Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Quality Of Long-Term Care In Medicare-And Medicaid-Certified Nursing Homes In Southwest Ohio, Cheng Wu Zhang

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Long-term care facilities provide a wide range of services over a sustained period of time to people of all ages with functional limitations and chronic conditions. Nursing homes provide 24 hour nursing care support and long-term housing.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among nursing home ownership, care processes and quality outcomes in Medicare- and Medicaid-certified nursing homes in Ohio.

Methods: This is a descriptive study that uses the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) Minimum Data Set (MDS). There were 198 Medicare and Medicaid certified nursing homes located in Southwest Ohio included …

Walkability Of Campus Communities Surrounding Wright State University, Andrew M. Ford

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The purpose of this study was to assess the walkability of the community surrounding the Wright State University (WSU) campus using the Postsecondary Education Campus Walkability/Bikeability Semantic-Differential Assessment Instrument. Path safety, path quality and path temperature control were the three categories measured using twelve separate criteria. Thirty-four path segments were assessed in three distinct areas surrounding WSU campus; 29 segments were assessed during the day and five segments were assessed at night. The overall walkability score of the campus community was 66.2% or an average grade of C. No path segments scored above 85% and six path segments scored below …

Human-Centered Automation As Effective Work Design, Amy R. Pritchett, Karen M. Feigh

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

This paper describes how the challenge of human-centered automation can be recast as the challenge of, first, designing the work performed by a team of agents and then, second, allocating this work amongst all the agents, human and automated, in support of their own needs and capabilities and to foster team goals. The paper starts by formally describing the construct of work as a structure which can be formally analyzed and around which other design decisions can be made. It then reviews the requirements of effective function allocation within a team to enable their collective taskwork, and to provide the …

Effects Of Airport Tower Controller Decision-Support Tool On Controllers’ Head-Up Time, Miwa Hayashi, Jose M. Cruz Lopez

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Visually monitoring aircraft traffic outside the window is an important part of tower controllers’ tasks. Introducing new controller decision-support tools in the tower may increase or decrease their head-up time. The present study investigates the effect of NASA’s Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA) tool on controllers’ head-up time. A small video camera was mounted on controllers’ heads to measure their head-movement activities during simulated tower operations with or without the SARDA advisories. Simple, pixel-color-based classification algorithms were able to achieve reasonably high accuracy of head-up detection in the training video frames (91% on average). The results showed that the …

Applying The Compliance-Reliance Model To System-Wide Trust Theory In An Aviation Task, Casey Tunstall, Kasha Geels-Blair, Stephen Rice

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Diagnostic automation is frequently used to assist pilots. Despite extensive research on trust in automation, multiple automation research is sparse. Two recent studies focused on effects of trust in multiple automation using system-wide trust (SWT) theory (Keller & Rice, 2010; Rice & Geels, 2010). According to SWT, operators treat multiple aids as one entity, rather than separate entities; an unreliable aid negatively affects trust in nearby aids. We combined SWT with Meyer’s (2001, 2004) compliance-reliance model in order to show whether contagion effects of FAs and misses differ. Participants monitored 8 gauges for system failures. Each gauge had an automated …

Transferring Human Factors Knowledge From Aviation To Development Of A Warning System For Landslide, Ioana Koglbauer, Guenter Hohenberger, Christian Steger

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

There is a successful history of transferring knowledge from aviation to other domains such as medicine (Thomas & Helmreich, 2002). In this study the ICAO multistage alerting service (2008) served as model for the specification of an early warning system for landslide. The early warning system is designed to monitor mass-movement data provided by GPS sensors, and to generate warnings and alarms to the National Alarm- and Warning Center of Styria, Austria. For the human factors specification of the new system a qualitative analysis was performed. Results are discussed with regard to applicability of human factors guidelines from aviation to …

Enhancing Military Helicopter Pilot Assistant System Through Resource Adaptive Dialogue Management, Felix Maiwald, Axel Schulte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Assistant systems investigated today are beneficial in principle, but may induce additional load for the pilot, especially if the system intervenes at a time when the human has no more free cognitive resources to adopt the offered support. This article describes an approach how to enable a knowledge-based pilots’ assistant system in the domain of military helicopter missions to interact with the pilot by resource adaptive dialogue management. To minimize the automation induced additional load for the pilot, the assistant system estimates the pilots’ residual mental capacity and furthermore the current cognitive workliad in the first step. This assessment enables …

Tracking And Visuospatial Working Memory, Robin Langerak, Chris M. Herdman, James Howell Ba

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The present research examines the role of visuospatial working memory in supporting pursuit tracking. Participants completed a pursuit motor tracking task while simultaneously completing secondary tasks designed to separately place demands on either storage or processing in visuospatial working memory. The results show that simple pursuit tracking utilizes visuospatial processing in working memory without a strong requirement for visuospatial storage. These findings have implications for understanding time-sharing of tasks in the cockpit.

Flight Deck Models Of Workload And Multi-Tasking: An Overview Of Validation, Christopher D. Wickens, Angelia Sebok

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

We review 24 computational modeling efforts of pilot multi-task performance and workload, to describe the manner in which they model three different aspects of pilot performance: the complexity of effort, the complexity of time management and the complexity of multiple resource interference. We then discuss the degree of validation of these models, and the validity of the context in which they are validated.

Reducing Aggressive Responses To Tcas: Evaluation Of A Tcas Training Program, Elizabeth S. Fleming, Amy R. Pritchett, Vlad M. Popescu, William P. Cleveland

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is an aircraft collision avoidance system designed to prevent mid-air collisions. While responding to a TCAS advisory is generally the safe course of action, instances of overly aggressive responses have resulted in injuries to crew members and passengers as well as disruptions in air traffic operations. However, current training standards do not address the need to mitigate overly aggressive responses. This paper details the design and evaluation of a training program for TCAS which incorporated a learning objective related to mitigating aggressive responses to advisories. The impact of the training program was …

Nextgen Operational Improvements: Will They Improve Human Performance, Bettina L. Beard, James C. Johnston, Jon Holbrook

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Modernization of the National Airspace System depends critically on the development of advanced technology, including cutting-edge automation, controller decision-support tools and integrated on-demand information. The Next Generation Air Transportation System national plan envisions air traffic control tower automation that proposes solutions for seven problems: 1) departure metering, 2) taxi routing, 3) taxi and runway scheduling, 4) departure runway assignments, 5) departure flow management, 6) integrated arrival and departure scheduling and 7) runway configuration management. Government, academia and industry are simultaneously pursuing the development of these capabilities. For each capability, the development process typically begins by assessing its potential benefits, and …

Identifying The Impact Of Nextgen On The Job Of Air Traffic Control Specialists In The Mid-Term, Emily Baumann, Kelley J. Krokos, Cheryl Hendrickson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

By leveraging existing and new technology, the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is proposed to support significant increases in both capacity and efficiency of the National Airspace System (NAS). In the decade that has passed since NextGen was mandated by Congress, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has made great progress in identifying the specific technologies, automation, and procedures (i.e., NextGen Drivers) necessary to support the desired increases. American Institutes for Research (AIR) describes its strategic job analysis, which was designed to identify the NextGen Drivers that are proposed to be implemented by the NextGen Mid-Term (2018), and to evaluate …

South African Airline Pilots’ Perceptions Of Advanced Flight Deck Automation, Dr. Preven Naidoo

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

This article reports on the construction of the Automation Attitude Questionnaire (AAQ), to assess airline pilots’ perceptions about operating advanced automated aircraft. A total of 262 airline pilots from a large South African carrier participated in the validation of the questionnaire. A five-factor measurement model was established by using exploratory factor analysis. The five factors associated with perceptions of advanced automated systems were labelled as: Comprehension, Training, Trust, Workload, and Design. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and the mean inter-item correlation of each factor were highly satisfactory and confirmed the homogeneity and unidimensionality of the five-factor solution for the AAQ.

Adaptive Controller Adaptation Time And Available Control Authority Effects On Piloting, Anna Trujillo, Dr. Irene Gregory

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Adaptive control is considered for highly uncertain, and potentially unpredictable, flight dynamics characteristic of adverse conditions. This experiment looked at how adaptive controller adaptation time to recover nominal aircraft dynamics affects pilots and how pilots want information about available control authority transmitted. Results indicate that an adaptive controller that takes three seconds to adapt helped pilots when looking at lateral and longitudinal errors. The controllability ratings improved with the adaptive controller, again the most for the three seconds adaptation time while workload decreased with the adaptive controller. The effects of the displays showing the percentage amount of available safe flight …

Man-Machine Symbiosis In Aviation: New Risks And Capabilities In View Of Information Technology Expansion, Oleksandr Petrenko

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The paper examines possibility of the impact of modern technology on the manmachine symbiosis in aviation. Presented some data concerning the perception of a pilots in a highly automated cockpit. The first results of empirical research make it possible to assume that aircraft systems can be customized to adjust to individual typological characteristics of operators. The paper discusses the language modality perspectives of a man-machine interaction. Creating modern sociotechnical systems aimed at a human at a completely new level has special requirements to an integration of designer and operational psychological outlooks.

Assessing The Efficacy Of Situation Awareness Probe Questions For Predicting Airtraffic- Management Performance, James D. Miles, Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Dan Chiappe, Thomas Strybel, Vernol Battiste

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

We conducted an exploratory data analysis as a step toward modeling components of SA. It was based on data collected from situation awareness probe questions that were used in large-scale air traffic control simulations over 5 semesters of an ATC radar internship in the Center for Human Factors in Advanced Aeronautics Technologies (CHAAT). Three components of SA were generated by a principal component analysis that we label “Action Relevant,” “Distance R and “Low Priority.” The analyses provide a data-driven scheme for categorizing probes relate SA that can be used in future evaluations of NextGen concepts and technologies.

A Situation Awareness Design Approach To The Position Of Airline Maintenance Control In A Simulated Operations Control Center, Durant Camron Bridges Iii

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Research is being conducted at mid-sized public university regarding the collaborative team efforts of aviation students in a simulated airline control center. The students employ coordinated problem solving efforts toward disruption management and schedule optimization. Although the focus of this research is communication of the decision support systems, the design of the Maintenance Control position is discussed at length. The Maintenance Controller(s) communicate with all positions, as well as departments located outside the center’s physical location that may and may not be accessed by other participants. This position is one of the most vital and engaging in the simulation, and …

High Fidelity Simulation And Aviation Training To Improve Problem Solving Skills And Coordination, Andrea M. Georgiou, Paul C. Carlson, Paul A. Craig

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

As part of an ongoing collaborative project, a high fidelity simulation lab was developed to address teamwork deficiencies exhibited by newly minted aviation professionals. This lab, referred to as the Flight Operations Center-Unified Simulation (FOCUS) lab, was enhanced with greater fidelity, realistic and complex scenario triggers, and robust after action reviews. Student teams participate in a simulated work shift to further improve problem solving skills and coordination among senior-level undergraduate students.

The Effectiveness Of Microsoft Flight Simulator As A Training Aid For Private Pilot Training And Proficiency, Wendy S. Beckman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The debate regarding the effectiveness of computer-based software for pilot training and proficiency has been ongoing since such software first became available. While studies on the efficacy of such software have been and continue to be conducted, pilots are in large number utilizing such packages. A nationwide survey was conducted to determine how the Microsoft Flight Simulator (MFS) software package is being used by pilots for both initial private pilot training and for maintaining proficiency once certificated. Over 650 survey respondents evaluated the effectiveness of MFS in 14 areas of pilot operations. It was found that over 40% of respondents …

Nasa Nextgen Flightdeck Research: A Database Of Research Areas And Results, Kathleen L. Mosier, Alec Munc, Kendra Reich, Danielle Fox, James Swarts, Linda Tomko, Matthew O'Neill, Kerry Cunningham

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

This article contains an introduction to a database created to capture important NASA or NASA-sponsored research related to NextGen flightdeck issues and operations. Documents are products of NASA’s Airspace and Aviation Safety Program efforts to identify and resolve flightdeck human factors issues in NextGen, challenges to efficient operations, key areas in which technological advances are predicted to facilitate NextGen operations, research findings that can be used to develop NextGen procedures, and the potential impacts of off-nominal events.

Evaluating Patients’ Attitudes Towards Being Assessed And Treated By Undergraduate Physiotherapy Students In A Rehabilitation Centre, Kathy Stiller, Marissa Sorich, Kate Roberts

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Clinical placements are an important component in the education of students who are training in the healthcare professions. The degree of patient satisfaction with being assessed and treated by healthcare students is also important as part of the overall evaluation of healthcare and student outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate inpatients’ attitudes towards being assessed and treated by undergraduate physiotherapy students at one rehabilitation centre in Australia. Method: Sixty-one of 69 eligible inpatients completed a purpose-designed survey. Analyses were descriptive in nature. Results: Overall, high levels of satisfaction were demonstrated, including the process of consent, the …

Attitudes And Barriers Towards Engaging In Continuing Professional Development Among Clinical Physiotherapists In Ghana, Ajediran I. Bello, Ivy G. Lawson

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programmes are important components of professional training to maintain competence. There is insufficient information regarding physiotherapists’ participation in CPD activities in Ghana. This study aimed to provide insight into the engagement, attitude, and barriers towards CPD activities among Ghanaian physiotherapists. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study involved 50 clinical physiotherapists who were registered with the Ghana Association of Physiotherapists. A validated questionnaire that contained 34 open and closed-ended items was adapted from an existing tool to gather information from the participants. The questionnaire sought information on biodata, clinical practice issues, engagement, attitudes, and barriers regarding CPD. …

Psychologists And Medications In The Era Of Interprofessional Care: Collaboration Is Less Problematic And Costly Than Prescribing, William N. Robiner, Tim R. Tumlin, Tanya Tompkins

Faculty Publications

Increasing emphasis on interprofessionalism and teamwork in healthcare renders psychologists’ collaborations critical and invites reexamination of psychologists’ roles related to medications. The Collaboration Level outlined by the APA’s Ad Hoc Task Force is more achievable and in synch with health reform than prescription privileges (RxP). RxP remains controversial due to training and safety concerns, lacking support from health professionals, psychologists, and consumers. Differences in educational preparation of psychologists relative to prescribing professionals are discussed. Enactment of only three of 170 RxP initiatives reveals RxP to be a costly, ineffectual agenda. Alternatives (e.g., integrated care, collaboration, telehealth) increase access without risks …

Virtual Collaboration In The Online Educational Setting: A Concept Analysis, Henny Breen

Faculty Publications

This study was designed to explore the concept of virtual collaboration within the context of an online learning environment in an academic setting. Rodgers’ method of evolutionary concept analysis was used to provide a contextual view of the concept to identify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of virtual collaboration. Commonly used terms to describe virtual collaboration are collaborative and cooperative learning, group work, group interaction, group learning and teamwork. A constructivist pedagogy, group-based process with a shared purpose, support and web-based technology are required for virtual collaboration to take place. Consequences of virtual collaboration are higher order thinking and learning to …

The Adjustment Of Asian American Families To The U.S. Context: The Ecology Of Strengths And Stress, Yan Ruth Xia

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

The number of Asian American families is on the rise. Asian American families are a diverse group. This chapter focuses on Asian American families that migrated to the United States in the last three decades. This chapter challenges the media’s depiction of them as a Model Minority. Because of this stereotype, many challenges that this group encounters may not gain adequate attention. The chapter examines their strengths and resiliency, along with the ecology of stress that influences family dynamics.

Correlates Of Past Year Dental Health Visits Among Black Men: From The Black Men's Health Study Of Indiana, Shauna Spring Stapleton

Open Access Theses

Objective: This study aimed to examine correlates of past year dental health visits among Black Men of Indiana.

Methods: A 2011 health needs assessment was taken from a convenience sample of 1,444 Black men from 12 Indiana counties. Participants represented a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds. Utilizing logistic regression analysis, compensating for clustering by county, predisposing and enabling factors were explored to determine their correlation to dental health visits within the previous year. Predisposing factors included age, sex, marital status, educational level, and employment status. Enabling factors included household income level, health insurance, place of sick care, smoking status, self-rated …

Engaging With First Responders To Prevent Falls In Older Adults, Ted Peterson, Ruth Ramsey, Monica Fernandez, Anita Hin, Chelsea Prado, Patricia Reyes

Collected Faculty Scholarship

In order to further explore the circumstances of falls in the City of Novato’s older adults age 60 and over Novato Fire Protection District (NFPD) partnered with Dominican University Occupational Therapy Department to conduct a study with the support of County of Marin Mental Health Services Act funds. The following were the goals of this study:

1. Identify fall risk factors in community-dwelling older adults.
2. Understand the experiences of older adults who have fallen.
3. Determine whether there is a relationship between falls and depression in older adults.
4. Examine first responder experiences with fall-related calls in older adults.
5. Identify approaches to prevent …

Vlincrnas Controlled By Retroviral Elements Are A Hallmark Of Pluripotency And Cancer, Georges St. Laurent, Dmitry Shtokalo, Biao Dong, Michael R. Tackett, Xiaoxuan Fan, Sandra Lazorthes, Estelle Nicolas, Nianli Sang, Timothy J. Triche, Timothy A. Mccaffrey, Wendiong Xiao, Philipp Kapranov

Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

The function of the non-coding portion of the human genome remains one of the most important questions of our time. Its vast complexity is exemplified by the recent identification of an unusual and notable component of the transcriptome - very long intergenic non-coding RNAs, termed vlincRNAs.

Results

Here we identify 2,147 vlincRNAs covering 10 percent of our genome. We show they are present not only in cancerous cells, but also in primary cells and normal human tissues, and are controlled by canonical promoters. Furthermore, vlincRNA promoters frequently originate from within endogenous retroviral sequences. Strikingly, the number of vlincRNAs expressed …

Procalcitonin Beyond The Acute Phase: Novel Biomediator Properties?, Carolina Panico, Eric S. Nylen

Medicine Faculty Publications

Since inflammation has been linked to carcinogenic events, discovery of relevant biomarkers may have important preventative implications. Procalcitonin (ProCT) has been shown to be an important prognostic biomarker in severe inflammatory conditions, but there is no data regarding its biomarker role, if any, beyond the acute phase. In a recent study published in BMC Medicine, Cotoi et al. analyzed whether serum ProCT levels in healthy individuals are associated with mortality outcomes. The results are affirmative in that baseline ProCT was shown to be strongly and independently associated with all-cause and cancer mortality and with the incidence of colon …

Bone-Targeted Therapies In Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Evolving Paradigms, Joelle El-Amm, Ashley Freeman, Nihar Patel, Jeanny B. Aragon-Ching

Medicine Faculty Publications

Majority of patients with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) develop bone metastases which results in significant morbidity and mortality as a result of skeletal-related events (SREs). Several bone-targeted agents are either in clinical use or in development for prevention of SREs. Bisphosphonates were the first class of drugs investigated for prevention of SREs and zoledronic acid is the only bisphosphonate that is FDA-approved for this indication. Another bone-targeted agent is denosumab which is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the RANK-L thereby inhibiting RANK-L mediated bone resorption. While several radiopharmaceuticals were approved for pain palliation in mCRPC …