Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Prevalence And Genotype Distribution Of Hpv In Cytology Specimens Containing Atypical Glandular Cells: A Case Control Study, Sarah B. Namugenyi, Michael J. Balsan, Sara N. Glick, Jeanne A. Jordan

GW Research Days 2013

Introduction: Although the incidence of squamous cell cervical cancers in the U.S. has markedly declined over time with the introduction of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, the incidence of glandular cell cancers has increased. The sensitivity of detecting lesions containing abnormal glandular cells is much lower than that for lesions containing abnormal squamous cells. While AGC-grade cytology results represent <1% of all Pap test results reported annually in the U.S., up to 40% of them represent a corresponding high-grade lesion on the followup biopsy. Guidelines for managing AGC-grade cytology released in 2006 by the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology include HPV testing. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV in AGC-grade liquid-based cytology (LBC) specimens compared to control specimens negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM).

Methods: Quest Diagnostics provided de-identified case and control LBC specimens. Cases were women with AGC-grade LBC specimens collected between 2007- 2012. Controls were a sample of women with NILM-grade LBC specimens collected between 2011-2012. DNA was extracted from LBC specimens using the …

Vaccination Of Balb/C Mice With The Na-Apr-1 M74 Hookworm Vaccine Generates Neutralizing Antibodies And A Potent Immune Response, Amar R. Jariwala, Xi Chen, Mark S. Pearson, Brian Keegan, Jill B. Brelsford, Jordan L. Plieskatt, Bin Zhan, Alex Loukas, Peter Hotez, Jeffrey M. Bethony

GW Research Days 2013

BACKGROUND

Human Hookworm Infection, a neglected tropical disease infects more than 600 million people around the world. Hookworms ingest hemoglobin containing erythrocytes and Necator americanus Aspartic Protease-1 wild type (Na-APR-1wt) a hemoglobinase cleaves hemoglobin to form Heme and Globin. Globin is further digested by other gut enzymes and the nutritional products are absorbed by the hookworm’s gut wall. Also, Heme which is toxic to hookworm is detoxified by the Necator americanus Glutathione Transferase-1 (Na-GST-1); a detoxification enzyme secreted by the gut of the hookworm. Necator americanus Aspartic Protease-1 M74 (Na-APR-1 M74) is a new …

Novel Neutralizing Antibody Assays For Recombinant Human Hookworm Na-Gst-1 Vaccine, Xi Chen, Brian Keegan, Peter J. Hotez, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Amar R. Jariwala

GW Research Days 2013

BACKGROUND

Necator Americanus, a human hookworm causes approximately 85% of the global hookworm infections. Hookworm ingest hemoglobin containing erythrocytes. Hemoglobin is further digested to Heme and Globin by hookworm's gut enzymes. Iron-containing Heme is a potent enzyme inhibitor and generates toxic reactive oxygen species which is toxic to hookworms. Hookworm's gut enzyme Na-GST-1 (Necator Americanus Glutathione S-Transferase-1) has been hypothesized to detoxify Heme. Na-GST-1 adjuvanted with Alhydrogel® is a new vaccine which is currently under clinical development. Na-GST-1 has two active sites, the ligand binding or Heme detoxification site (H-site) and the catalytic active glutathione binding …

A Comparative Study Of The Standard Prenatal Care In Nicaragua To Standard United States Prenatal Care, Lynsa Minh Nguyen

GW Research Days 2013

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and cost effectiveness of the standard prenatal care offered in Nicaragua and the United States.

METHODS: In a comparative study of standard prenatal care in Nicaragua with the prenatal care in the U.S., the number of appointments, the types of tests/screenings, the frequency of tests/screenings, and the maternal and neonatal mortality rates were compared. Data concerning prenatal care was collected from a U.S. obstetric gynecologist and a Nicaraguan government nurse and doctor in the respective countries. The mortality rates used were provided by The World Bank.

RESULTS TO DATE: Standard prenatal care in Nicaragua recommended …

The Virtual Professor: A New Model In Higher Education, Randall Valentine, Robert Bennett

Administrative Issues Journal

Traditional colleges and universities face a unique challenge of increasing the scope of educational operations to accommodate the growing demand for online education. While online enrollments in higher education have grown at a rapid pace, faculty resources have remained stagnant at many institutions due to budget constraints and a sluggish economy. Many administrators in higher education struggle to find a balance between meeting course demands and maintaining quality of instruction while adhering to financial constraints. This paper proposes a model to manage costs by supplementing traditional faculty with virtual faculty who would operate primarily in an online environment and work …

Public Health Roi: Evidence, Experience And Remaining Questions, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Expanding the delivery of efficacious public health and prevention strategies holds considerable potential for improving health outcomes and constraining costs across the U.S. health system. Unfortunately, lingering certainties about the costs required to expand public health delivery systems and about the health and economic effects of such expansions has muted private and public support for increased public health expenditures. This lecture examines recent evidence from public health services and systems research studies that examine the health and economic value of public health delivery, and identifies remaining research needs for the field.

The P38Α Mapk Regulates Microglial Responsiveness To Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury, Adam D. Bachstetter, Rachel K. Rowe, Machi Kaneko, Danielle Goulding, Jonathan Lifshitz, Linda J Van Eldik

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Neuropathology after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the result of both the immediate impact injury and secondary injury mechanisms. Unresolved post-traumatic glial activation is a secondary injury mechanism that contributes to a chronic state of neuroinflammation in both animal models of TBI and human head injury patients. We recently demonstrated, using in vitro models, that p38α MAPK signaling in microglia is a key event in promoting cytokine production in response to diverse disease-relevant stressors and subsequent inflammatory neuronal dysfunction. From these findings, we hypothesized that the p38α signaling pathway in microglia could be contributing to the secondary neuropathologic sequelae after …

Colleen Kannaday To Speak At Associates Luncheon, Sherry Wallace

News and Events (Discontinued Series)

No abstract provided.

Conference Learnings, Linda Reinhart Msn, Rn, Cns

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

Women In Medicine, Tierney Sullivan

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

It seems that most individuals regardless of gender, race or ethnicity are in a constant rat race to keep up with the demands of modern day society and be as successful as possible. Looking at a college population, everyone has high goals and ambitions and is hoping to be the best in the field they enter. However, women are faced with the dilemma of what to do when life puts another barrier up around us. Women have gained the access to equality of education that we hoped …

Friend Or Foe? Can We Selectively Shut Off Immune Responses?, Kristin Mccoy

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

The immune system of the human body serves as both an enemy and an ally. It is an ally when it constantly fights off attacks from several types of microbes. However, it is an enemy when it attacks a life-saving heart transplant or mistakenly eats away the tissues of the body (Marx, 1990). It is the job of the immune system to keep the body healthy and free of harmful substances. Researchers have been aiming for ways to suppress certain parts of the immune system while not …

How Have Robotics Impacted Healthcare?, Lorelei Kujat

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

Robots are virtual or mechanical objects that are used in facilitating the occurrence of multiple everyday activities. They have been heavily depended upon in U.S. industry, since 1961, and in health care after the mid 1980s. The virtual and mechanical robots have assisted people in a variety of tasks within and outside the laboratory and operating rooms. Some examples of robot intervention include medication administration, assisting children with autism, telemedicine, and transferring / lifting patients. Although robots have made many activities easier to handle, there have been …

Eating Your Way To Health, Matt Driscoll

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

Nutrition is a factor that affects an individual throughout the course of his or her life, beginning in the pre-natal form and continuing through childhood and into adulthood. Infants and children are very susceptible and vulnerable to the nutritional choices made primarily by their parents, which may affect them for the remainder of their lives. Various studies have been done to show that incorporating a nutritious diet, including breast milk, has a positive effect on the physical, cognitive, and social development of a child. Mothers are ultimately …

Health Care Inadequacies For Disabled Americans, Emily Housecamp

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

Many disabled individuals, including the mentally retarded, the physically disabled, and the elderly, face constant erasure in American society. Rarely, if ever, are people with disabilities portrayed in television commercials, and if they are ever present in a movie or television show, they commonly portray such disabled stereotypes as "supercrips." They also must face many unnecessary difficulties, including discrimination in the workplace, various abuses, and a lack of handicap accessibility. One of the most difficult aspects of life for a disabled American, however, is the inability to …

Eeg Neurofeedback: An Effective Treatment For Adhd, Jessica Null

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is most commonly treated with psychostimulant medications due to the ease of administration. However, a new treatment called EEG biofeedback is proving efficacious in the treatment for ADHD without the side effects of psychostimulants. Neurofeedback is a process in which people learn to self-regulate their brain waves (Masterpasqua 8c Healey, 2003). The ability to alter brain activity ultimately has the ability to change behaviors that are causing people distress. This alteration occurs by operant conditioning, that is, reinforcement and punishment.

An Analysis Of Mental Health Parity, Sarah Hamlin

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

The issue of parity for mental health insurance coverage is a complicated one, involving not only health care, but politics, economics, and moral and ethical questions as well. From a nursing perspective, separating a patient's mental wellness from his or her physical wellness directly contradicts the critical nursing value of holistic health care. From the perspective of mental health advocacy organizations, and from those suffering from mental health disorders, this purposeful disregard of mental illnesses is viewed as discrimination. For certain groups within the federal government and …

Pill Thinkers: Ethical Implications Of Cosmetic Neurology, Donna Barbagallo

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

The desire for mind and body enhancement may be intrinsic to human nature. Individuals continually engage in behaviors like eating, exercising, or using chemicals such as caffeine or alcohol, in an effort to enhance mind and body for personal desire. The principle of autonomy and free will allows the individual the right to selfdetermination, freedom, and independence, although it is not an absolute right (Aiken, 2004). A healthy person can choose medical treatments like sildenafil citrate (Viagra) or more invasive treatments like cosmetic surgery to achieve personal …

Multicopy Crystallographic & Biophysical Analyses Of The N-Terminal Domain Of Nbce1-A: Illumination Of The Human R298s Mutation, Harry S, Gill, Ali Ramezani, Talal Alzahrani, Dominic S. Raj

GW Research Days 2013

Background:

NBCe1-A membrane-embedded macromolecules cotransport sodium and bicarbonate ions across the bilayers that serve to maintain acid-base homeostasis throughout the body. Defects are linked to a number of disorders, including proximal renal tubule acidosis, mental retardation, dental defects, and cataracts. Previously, we demonstrated the N-terminal domain of NBCe1-A (Nt) is in pH-sensitive monomer-dimer equilibrium. At neutral pH, bicarbonate ions bind the Nt, stabilizing dimerization and intermolecular self-associations of dimers.

Methods:

We determine and analyze the X-ray crystal structure of the Nt as a dimer at 2.4-A resolution using molecular-replacement methods, and a multicopy crystallographic structure of the monomer using 5 …

Letter From The Editor, Frederic W. Murray

Administrative Issues Journal

No abstract provided.

2013 April 2 - Medical Student Education Committee Minutes, Medical Student Education Committee, East Tennessee State University

Medical Student Education Committee Minutes

No abstract provided.

Nursing Students Studying Abroad Through Unique Program At Illinois Wesleyan, Kim Hill

News and Events (Discontinued Series)

No abstract provided.

Dementia Prevalence Estimates In Sub-Saharan Africa: Comparison Of Two Diagnostic Criteria, Stella Maria Paddick, Anna R. Longdon, Aloyce Kisoli, Catherine Dotchin, William K. Gray, Felicity Dewhurst, Paul Chaote, Raj Kalaria, Ahmed Jusabani, Richard Walker

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background:

We have previously reported the prevalence of dementia in older adults living in the rural Hai district of Tanzania according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria. The aim of this study was to compare prevalence rates using the DSM-IV criteria with those obtained using the 10/66 diagnostic criteria, which is specifically designed for use in low- and middle- income countries.

Methods:

In phase I, 1,198 people aged 70 and older were screened for dementia. A stratified sample of 296 was then clinically assessed for dementia according to the DSM-IV criteria. In addition, …

Converging Evidence For The Processing Costs Associated With Ambiguous Quantifier Comprehension., Corey T Mcmillan, Danielle Coleman, Robin Clark, Tsao-Wei Liang, Rachel G Gross, Murray Grossman

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Traditional neuroanatomic models of language comprehension have emphasized a core language network situated in peri-Sylvian cortex. More recent evidence appears to extend the neuroanatomic network beyond peri-Sylvian cortex to encompass other aspects of sentence processing. In this study, we evaluate the neuroanatomic basis for processing the ambiguity in doubly-quantified sentences. For example, a sentence like "All the dogs jumped in a lake" can be interpreted with a collective interpretation (e.g., several dogs jumping into a single lake) or a distributive interpretation (e.g., several dogs each jumping into a different lake). In Experiment 1, we used BOLD fMRI to investigate neuroanatomic …

Glucose Stimulation Induces Dynamic Change Of Mitochondrial Morphology To Promote Insulin Secretion In The Insulinoma Cell Line Ins-1e., Bong Sook Jhun, Hakjoo Lee, Zheng-Gen Jin, Yisang Yoon

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Fission and fusion of mitochondrial tubules are the major processes regulating mitochondrial morphology. However, the physiological significance of mitochondrial shape change is poorly understood. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β-cells requires mitochondrial ATP production which evokes Ca(2+) influx through plasma membrane depolarization, triggering insulin vesicle exocytosis. Therefore, GSIS reflects mitochondrial function and can be used for evaluating functional changes associated with morphological alterations of mitochondria. Using the insulin-secreting cell line INS-1E, we found that glucose stimulation induced rapid mitochondrial shortening and recovery. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission through expression of the dominant-negative mutant DLP1-K38A eliminated this dynamic mitochondrial shape change …

Glucose Stimulation Induces Dynamic Change Of Mitochondrial Morphology To Promote Insulin Secretion In The Insulinoma Cell Line Ins-1e., Bong Sook Jhun, Hakjoo Lee, Zheng-Gen Jin, Yisang Yoon

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Fission and fusion of mitochondrial tubules are the major processes regulating mitochondrial morphology. However, the physiological significance of mitochondrial shape change is poorly understood. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β-cells requires mitochondrial ATP production which evokes Ca(2+) influx through plasma membrane depolarization, triggering insulin vesicle exocytosis. Therefore, GSIS reflects mitochondrial function and can be used for evaluating functional changes associated with morphological alterations of mitochondria. Using the insulin-secreting cell line INS-1E, we found that glucose stimulation induced rapid mitochondrial shortening and recovery. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission through expression of the dominant-negative mutant DLP1-K38A eliminated this dynamic mitochondrial shape change …

Brazil’S Big Place On The Huntington’S Disease Map, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Exposition Des Travailleurs De La Construction À La Silice Cristalline : Exploitation D’Une Banque De Données Tirée De La Littérature, Jean-François Sauvé, Charles Beaudry, Denis Bégin, Chantal Dion, Michel Gérin, Jérôme Lavoué

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L’exposition prolongée par inhalation à des poussières de taille respirable contenant de la silice cristalline est reconnue pour causer des maladies respiratoires, dont le cancer du poumon et la silicose. De nombreuses études ont relevé la surexposition des travailleurs de la construction à la silice cristalline, puisque ce composé est présent dans de nombreux matériaux utilisés sur les chantiers. L’évaluation de l’exposition à la silice cristalline dans cette industrie constitue un défi en raison de la multitude de conditions de travail et de la nature temporaire des chantiers.

Dans le but d’améliorer les connaissances sur les conditions de travail pouvant …

Occupational Exposure To Ultraviolet Radiation And Risk Of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer In A Multinational European Study, Simona Surdu, Edward F. Fitzgerald, Michael S. Bloom, Francis P. Boscoe, David Orlo Carpenter, Richard F. Haase, Eugen S. Gurzau, Peter Rudnai, Kvetoslava Koppova, Joelle Fevotte, Giovanni Leonardi, Marie Vahter, Walter Goessler, Rajiv Kumar, Tony Fletcher

Epidemiology & Biostatistics Faculty Scholarship

Background: Studies suggest that ambient sunlight plays an important role in the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). However, there is ongoing controversy regarding the relevance of occupational exposure to natural and artificial ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation.

Objectives: We investigated potential associations between natural and artificial UV radiation exposure at work with NMSC in a case-control study conducted in Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia. Methods: Occupational exposures were classified by expert assessment for 527 controls and 618 NMSC cases (515 basal cell carcinoma, BCC). Covariate information was collected via interview and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess associations between …

Integrative Health Studies Newsletter, Ciis

Integrative Health Studies Newsletter

This is the Spring 2013 issue of the Integrative Health Studies Newsletter at CIIS.

Integrative Health Studies Newsletter, Ciis

Integrative Health Studies Newsletter

This is the Spring 2013 issue of the Integrative Health Studies Newsletter at CIIS.