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2013

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Articles 7351 - 7380 of 7930

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Rhob Controls Coordination Of Adult Angiogenesis And Lymphangiogenesis Following Injury By Regulating Vezf1-Mediated Transcription., Damien Gerald, Irit Adini, Sharon Shechter, Carole Perruzzi, Joseph Varnau, Benjamin Hopkins, Shiva Kazerounian, Peter Kurschat, Stephanie Blachon, Santosh Khedkar, Mandrita Bagchi, David Sherris, George C Prendergast, Michael Klagsbrun, Heidi Stuhlmann, Alan C Rigby, Janice A Nagy, Laura E Benjamin Jan 2013

Rhob Controls Coordination Of Adult Angiogenesis And Lymphangiogenesis Following Injury By Regulating Vezf1-Mediated Transcription., Damien Gerald, Irit Adini, Sharon Shechter, Carole Perruzzi, Joseph Varnau, Benjamin Hopkins, Shiva Kazerounian, Peter Kurschat, Stephanie Blachon, Santosh Khedkar, Mandrita Bagchi, David Sherris, George C Prendergast, Michael Klagsbrun, Heidi Stuhlmann, Alan C Rigby, Janice A Nagy, Laura E Benjamin

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Mechanisms governing the distinct temporal dynamics that characterize post-natal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis elicited by cutaneous wounds and inflammation remain unclear. RhoB, a stress-induced small GTPase, modulates cellular responses to growth factors, genotoxic stress and neoplastic transformation. Here we show, using RhoB null mice, that loss of RhoB decreases pathological angiogenesis in the ischaemic retina and reduces angiogenesis in response to cutaneous wounding, but enhances lymphangiogenesis following both dermal wounding and inflammatory challenge. We link these unique and opposing roles of RhoB in blood versus lymphatic vasculatures to the RhoB-mediated differential regulation of sprouting and proliferation in primary human blood versus …

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The Impact Of Transcription And Nucleoid-Associated Proteins On Dna Supercoiling In Escherichia Coli And Salmonella Typhimurium, Andrews Agbleke Jan 2013

The Impact Of Transcription And Nucleoid-Associated Proteins On Dna Supercoiling In Escherichia Coli And Salmonella Typhimurium, Andrews Agbleke

All ETDs from UAB

Bacterial chromosomes are maintained under constant negative supercoiled stress that influences almost all cellular processes including DNA replication, transcription, segregation, site-specific and homologous recombination, and other DNA transposition. The average supercoiling density of the chromosome is generated by gyrase, and supercoil equilibrium is maintained by two other topoisomerases topo I and topo IV. The supercoils generated by gyrase can diffuse over 10 kb domains. The other half of the chromosome's supercoil structure is connected to abundant nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs). My goal was to characterize factors other than gyrase that participate in generating or regulating supercoil dynamics in Escherichia coli and …

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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein Gm And The Membrane Associated Protein Ul11 Are Required For Virus-Induced Cell Fusion And Efficient Virus Entry, In Joong Kim Jan 2013

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein Gm And The Membrane Associated Protein Ul11 Are Required For Virus-Induced Cell Fusion And Efficient Virus Entry, In Joong Kim

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

HSV-1 facilitates virus entry into cells and cell-to-cell spread by mediating fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes and fusion of adjacent cellular membranes. Although virus strains isolated from herpetic lesions cause limited cell fusion in cell culture, clinical herpetic lesions typically contain large syncytia, underscoring the importance of cell-to-cell fusion in virus spread in infected tissues. Certain mutations in gB, gK, UL20 and other viral genes, drastically enhance virus-induced cell fusion in vitro and in vivo. Recent work has suggested that gB is the sole fusogenic glycoprotein, which is regulated by interactions with viral glycoproteins gD, gH/gL, gK, …

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Characterization, Prevalence, And Risk Factors Of Spontaneous And Experimental Atherosclerosis And Vascular Imaging In Psittaciformes, Hugues Beaufrère Jan 2013

Characterization, Prevalence, And Risk Factors Of Spontaneous And Experimental Atherosclerosis And Vascular Imaging In Psittaciformes, Hugues Beaufrère

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Atherosclerosis is a degenerative and inflammatory vascular disease characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells, lipids, calcium, and formation of large fibrofatty lesions within the intima of arteries resulting in the disorganization of the arterial wall and stenosis of the lumen. Despite the importance of atherosclerosis in psittacine cardiology, there are few pathologic, clinical, and experimental investigations in psittaciformes. In order to expand the knowledge on psittacine atherosclerosis and provide fundamental observational information for future research, a series of studies was conducted on psittaciformes: 1) psittacine atherosclerotic lesions were characterized and categorized based on histopathology, histochemistry, transmission (TEM), and scanning …

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Modulation Of Intrinsic Activity In Sensory Cortex Facilitates Task Performance, Aburahman Elkhetali Jan 2013

Modulation Of Intrinsic Activity In Sensory Cortex Facilitates Task Performance, Aburahman Elkhetali

All ETDs from UAB

Due to the changing demands of the environment and our behavioral intentions the brain has to adapt in order to produce task appropriate responses. Part of the challenge is the large amount of sensory information received by the brain. Depending on individu-al goals, the brain must select and react to task appropriate stimuli while ignoring other irrelevant sensory input. Since behavioral intentions are dynamic, this requires the re-sponses within the brain to also be dynamic. Cognitive control, exerted by higher centers on sensory cortex allow for selection of task relevant stimuli. In this study we find that intrinsic, non-stimulus driven …

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Hospitalists And Organizational Performance, Josué Patien Epané Jan 2013

Hospitalists And Organizational Performance, Josué Patien Epané

All ETDs from UAB

Two decades ago, a group of hospital-based physicians (hospitalists) specializing in the practice of hospital medicine were introduced in the U.S. health care system. Since then, this group of physicians has experienced an unprecedented growth. Prior studies on hospitalists have focused on benefits associated with the use of hospitalists. Compared to non-hospitalists, these studies revealed that hospitalists are more efficient as they are able to reduce length of stay and costs while achieving similar or better quality of care. However, most of these studies have been cross-sectional, limited to few hospitals, and limited to pediatric and teaching hospitals. Very little …

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Adap1 And Arf6 Mediate Regulated Secretory Trafficing In Neurosecretory Cells And Neurons, Sharday Ewell Jan 2013

Adap1 And Arf6 Mediate Regulated Secretory Trafficing In Neurosecretory Cells And Neurons, Sharday Ewell

All ETDs from UAB

ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) is a member of the Arf family of small GTPases known to function in vesicular membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal organization. Arf6 cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states, facilitated by GTP exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), respectively. In my dissertation studies I have investigated the neuronal functions of Arf6 and ADAP1, an Arf6 GAP and candidate PI 3-kinase target required for dendritic differentiation in developing neurons. I demonstrated that in neurosecretory PC12 cells and neurons, ADAP1 and Arf6 colocalize with regulated secretory granules (SGs) that traffic chromogranin B and brain-derived neurotrophic …

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Studies On Distracted Driving: Three Papers Examining The State Of The Literature And The Impact Of Texting Restrictions On Motor Vehicle Crash-Related Fatalities And Hospitalizations, Alva Oletia Ferdinand Jan 2013

Studies On Distracted Driving: Three Papers Examining The State Of The Literature And The Impact Of Texting Restrictions On Motor Vehicle Crash-Related Fatalities And Hospitalizations, Alva Oletia Ferdinand

All ETDs from UAB

ABSTRACT This three-paper dissertation addresses gaps in the literature focused on distracted driving and the impact of regulations aimed at reducing its prevalence. With the widespread proliferation of mobile phone usage and more sophisticated in-vehicle entertainment and information systems, it is now commonplace for drivers to engage in non-driving activities (also referred to as "secondary tasks") while driving. It is widely believed that distracted driving is positively related to motor vehicle crashes and other undesirable driving outcomes. This dissertation specifically focuses on three topics: (1) the nature of the distracted driving literature given the numerous secondary tasks, driving performance outcomes, …

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Photothermal Desorption Of Toluene From Single Walled Carbon Nanotube And Activated Carbon Sorbents, Evan Lee Floyd Jan 2013

Photothermal Desorption Of Toluene From Single Walled Carbon Nanotube And Activated Carbon Sorbents, Evan Lee Floyd

All ETDs from UAB

Millions of workers are occupationally exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOC) annually, requiring exposure assessments through air sampling. Reducing time to knowledge while maintaining adequate sensitivity and affordability is a constant struggle. Sorbent sampling is the preferred technique for VOC exposure assessments. Chemical desorption of sorbents is the most common desorption technique, but sensitivity is limited due to the small injection fraction. Thermal desorption has excellent sensitivity, but provides only one analysis per sample and is cost prohibitive. The goal of this dissertation was to develop a desorption technique that bridges the sensitivity gap between chemical desorption (0.1%) and thermal …

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Potential Roles Of The Immunostimulatory Signals Il-15 And Mica In Oncolytic Hsv-1 Therapy For Malignant Glioma, David Curtis Gaston Jan 2013

Potential Roles Of The Immunostimulatory Signals Il-15 And Mica In Oncolytic Hsv-1 Therapy For Malignant Glioma, David Curtis Gaston

All ETDs from UAB

Malignant gliomas are the most frequently diagnosed and the most fatal primary brain tumors. Innovative therapeutic approaches are necessary to combat these devastating cancers, and oncolytic herpes simplex virus type-1 (oHSV) deleted of the γ134.5 neurovirulence gene is a promising adjunctive therapy. The primary mechanism of tumor clearance by oHSV is lytic replication specifically within malignant cells. oHSV also stimulates tumor infiltration of cytotoxic immune effector cells that can participate in tumor clearance. However, cytotoxic immune cells target oHSV as well as tumor, which may limit therapeutic efficacy. Further knowledge regarding the nature of these interactions and how the interactions …

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The Development Of An In Vitro Surrogate Assay For Screening Protective Antibodies Against Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (Pspa), Kristopher Ruben Genschmer Jan 2013

The Development Of An In Vitro Surrogate Assay For Screening Protective Antibodies Against Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (Pspa), Kristopher Ruben Genschmer

All ETDs from UAB

PCV13 is the current pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccine made up of the 13 most clinically relevant capsular polysaccharides. While protective, it is limited to a small portion of the overall serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The possibility of "serotype replacement" by serotypes not covered by the vaccine and the high cost of producing this conjugated polysaccharide vaccine stress the need for a protein based vaccine, one that is more broad in its protection. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) has been shown to be both immunogenic and protective in mice and is a promising protein vaccine candidate. However, there are no current …

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Polymerization Shrinkage Strain Versus C-Factor And Placement Method For Dental Composites, Shashank Godbole Jan 2013

Polymerization Shrinkage Strain Versus C-Factor And Placement Method For Dental Composites, Shashank Godbole

All ETDs from UAB

Polymerization shrinkage is an important property when restoring teeth with dental composites since resins shrink during polymerization creating stress and strain around the restoration. This may produce failure at the composite-tooth interface. This leads to marginal gaps, staining, post-operative sensitivity, secondary caries, and crack development within the body of a tooth. It is critical to be able to measure polymerization strain produced during composite polymerization. Objective: To measure and compare the polymerization shrinkage strain of various bulk and incrementally placed composites using a novel and recently developed model with different C-factors. Methods: Teflon molds were used to prepare Z100 composite …

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Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In Classic Rett Syndrome., Kathrine Clova Grigsby Jan 2013

Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In Classic Rett Syndrome., Kathrine Clova Grigsby

All ETDs from UAB

Introduction: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a genetic, neurodevelopmental disorder that displays high incidence of growth failure, variations in body composition, feeding/gastrointestinal complications, and undernutrition. The ongoing Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDNCRN) Rett Syndrome Natural History Research Project has yielded observations regarding the less recognized occurrence of overnutrition in adult females with classic Rett syndrome. The purpose of this study was the determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity in children and young adults with classic Rett syndrome, the percent overweight and obese among adults with classic Rett syndrome, and to determine if the prevalence of overnutrition increases after the puberty years …

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The Burden Of Chronic Conditions On Self Reported Health Status In A Medicare Advantage Plan Population, Barbara Ann Guerard Jan 2013

The Burden Of Chronic Conditions On Self Reported Health Status In A Medicare Advantage Plan Population, Barbara Ann Guerard

All ETDs from UAB

THE BURDEN OF CHRONIC CONDITIONS ON SELF REPORTED HEALTH STATUS IN A MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PLAN POPULATION BARBARA GUERARD ADMINISTRATION-HEALTH SERVICES ABSTRACT This dissertation was a multi-staged research study with two goals. The first goal was to assess survey respondents' characteristics to better understand the influence of the characteristics on the validity of self-reported survey responses. Second, the study analyzed the relationship between certain chronic conditions and survey participants' responses to questions related to their overall physical health and mental health to further understand the burden of chronic conditions on self- reported survey responses. Secondary data derived from a patient satisfaction …

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Impact Of Quality Performance On Financial Risk And Cost Of Capital In Hospitals, James D. Byrd Jan 2013

Impact Of Quality Performance On Financial Risk And Cost Of Capital In Hospitals, James D. Byrd

All ETDs from UAB

This study evaluated the relationship of hospital quality of care as measured by mortality scores to hospital cost of capital as represented by average cost of debt. A composite mortality score (weighted average of Hospital Compare's risk adjusted mortality rate for each hospital) was regressed against the hospitals' average cost of debt using OLS and the Stata 11 robust clustering function to adjust for repeated occurrences of hospitals across years. The data base consisted of acute care hospitals with interest expense observed over the three year period 2008 - 2010 (n=3420). Control variables included a number of hospital characteristic (e.g., …

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O-Linked Beta-N-Acetylglucosamine (O-Glcnac) And The Mitochondrion, Christopher Calderon Jan 2013

O-Linked Beta-N-Acetylglucosamine (O-Glcnac) And The Mitochondrion, Christopher Calderon

All ETDs from UAB

O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic and ubiquitous posttranslational modification of serine and threonine residues on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. O-GlcNAc has emerged as an important regulator of cellular processes such as cell signaling, transcription, translation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation, among others. O-GlcNAc is thought to be a contributor to pathologies such as hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. O-GlcNAc has been viewed as an indicator of cellular energy levels and is associated with diabetic complications under nutrient excess. Other studies have shown that a variety of stress stimuli increase the levels of protein O-GlcNAc in mammalian cells, and this increase …

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Experience-Dependent Synaptic Integration Of Adult-Generated Dentate Granule Cells, Jessica Hotard Chancey Jan 2013

Experience-Dependent Synaptic Integration Of Adult-Generated Dentate Granule Cells, Jessica Hotard Chancey

All ETDs from UAB

The dentate gyrus (DG) contains neural stem cells that continually generate new neurons throughout life. The contribution of adult neurogenesis to hippocampal function is not well understood, but ablation or silencing of adult-generated neurons in the DG disrupts learning and memory, and neurogenesis is altered in many pathologies associated with impaired cognition including Alzheimer's Disease, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. Neurogenesis in the DG is a stepwise process in which neural stem cells leave the cell cycle and undergo an approximately two month long maturation process to form fully functional dentate granule cells (GCs) that are indistinguishable from those formed during development. …

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Hospital Financial Performance: A Look At Governance And Hit Strategies, Taleah Collum Jan 2013

Hospital Financial Performance: A Look At Governance And Hit Strategies, Taleah Collum

All ETDs from UAB

Taken together, the purpose of the three papers included in this dissertation is to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between strategies employed by hospital managers and hospital financial performance. The findings of these studies are important to managers as they search for ways to sustain and improve hospital financial performance in light of environmental changes that have taken place over the last three decades. The results of this dissertation suggest that to improve financial performance hospital leaders (e.g. management, board of directors) should choose strategies that are more amenable to their control. Specifically, having BOD members that are independent …

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Comparison Of Fabricated Carbon Nanotube Sorbent Felts And 3m Charcoal Sorbent Wafers To Assess Passive Sampling, Samantha Connell Jan 2013

Comparison Of Fabricated Carbon Nanotube Sorbent Felts And 3m Charcoal Sorbent Wafers To Assess Passive Sampling, Samantha Connell

All ETDs from UAB

Passive air sampling is the preferred method of air sampling for many applications. Traditionally, this method uses activated charcoal as the sorbent and samples are analyzed by chemical or thermal desorption. This research explores the use of carbon nanotubes in the form of a felt as a sorbent for passive sampling by comparing the mass uptake and percent yield to that of the 3MTM Organic Vapor Monitor (OVM) 3500 over four time trials. The desorption efficiency, adsorption capacity, and mass uptake of the fabricated felts are very similar to the 3MTM OVM 3500. It was expected that the fabricated felts …

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Structure-Function Analysis Of Tyrosyl-Dna Phosphodiesterase I, Evan Comeaux Jan 2013

Structure-Function Analysis Of Tyrosyl-Dna Phosphodiesterase I, Evan Comeaux

All ETDs from UAB

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp1) functions to remove 3'phospho-DNA adducts, such as eukaryotic DNA Topoisomerase I (Top1) covalently bound to the DNA by a 3'phospho-tyrosyl bond. As member of the Phospholipase D superfamily Tdp1 contains two HxK(n)N motifs, each of which provide a catalytic histidine: one functioning as a nucleophile to bind the 3'phosphate and the other as a general acid/base to hydrolyze Tdp1's 3'phospho-histidyl bond. Mutation of the general acid/base catalytic histidine (Hisgab) to arginine has been implicated in the autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease SCAN1. Further study of the yeast enzyme revealed that substitution of Hisgab in yeast Tdp1 to …

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Understanding The Function And Regulation Of Eukaryotic Release Factor 1, Erf1, Sara Elisabeth Conard Jan 2013

Understanding The Function And Regulation Of Eukaryotic Release Factor 1, Erf1, Sara Elisabeth Conard

All ETDs from UAB

Translation termination is an essential eukaryotic process that facilitates the end of protein synthesis and mediates the release of the nascent peptide chain. Two release factors, eRF1 and eRF3, with the help of a ribosome recycling factor assist in this process. eRF1 and eRF3 form a stable complex through conserved regions in their C-terminal domains. The eRF1/eRF3 complex, along with GTP, is absolutely vital for efficient termination in vitro and in vivo. The role of eRF1 during translation termination is to recognize the stop codon located in the ribosome aminoacyl site, stimulate GTP hydrolysis of eRF3 and enable peptide release …

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Blood Pressure Control And Perceived Stress, Job Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction, And Perceived Health Status In Municipal Workers, Debra D. Baldwin Jan 2013

Blood Pressure Control And Perceived Stress, Job Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction, And Perceived Health Status In Municipal Workers, Debra D. Baldwin

All ETDs from UAB

Although hypertension is highly prevalent, associated with serious health consequences and treatable, fewer than half of those with hypertension have achieved blood pressure control (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011b). Limited studies have examined the influence of perceived stress, job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and perceived health status may have on blood pressure control, although epidemiological evidence reveals psychological factors can mediate and negatively influence health behavior leading to hypertension (Blanchflower & Oswald, 2008; Kulkarni, Farrel, Erasi, & Kochar, 1998; Walcott-McQuigg, 2000). The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, and blood pressure control …

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The Relationship Of Maternal Depressive Symptoms Among First Time Adolescent And Adult Mothers And Their Safe Parenting Practices And Child Injuries, Angela Warren Baumann Jan 2013

The Relationship Of Maternal Depressive Symptoms Among First Time Adolescent And Adult Mothers And Their Safe Parenting Practices And Child Injuries, Angela Warren Baumann

All ETDs from UAB

Maternal depressive symptoms have been associated with deficits in parenting practices that protect children from injuries; however, few studies have been conducted to examine these relationships. Using data from a multisite longitudinal study of 252 first-time mothers, the relationships between the use of safe parenting practices and maternal depressive symptoms was examined, taking into account mother's resources (as defined by age and education level) and race at five time points during the first 3 years of the child's life. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Measures of maternal depressive symptoms, safe parenting practices (use of car seat, …

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Adapter Based Strategies For Adenovirus Vector Retargeting To T Lymphocytes, Matthew S. Beatty Jan 2013

Adapter Based Strategies For Adenovirus Vector Retargeting To T Lymphocytes, Matthew S. Beatty

All ETDs from UAB

Adenoviruses are the most commonly used gene therapy vector for cancer therapy clinical trials. While adenovirus has shown a great track record in a variety of cancer therapeutics it has not progressed as a vector system for the modification of T lymphocytes. One of the major roadblocks towards utilizing adenovirus for T cell therapy is the lack of coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor on the cell surface of T cell lineages. Exploitation of alternative receptors has allowed adenovirus vectors to be utilized in a variety of cell types that native adenovirus type 5 cannot infect. Thus, retargeting adenovirus to an …

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The Role Of Il-21 And Il-17 In Regulating Follicular T Helper Cells In Germinal Center Response Of Autoimmunity, Yanna Ding Jan 2013

The Role Of Il-21 And Il-17 In Regulating Follicular T Helper Cells In Germinal Center Response Of Autoimmunity, Yanna Ding

All ETDs from UAB

Overreactivity of the germinal center (GC) is a central feature of autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are the primary T helper subset that migrates to the incipient GC and forms close contacts with GC-B cells to promote GC formation and help GC-B cell differentiation, resulting in high-affinity antibody production. Increased levels of interleukin (IL)-21 and aberrant accumulation or function of Tfh cells have been associated with autoimmune disease severity in humans and lupus-prone mice. Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are the regulatory T cell subset that also localizes in the GC and inhibits GC B cell differentiation. …

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Development Of Skin Hypopigmentation In A Patient With Metastatic Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid Treated With Sorafenib., Syed Zubair Hussain, Ali Asghar, Mubasher Ikram, Najmul Islam Jan 2013

Development Of Skin Hypopigmentation In A Patient With Metastatic Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid Treated With Sorafenib., Syed Zubair Hussain, Ali Asghar, Mubasher Ikram, Najmul Islam

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Background: Sorafenib can be considered as the effective option of treatment in patients with metastatic radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancers. The cutaneous manifestations of Sorafenib include rash, desquamation, hand foot skin reactions, pruritus, alopecia and erythema. We report the first case of hypopigmentation related to sorafenib therapy. Case presentation: We report the case of a middle aged gentleman with metastatic papillary carcinoma of thyroid diagnosed in 2005. He was managed with total thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine and TSH suppressive therapy. Despite receiving radioactive iodine 530 mci cumulative dose, patient had persistant disease with lung metastasis. Therefore a TKI, sorafenib, was started. …

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Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis In A Patient With Keloid Over Ear Lobule, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Sadaf Qadeer Ahmed, Montasir Junaid, Muhammad Rizwan Bashir Jan 2013

Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis In A Patient With Keloid Over Ear Lobule, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Sadaf Qadeer Ahmed, Montasir Junaid, Muhammad Rizwan Bashir

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem with predominance in resource-poor countries. Extrapulmonary TB constitutes approximately 10% of the cases and can present as different forms depending on the route of entry. Cutaneous TB is a small subset of the extrapulmonary TB. Cutaneous TB can either be of primary origin or secondary origin or it can be a part of a systemic infection. TB verrucosa cutis (TBVC) is the exogenous reinfection of TB in a previously sensitised patient. Routine cultures do not have a high yield in TBVC due to the paucibacillary nature of the organism. Here we are presenting …

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Harnessing The Power Of The Grassroots To Conduct Public Health Research In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study From Western Kenya In The Adaptation Of Community-Based Participatory Research (Cbpr) Approaches, Allan Kamanda, Lonnie Embleton, David Ayuku, Lukoye Atwoli, Peter Gisore, Samuel Ayaya, Rachel Vreeman, Paula Braitstein Jan 2013

Harnessing The Power Of The Grassroots To Conduct Public Health Research In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study From Western Kenya In The Adaptation Of Community-Based Participatory Research (Cbpr) Approaches, Allan Kamanda, Lonnie Embleton, David Ayuku, Lukoye Atwoli, Peter Gisore, Samuel Ayaya, Rachel Vreeman, Paula Braitstein

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a collaborative approach to research that involves the equitable participation of those affected by an issue. As the field of global public health grows, the potential of CBPR to build capacity and to engage communities in identification of problems and development and implementation of solutions in sub-Saharan Africa has yet to be fully tapped. The Orphaned and Separated Children’s Assessments Related to their Health and Well-Being (OSCAR) project is a longitudinal cohort of orphaned and non-orphaned children in Kenya. This paper will describe how CBPR approaches and principles can be incorporated and adapted into …

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Epigenetic Markers In The Developing Postnatal Brain, Rebecca Kaye Simmons Jan 2013

Epigenetic Markers In The Developing Postnatal Brain, Rebecca Kaye Simmons

All ETDs from UAB

Epigenetic mechanisms provide a critical and plausible mechanism by which genes and the environment can interact and have been implicated in a number of diseases and disorders. In order to better understand how epigenetic mechanisms go awry in a diseased brain we must first understand how epigenetic mechanisms unfold during normal development. The present body of work begins to examine the role of DNA methylation in normal development and how it may contribute to a rodent model of emotion dysfunction. Using a variety of techniques, we evaluated the transcript, protein and functional output levels of DNA methyltransferase1, -3a, and -3b …

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Host Genetic Factors Associated With Cervical Human Papillomavirus Clearance, Staci Lynn Sudenga Jan 2013

Host Genetic Factors Associated With Cervical Human Papillomavirus Clearance, Staci Lynn Sudenga

All ETDs from UAB

This dissertation research focuses on how variants in various host genes are associated with clearance of HPV in three longitudinal cohorts from the United States. I first examined the definition of the intermediate phenotype to cervical cancer, HPV persistence and then I incorporated this phenotype in all my three aims by examining variations in xenobiotic metabolism genes in HIV-1 negative and immune-related genes in HIV-1 positive females and how these contribute to HPV infection outcomes. Several significant variants were associated with HPV clearance for the three aims. For the first aim, in ALTS assessing functional variants within xenobiotic metabolism genes …

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