Carlton, James W. Holsinger Jr., Martha Riddell, Heather M. Bush

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Workforce and leadership development are central to the future of public health. However, public health has been slow to translate and apply leadership models from other professions and to incorporate local perspectives in understanding public health leadership.

PURPOSE: This study utilized the full-range leadership model in order to examine public health leadership. Specifically, it sought to measure leadership styles among local health department directors and to understand the context of leadership in local health departments.

METHODS: Leadership styles among local health department directors (n = 13) were examined using survey methodology. Quantitative analysis methods included descriptive statistics, boxplots, …

Conference Poster Season, Daniel G. Kipnis, Msi

Jefferson Digital Commons News

The Jefferson Digital Commons (JDC) has nearly 500 archived conference posters. Don’t let your conference posters collect dust and sit in hallways where only your colleagues view them on a daily basis. Send them to the JDC to reach a global audience.

Loss Of Cbl And Cbl-B Ubiquitin Ligases Abrogates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence And Sensitizes Leukemic Disease To Chemotherapy., Wei An, Scott A. Nadeau, Bhopal C. Mohapatra, Dan Feng, Neha Zutshi, Matthew D. Storck, Priyanka Arya, James E. Talmadge, Jane L. Meza, Vimla Band, Hamid Band

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Cbl and Cbl-b are tyrosine kinase-directed RING finger type ubiquitin ligases (E3s) that negatively regulate cellular activation pathways. E3 activity-disrupting human Cbl mutations are associated with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) that are reproduced in mice with Cbl RING finger mutant knock-in or hematopoietic Cbl and Cbl-b double knockout. However, the role of Cbl proteins in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis, especially in the context of MPD is unclear. Here we demonstrate that HSC expansion and MPD development upon combined Cbl and Cbl-b deletion are dependent on HSCs. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that DKO HSCs exhibit reduced quiescence associated with compromised reconstitution …

Phenotypic Analysis Of Long Bones In Pannexin 3 Knockout Mice, Deidre Caskenette

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

Pannexin 3 (Panx3) is a channel forming glycoprotein that is highly expressed in skeletal tissues. Panx3 is induced at the growth plate of long bones where it regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, a key role in bone formation.

This study analyzes the phenotype of long bones in a novel Panx3 knockout (KO) mouse to assess the role of Panx3 in bone formation.

Ten KO and 10 wild-type (WT) adult mice were scanned using in vivo micro-CT. Right femora / humeri were digitized using homologous landmarks. Geometric morphometric analysis (multivariate statistical methods) allowed for quantitative comparison of shape, size and variation …

3d Visualization Of The Glomerulus Within Kidney Tissue Made Transparent Through Passive Optical Clearing, Tristan Conciatori

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of User Performance In Simulation-Based Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography Training, Oleksiy Zaika

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

Simulation of anatomically complex procedures, such as angiography, is becoming more practical, however, computer-based modules require extensive research to assess their effectiveness. We organized two training schemas – alternating cases and consistent cases – and hypothesized that the alternating practice cases would be beneficial to test performance. Eight residents (4 radiology/4 neurosurgery) and 8 anatomy graduate students were trained on the Simbionix™ simulator in order to assess skill acquisition in diagnostic cerebral angiography over 8 sessions. We found that participants improve on total procedure time and total fluoroscopy time (p<0.05), but not on contrast injected or roadmaps created. There were no significant differences between alternating and consistent training types. Additional work needs to be done with higher sample numbers and visuospatial scores as criteria.

Establishing Anatomical Proximity Between The Coronary Circumflex Artery And Mitral Valve Annulus: Implications For Mitral Valve Surgery, Eliot Winkler

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

The circumflex artery (CX) lies in the left atrioventricular groove, running intimately parallel to the mitral annulus. Thus, unintentional damage to the CX can occur during mitral valve surgery, typically reported in hearts with a left dominant circulation. This study aims to elucidate the anatomical CX-annulus relationship with respect to dominance, and evaluate unintentional CX damage following three surgical repairs. Using cadaveric hearts (n=27), coronary circulation was dissected and dominance assigned. Following a left atriotomy, a clock face was overlaid on the mitral valve (12:00 positioned at A2 leaflet midline) and the CX-annulus distance was measured at each hour. The …

Mapping Cortical Plasticity Induced By Noise Exposure Using C-Fos Immunoreactivity, Paul Sirek

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

Using in vivo electrophysiological recordings in rats, our lab has recently observed that high-intensity noise exposure causes an increase in the number of neurons in the auditory and multisensory cortices that are responsive to visual stimuli (i.e., cortical crossmodal plasticity). To extend this work, the present study evaluated our hypothesis that this noise-induced crossmodal plasticity can also be assessed by mapping the expression of the activity marker, c-Fos, across multiple cortical areas in response to visual stimuli. Adult male rats were exposed to a 120dB noise (0.8-20kHz) for two hours, and the level of hearing loss was assessed with an …

Comparative Assessment Of Hard Palate Thickness Using Micro - Ct And Gross Cadaveric Measurements: Implications For The Safe Placement Of Orthodontic Miniscrews, Jillian Phillips

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

The hard palate is a preferred area for orthodontic miniscrew (OMS) insertion due to easy surgical access and favorable anatomical configuration. However, accurate measurement of palatal bone thickness (BT) is crucial for choosing appropriate OMS lengths and insertion sites. The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for assessing palatal BT, such that we can determine if it is an objective standard for use in research, to which clinical measurements of BT can be compared. Ten cadaveric maxillae (54 -98 yrs.) were cleaned of soft tissue and imaged using micro-CT imaging. Bone thickness was …

A Histological Examination Of The Lumbar Sympathetic Trunk, Noah Mintz

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

Current anatomical and histological descriptions of the lumbar sympathetic trunk suggest that its neuronal cell bodies are located in discrete ganglia linked to each other by nerve fibres. Despite well-documented variations in the morphology of the lumbar sympathetic trunk (e.g., number and placement of ganglia), a detailed histological examination of the arrangement of neuronal cell bodies within the trunk is lacking. Thus, the present study aims to examine the microscopic organization of the lumbar sympathetic trunk using standard histological techniques (n=1). A 95mm length of the sympathetic trunk (from L3-L5) was serially-sectioned (5μm thick) in the longitudinal plane and stained …

The Left Atrial Appendage (Laa): Proximity Of The Circumflex Artery And Evaluation Of A Novel Method Of Closure, Bayan Malakouti-Nejad

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

The left atrial appendage (LAA) is an area of interest because of its thrombogenic potential in patients with atrial fibrillation. The current standard for LAA removal is epicardial excision, which may leave residual volume thereby undermining its effectiveness. Also, LAA surgery may injure the nearby circumflex artery. This investigation aims to measure the proximity of the circumflex artery to the LAA at various points, and evaluate pericardial patch exclusion as a novel method of LAA closure in a cadaveric model. After performing both procedures in all (n=27) hearts, epicardial excision left 24% of the original volume while pericardial patch exclusion …

Development Of An Online Tool For Periodontal Disease Education, Sari Johnston

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

Worldwide research has indicated that 50-90% of the population suffers from gingivitis, a mild form of periodontal disease (Armitage, 2000). Recently it has become hypothesized that not only is gum disease, or periodontal disease, detrimental to one’s oral health but may also have systemic consequences (Watt & Petersen, 2012). According to Bedgley (1994), when patients see, hear and participate in patient learning the retention of knowledge increases up to 80%. Computer based learning is now commonplace and has the potential to reach the masses. Thus, computer-based patient education could be highly effective in decreasing periodontal disease rates. Therefore, creation of …

Leg Bone Geometry In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Helen Honig

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

The objective was to investigage the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on tibial cortical and medullary cross-sectional areas (CSA) using magnetic resonance imaging. Sequential 1mm-thick slice images were acquired of the right leg from the tibial plateau to the talus in 8 individuals with T2DM and 9 age- and sex-matched (32 to 79 y) controls. The CSA (cm 2) was measured at 3 sites, 20%, 50%, and 80% of tibial length, by a blinded analyzer. At the 20% site, medullary CSA in T2DM was significanltly greater than controls (mean ± SD: 5.9 ± 1.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.7). …

The Effect Of Noise Exposure On Inhibitory Neurotransmission In The Auditory, Visual And Multisensory Cortices In Rats, Sarah Fitzpatrick

Masters of Clinical Anatomy Projects

It is well established that high-intensity noise exposure can induce structural and physiological changes in the primary auditory cortex, such as impaired GABA neurotransmission, which leads to a reduced level of GABA-synthesizing enzymes (i.e., GAD65/67). At present, however, it remains unknown how partial hearing loss affects GABA neurotransmission in areas of the cortex that process sound as well as other sensory modalities (e.g., visual stimuli). In the present study, we are using a rat model to investigate our working hypothesis that noise-induced hearing loss causes a differential effect on GAD67 levels in the various cortical areas capable of sound processing, …

Previous Mental Illness Diagnoses Predict Perceptions Of Current Mental Illness: A Cultural And Gender Differences Analysis Of The United States And India, Kimberly N. Hunter, Stephen Rice, Keegan Kraemer, Korhan Oyman

Aeronautics Faculty Publications

The disparities in mental health care around the world have led to differences in the way mental illness is treated, diagnosed, and stigmatized. The studies conducted revealed in this article investigated differences between the United States and India in terms of their willingness to agree with a possible mental illness diagnosis. Each study was conducted online using FluidSurveys®. Participants were recruited via Amazon's® Mechanical Turk® (MTurk), which is a website that provides access to an online, highly diverse participant pool. For Study 1, we hypothesized that there would be significant differences in agreement rates between the two countries and that …