Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Assessing The Potential Impact Of State Policies On Community Health Centers’ Outreach And Enrollment Activities, Peter Shin, Jessica Sharac, Julia Zur, Carmen Alvarez, Sara Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

No abstract provided.

100 Pulmonary And Critical Care Grand Rounds Archived In The Jefferson Digital Commons, Daniel G. Kipnis, Msi

Jefferson Digital Commons News

The Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine has archived 100 grand rounds in the Jefferson Digital Commons.

Tetrakis-Quaternary Ammonium Salts And Methods For Modulating Neuronal Nicotinic Acteylcholine Receptors, Peter A. Crooks, Linda P. Dwoskin, Zhnefa Zhang, Marharyta Pivavarchyk

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Provided are tetrakis-quaternary ammonium compounds which are modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Also provided are methods of using the compounds for modulating the function of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and for the prevention and/or treatment of central nervous system disorders, substance use and/or abuse, and or gastrointestinal tract disorders.

Then And Now: The Progress In Hepatitis B Treatment Over The Past 20 Years., Dina Halegoua-De Marzio, Hie-Won Hann

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

The ultimate goals of treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic decompensation. Since the advent of effective antiviral drugs that appeared during the past two decades, considerable advances have been made not only in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but also in preventing and reducing the incidence of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Furthermore, several recent studies have suggested the possibility of reducing the incidence of recurrent or new HCC in patients even after they have developed HCC. Currently, six medications are available for HBV treatment including, interferon and five nucleoside/nucleotide analogues. In this …

Intramolecular Telomeric G-Quadruplexes Dramatically Inhibit Dna Synthesis By Replicative And Translesion Polymerases, Revealing Their Potential To Lead To Genetic Change, Deanna N. Edwards, Amrita Machwe, Zhigang Wang, David K. Orren

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Recent research indicates that hundreds of thousands of G-rich sequences within the human genome have the potential to form secondary structures known as G-quadruplexes. Telomeric regions, consisting of long arrays of TTAGGG/AATCCC repeats, are among the most likely areas in which these structures might form. Since G-quadruplexes assemble from certain G-rich single-stranded sequences, they might arise when duplex DNA is unwound such as during replication. Coincidentally, these bulky structures when present in the DNA template might also hinder the action of DNA polymerases. In this study, single-stranded telomeric templates with the potential to form G-quadruplexes were examined for their effects …

Development Of A Personalized Decision Aid For Breast Cancer Risk Reduction And Management, Elissa M. Ozanne, Rebecca Howe, Zehra Omer, Laura J. Esserman

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Breast cancer risk reduction has the potential to decrease the incidence of the disease, yet remains underused. We report on the development a web-based tool that provides automated risk assessment and personalized decision support designed for collaborative use between patients and clinicians. Methods: Under Institutional Review Board approval, we evaluated the decision tool through a patient focus group, usability testing, and provider interviews (including breast specialists, primary care physicians, genetic counselors). This included demonstrations and data collection at two scientific conferences (2009 International Shared Decision Making Conference, 2009 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium). Results: Overall, the evaluations were favorable. …

Language Trends Of Spanish/English Dual Language Learners, Cailin Amundsen

Honors Theses

This honors thesis project explores past and current research on the language and literacy development and assessment of Spanish-English bilinguals. The researched differences between Spanish and English language acquisition, cross-language development patterns and phenomena found in bilingual children, and holistic approaches to accurate and authentic assessment of language acquisition of bilinguals have lent support to future research questions and methodologies. The following literature review provides clear connections from current bilingual language acquisition and literacy development studies to the future research questions and ideas they rouse. Said questions and ideas have been organized into a research proposal addressing the language trends …

-Heroines’ Journey- Emerging Story By Refugee Women During Group Analytic Music Therapy, Heidi Ahonen, Antoinetta Mongillo Desideri

Music Faculty Publications

There has been some evidence of the benefits of participating in group analytic music therapy with traumatized people. This pilot clinical project investigates the impact of a combination of narrative therapy and group analytic music therapy on refugee/newcomer women in Canada. An ongoing therapy group met for a period of 8 sessions, to share stories and feelings of past experiences and of resettlement. The focus of this group was emotional expression (verbal and musical). Musical listening, improvisation, art, writing, clay-work, and relaxation techniques were used. Several consistent themes re-emerged, including feelings around loneliness, fear guilt, and loss.

The analysis of …

Phages Of Non-Diary Lactococci: Isolation And Characterization Of Phi L47, A Phage Infecting The Grass Isolate Lactococcus Lactis Ssp Cremoris Dpc6860, Daniel Cavanagh, Caitríona M. Guinane, Horst Neve, Aidan Coffey, R. Paul Ross, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, Olivia Mcauliffe

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Lactococci isolated from non-dairy sources have been found to possess enhanced metabolic activity when compared to dairy strains. These capabilities may be harnessed through the use of these strains as starter or adjunct cultures to produce more diverse flavor profiles in cheese and other dairy products. To understand the interactions between these organisms and the phages that infect them, a number of phages were isolated against lactococcal strains of non-dairy origin. One such phage, ΦL47, was isolated from a sewage sample using the grass isolate L. lactis ssp. cremoris DPC6860 as a host. Visualization of phage virions by transmission electron …

What's Happening: January 13, 2014, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Introduction To Volume 6, Michael Sherr

Journal of Adolescent and Family Health

Introduction to Volume 6

Targeting The Endocannabinoid Metabolic Enzymes To Reduce Inflammatory Pain, Sudeshna Ghosh

Theses and Dissertations

Pain is a debilitating condition that presents a problem of clinical relevance. Common analgesics include opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSIADs). Despite different degrees of effectiveness, a major drawback of these analgesic classes is their side effects. For example, side effects associated with opioids include pruritus, respiratory depression, hyperalgesia, constipation, dependence. In addition, chronic use of NSAIDs can cause gastric ulcers. Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of marijuana, produces antinociception in various preclinical models of pain. Similarly, many synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists produce antinociception in preclinical models of pain. However, their psychomimetic effects dampen interest for their therapeutic …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - January 12, 2014, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the January 12, 2014 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• USA Children’s and Women’s Hospital Welcomes Two Midwife Nurses
• USA Digestive Health Center Hosts Reception for Construction Crew at University Commons
• USA Physicians Group Implementing EHR Software
• USA Professor Co-Authors

Cancer Vaccines: A Ray Of Hope, Lipika Chablani

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

In lieu of an abstract, here are the article's first two paragraphs:

Recent cancer statistics review by Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program by National Cancer Institute (NCI) shows that cancer is the second most leading cause of death after heart diseases. Cancer incidence has grown from 19.2% to 23.3% from 1975 to 2010 (Figure 1)[1]. Lung cancer remains to be the most fatal form of cancer followed by colorectal, breast and prostate cancer in the country (Table 1)[1]. Regardless of several treatment options, cancer remains to be a unique challenge for both patients and the healthcare providers. Several …

Assessments Of Empathy In Medical School Admissions: What Additional Evidence Is Needed?, Mohammadreza Hojat

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

The Association for the Study of Medical Education (ASME) sponsored a symposium on the theme of Examin-ing the Evidence with Regard to Character, Personality and Values in Medical School Selection which was held on October 14, 2013 at the University of Sheffield Medical School in the United Kingdom. I was invited to speak about credibility issues related to personality assessments in health profession educations. To my pleasant surprise, I found the European audience receptive (more than their counterparts in the United States) to the idea of using personality assess-ments in admission decisions. There seems to be a hesita-tion among leaders …

Prion Infection Impairs Cholesterol Metabolism In Neuronal Cells, Huanhuan L. Cui, Belinda Guo, Benjamin Scicluna, Bradley M. Coleman, Victoria A. Lawson, Laura Ellett, Peter J. Meikle, Michael I. Bukrinsky, Nigora Mukhamedova, Dmitri Sviridov, Andrew F. Hill

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Conversion of prion protein (PrP^C) into a pathological isoform (PrP^Sc) during prion infection occurs in lipid rafts and is dependent on cholesterol. Here, we show that prion infection increases the abundance of cholesterol transporter, ATP-binding cassette transporter type A1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter type A1), but reduces cholesterol efflux from neuronal cells leading to the accumulation of cellular cholesterol. Increased abundance of ABCA1 in prion disease was confirmed in prion-infected mice. Mechanistically, conversion of PrP^C to the pathological isoform led to PrP^Sc accumulation in rafts, displacement of ABCA1 from rafts and the cell surface, and …

Combined Antiproliferative Effects Of The Aminoalkylindole Win55,212-2 And Radiation In Breast Cancer Cells, Sean Emery

Theses and Dissertations

The potential antitumor activity of mixed CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonists, such as the aminoalkylindole WIN55,212-2 (WIN2), has been extensively studied, but little information is available as to their potential interaction with conventional cancer therapies, such as ionizing radiation (IR). In the present work, we investigated the effects of WIN2 on the antiproliferative effects of radiation in human (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and murine (4T1) breast cancer cells, as well as an immortalized human breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A). WIN2 or radiation alone inhibited breast tumor growth, while the combination of WIN2 and radiation was more effective than either agent alone in …

Detection Of Homocysteine With Bridged Viologen Chemical Probes, Davin Rautiola

Dissertations and Theses

Increased blood plasma concentrations of the aminothiol homocysteine (Hcy) are associated with a variety of disease states including those which cause impaired renal function, many forms of cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Therefore, Hcy has the potential to be a significant diagnostic biomarker. Routine monitoring of Hcy plasma concentration is encumbered by the time and resources required to quantify Hcy using currently accepted instrumental analysis methods. As part of the continuing effort to develop a quick, reliable, inexpensive, and user-friendly test to quantify Hcy at the point of care, we have designed a series of novel colorimetric …

Examining The Effect Of Secondary Packaging On Microbial Penetration Into Sterile Medical Device Trays, Ondrea Kassarjian Kassarjian, Nora Bello, Laura Bix, Gary Burgess, John Linz

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

device trays was examined. Sterile device trays were aseptically filled with growth medium, exposed to microbial challenge, incubated, and inspected for growth. During microbial challenge, all package systems were subjected to a pressure differential that simulated those experienced during distribution. Penetration rates were significantly decreased (P = 0.01) when unlidded trays were packaged in pouches (0/39), compared to those in cartons (37/39). Similarly, the number of colony forming units (CFU) present was greater for unlidded trays packaged in cartons, compared to those in pouches (P = 0.03). To further explore the efficacy of cartons as a barrier to microbial ingress, …

Farmers' Market Use Is Associated With Fruit And Vegetable Consumption In Diverse Southern Rural Communities, Stephanie B. Jilcott Pitts, Alison A. Gustafson, Qiang Wu, Mariel Leah Mayo, Rachel K. Ward, Jared T. Mcguirt, Ann P. Rafferty, Mandee F. Lancaster, Kelly R. Evenson, Thomas C. Keyserling, Alice S. Ammerman

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

Background

While farmers’ markets are a potential strategy to increase access to fruits and vegetables in rural areas, more information is needed regarding use of farmers’ markets among rural residents. Thus, this study’s purpose was to examine (1) socio-demographic characteristics of participants; (2) barriers and facilitators to farmers’ market shopping in southern rural communities; and (3) associations between farmers’ market use with fruit and vegetable consumption and body mass index (BMI).

Methods

Cross-sectional surveys were conducted with a purposive sample of farmers’ market customers and a representative sample of primary household food shoppers in eastern North Carolina (NC) and the …

The Santa Clara, 2014-01-09, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

The Evolutionary Young Mir-1290 Favors Mitotic Exit And Differentiation Of Human Neural Progenitors Through Altering The Cell Cycle Proteins., Sowmya V. Yelamanchili, Brenda M. Morsey, Emily B. Harrison, D. A. Rennard, Kathleen M. Emanuel, I Thapa, D. R. Bastola, H. S. Fox

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

Regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation during brain development results from processes requiring several regulatory networks to function in synchrony. MicroRNAs are part of this regulatory system. Although many microRNAs are evolutionarily conserved, recent evolution of such regulatory molecules can enable the acquisition of new means of attaining specialized functions. Here we identify and report the novel expression and functions of a human and higher primate-specific microRNA, miR-1290, in neurons. Using human fetal-derived neural progenitors, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and H9-ESC-derived neural progenitors (H9-NPC), we found miR-1290 to be upregulated during neuronal differentiation, using microarray, northern blotting and qRT-PCR. We …

Paracrine Apoptotic Effect Of P53 Mediated By Tumor Suppressor Par-4, Ravshan Burikhanov, Tripti Shrestha-Bhattarai, Nikhil Hebbar, Shirley Qiu, Yanming Zhao, Gerard P. Zambetti, Vivek M. Rangnekar

Radiation Medicine Faculty Publications

The guardian of the genome, p53, is often mutated in cancer and may contribute to therapeutic resistance. Given that p53 is intact and functional in normal tissues, we harnessed its potential to inhibit the growth of p53-deficient cancer cells. Specific activation of p53 in normal fibroblasts selectively induced apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells. This paracrine effect was mediated by p53-dependent secretion of the tumor suppressor Par-4. Accordingly, the activation of p53 in normal mice, but not p53⁻/⁻ or Par-4⁻/⁻ mice, caused systemic elevation of Par-4, which induced apoptosis of p53-deficient tumor cells. Mechanistically, p53 …

Comparison Of Academic Achievement For A Rn-Bsn Program Course Using Online And Traditional Face-To-Face Classroom Learning Environment Delivery Methods, Misty Lilley, Donell Murray

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

An applied project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Education Specialist at Morehead State University by Misty Lilley and Donell Murray on January 9, 2016.

Prognosis Of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer In Relation To Serum Thyrotropin And Thyroglobulin Antibody Status At Time Of Diagnosis, Donald S. A. Mcleod, David S. Cooper, Paul W. Ladenson, Kenneth B. Ain, James D. Brierley, Henry G. Fein, Bryan R. Haugen, Jacqueline Jonklaas, James Magner, Douglas S. Ross, Monica C. Skarulis, David L. Steward, Harry R. Maxon, Steven I. Sherman

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration and thyroid autoimmunity may be of prognostic importance in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Preoperative serum TSH level has been associated with higher DTC stage in cross-sectional studies; data are contradictory on the significance of thyroid autoimmunity at the time of diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess whether preoperative serum TSH and perioperative antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) were associated with thyroid cancer stage and outcome in DTC patients followed by the National Thyroid Cancer Treatment Cooperative Study, a large multicenter thyroid cancer registry.

METHODS: Patients registered after 1996 with available preoperative serum TSH (n=617; the TSH cohort) …

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Session Distribution On The Acquisition, Retention, And Endurance Of Material Learned Using Precision Teaching, Elizabeth G. Hasbrouck

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Precision Teaching (PT) is a data-based educational tool that allows individual changes to be made to educational programs based specifically on the needs of the learner. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of session distribution on the material learned in the context of a PT intervention program. Typical children, ages 3- to 5-years-old, whom were enrolled in a church-based child development program, participated. The goal of this study was to assess if the administration of PT sessions one day-a-week or five days-a-week effected the acquisition, retention, and endurance of material learned. Results indicate that there was …

Washington, Rebecca (Smith), 1776-1861 (Sc 1254), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 1254. Letter, 10 August 1835, written by Rebecca Washington, Logan County, Kentucky, to her daughter Jane Walker in Arkansas Territory. She vividly describes the cholera epidemic that has devastated the white and African American residents of Russellville and Logan County, and relates family news. Information about the letter is included.

Estimation Of Daily Interfractional Larynx Residual Setup Error After Isocentric Alignment For Head And Neck Radiotherapy: Quality Assurance Implications For Target Volume And Organs-At-Risk Margination Using Daily Ct On- Rails Imaging., Charles A Baron, Musaddiq J Awan, Abdallah S R Mohamed, Imad Akel, David I Rosenthal, G Brandon Gunn, Adam S Garden, Brandon A Dyer, Laurence Court, Parag R Sevak, Esengul Kocak-Uzel, Clifton D Fuller

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Larynx may alternatively serve as a target or organs at risk (OAR) in head and neck cancer (HNC) image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). The objective of this study was to estimate IGRT parameters required for larynx positional error independent of isocentric alignment and suggest population-based compensatory margins. Ten HNC patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) with daily CT on-rails imaging were assessed. Seven landmark points were placed on each daily scan. Taking the most superior-anterior point of the C5 vertebra as a reference isocenter for each scan, residual displacement vectors to the other six points were calculated postisocentric alignment. Subsequently, using the first scan …

Milk Consumption And Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Older Chinese: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study, Yangbo Sun, Chaoqiang Jiang, Kar Keung Cheng, Weisen Zhang, Gabriel M. Leung, Tai Hing Lam, Mary Schooling

Publications and Research

Background
Dairy products consumption is increasingly common globally. Most of the evidence concerning dairy products comes from observational studies in western populations which are inevitably open to confounding. To triangulate the evidence concerning dairy products, we examined the associations of whole cow’s milk consumption with cardiovascular risk factors in a non-Western setting with a different pattern of milk consumption and cardiovascular diseases from Western populations.

Methods
We used multivariable censored linear or logistic regression to examine cross-sectionally the adjusted associations of whole cow’s milk consumption (none (n = 14892), 1–3/week (n = 2689) and 3+/week (n = 2754)) with cardiovascular …

Resveratrol Induces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Through Stimulation Of Sirt1 And Ampk, Anne Marie Thompson, Kathleen A. Martin, Eva M. Rzucidlo

Dartmouth Scholarship

Phenotypic plasticity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is necessary for vessel maintenance, repair and adaptation to vascular changes associated with aging. De-differentiated VSMC contribute to pathologies including atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia. As resveratrol has been reported to have cardio- protective effects, we investigated its role in VSMC phenotypic modulation. We demonstrated the novel finding that resveratrol promoted VSMC differentiation as measured by contractile protein expression, contractile morphology and contraction in collagen gels. Resveratrol induced VSMC differentiation through stimulation of SirT1 and AMPK. We made the novel finding that low or high dose resveratrol had an initially different mechanism on …