Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Changing Trends Of Hepatitis B Seromarkers Amongst Pakistani Population: A Laboratory-Based Review, Afia Zafar, Erum Khan, Muhammad Shoaib Khan, Bushra Moiz, Wasim Jafri

Section of Gastroenterology

Objective:

To study the changing trends of hepatitis B markers tested at Aga Khan University Hospital clinical laboratory according to the internationally recognised classification of hepatitis B profile.

Methods:

The retrospective study involved analysis of laboratory records of hepatitis B profiles of all patients collected from January 2001 to December 2008 at the Aga Khan University Hospital\'s clinical laboratory. Patients with complete profile tested were categorised according to the Centre for Diseases Control classification of hepatitis B profile. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. R

Results:

A total of 185,825 patients had serological markers for hepatitis B tested. Mean-age …

The Flame, 2012-2013, Mennonite College Of Nursing

The Flame (1985-present)

The Flame is a newsletter of Illinois State University's Mennonite College of Nursing

Moderate Alcohol Use And Cardiovascular Disease From Mendelian Randomization, Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Chaoqiang Jiang, Kar Keung Cheng, Benjamin J. Cowling, Bin Liu, Weisen Zhang, Tai Hing Lam, Gabriel M. Leung, Mary Schooling

Publications and Research

Background
Observational studies show moderate alcohol use negatively associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, healthier attributes among moderate users compared to never users may confound the apparent association. A potentially less biased way to examine the association is Mendelian randomization, using alcohol metabolizing genes which influence alcohol use.

Methods
We used instrumental variable analysis with aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotypes (AA/GA/GG) as instrumental variables for alcohol use to examine the association of alcohol use (10 g ethanol/day) with CVD risk factors (blood pressure, lipids and glucose) and morbidity (self-reported IHD and CVD) among men in …

Randomized Comparison Of Two Internet-Supported Fertility Awareness Based Methods Of Family Planning, Richard J. Fehring, Mary Schneider, Kathleen Raviele, Dana Rodriguez, Jessica E. Pruszynski

Randomized Comparison of Two Internet-Supported Methods of Natural Family Planning

Background: The aim was to compare the efficacy and acceptability of two Internet-supported fertility-awareness-based methods of family planning.

Study design: Six hundred and sixty-seven women and their male partners were randomized into either an electronic hormonal fertility monitor (EHFM) group or a cervical mucus monitoring (CMM) group. Both groups utilized a Web site with instructions, charts and support. Acceptability was assessed online at 1, 3 and 6 months. Pregnancy rates were determined by survival analysis.

Results: The EHFM participants (N=197) had a total pregnancy rate of 7 per 100 users over 12 months of use compared with 18.5 for the …

Valproic Acid, An Alternative Treatment In Myelodysplastic Syndrome, P. Ritteeverakul

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

MDS is a group of abnormality in hematologic stem cells characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and various clinical presentations. Treatment of MDS is costly, and may not be possible in most areas in Thailand. Valproic acid (VPA) is used for the treatment of convulsion with low adverse reaction. It can also act as histone deacetylase inhibitor, and can be administered orally. The study of treatment of MDS patients with VPA alone or in combination with other drugs, the dose was adjusted to get serum concentration 50 - 100 μg/mL. found that the responses was quite good in hematologic improvement and reduction …

Autoimmune Pancreatitis: Characteristics On Ct Imaging, C Yongpitayapong, B. Vachiranubnap

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare disease, describes a form of chronic pancreatitis with associated autoimmune mechanism and difficulties in diagnosis. Focal AIP may mimic pancreatic cancer. Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the possible CT findings of the patients with AIP. Design : Retrospective descriptive study. Setting : King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Materials and Methods : Retrospectively review of clinical presentations, laboratory data and CT findings with pancreatic protocol of 8 patients who were diagnosed with AIP between January 1st, 2000 and May 31st, 2012. Results : All patients presented with jaundice and …

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2013), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 2 Fish, Field & Forest: Natural Resource Management Research Covers the Gamut
[Page] 5 Profiles In Leadership: David Willis; Combined Department Creates Interdisciplinary Opportunities
[Page] 6 Research On the Range: Cottonwood Field Station Has Provided Research Data for 106 Years
[Page] 8 Prairie Oasis: Natural Diversity Showcased at Oak Lake Field Station
[Page] 9 Special Section: Investigating in Agriculture & Biological Sciences at SDSU: An Update On the College of Ag’s Enhanced Facilities and Continuing Efforts Important to Helping Address Future Agricultural Challenges and Opportunities.[Page] 13 South Dakota 4-H Update: Skill-a-thons, New Exhibit Hall Planned
[Page] 14 After The …

The Longitudinal Course Of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome, Kevin M. Antshel, Kaitlin Hendricks, Robert J. Shprintzen, Wanda Fremont, Anne Marie Higgins, Stephen V. Faraone, Wendy R. Kates

Communication Disorders Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate predictors of persistence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a large sample of children with velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) with and without ADHD followed prospectively into adolescence. STUDY DESIGN: Children with VCFS with (n = 37) and without (n = 35) ADHD who were on average 11 years old at the baseline assessment and 15 years old at the follow-up assessment were comprehensively assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and assessments of behavioral, cognitive, social, school, and family functioning. Control participants both with and without ADHD were also followed prospectively. RESULTS: In adolescence, 65% of children with VCFS continued …

Mri Guided Functional Neurosurgery At L.G.H: The Beginning Of A New Era, Khalid Mahmood

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Lahore General Hospital has the credit of being pioneer of “Functional Neurosurgery in Pakistan” when Prof. Bashir Ahmad started the Department of Neurosurgery at LGH in 1966. Prof. BashirAhmad, Prof. Nazir Ahmad and Late Prof. Javed MajidMian had done lot of work and performedThalamotomiesfor Parkinsoniantremors

Crosstalk Between Adipocytes And Immune Cells In Adipose Tissue In An Obese Inflammatory State: Role Of Contact-Mediated Signaling, Carolina Franco Nitta

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Obesity is defined as heightened fat accumulation leading to health impairments. It has been directly correlated to cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Heightened cytokine levels are found in serum and adipose tissue of obese subjects, including TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-6 (interleukin-6), and MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), being characterized as a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease. In this dissertation, I have generated a novel co-culture model between adipocytes and immune cells (derived from splenocytes) that mimics inflammation seen in obese adipose tissue. This co-culture model allows for distinct evaluation between secreted paracrine factors (indirect cultures) and these …

The Immunological Mechanisms Of Influenza Vaccination: A Comparison Between A Seasonal Subunit Vaccine And An H5n1 Subunit Vaccine With And Without Alum Adjuvant, Sarah Elizabeth Vaughan

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is an emerging infectious virus with a 60% fatality rate in humans. In the United States, a vaccine for H5N1 has been developed and stockpiled using FDA approved methods for seasonal vaccines; however, the H5N1 vaccine was shown to be less immunogenic than seasonal vaccines when evaluated in clinical trials. Adjuvants can be used to enhance the immune response to antigens. For the studies described herein, a lethal mouse model of H5N1 infection was utilized to examine the immune response to the H5N1 vaccine with and without the addition of an alum adjuvant, and …

Visual Activity Evoked By Infrared In Humans After Dark Adaptation, Leslie Olivia Hopkins

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

We evaluated the visual response to infrared (IR) in humans after dark adaptation. In seven adult participants, visual perception, visual sensitivity, and the visual response to IR after light adaptation were tested. Over the course of dark adaptation, we found visual perception and sensitivity to our experimental IR stimulus increased, while the relative IR intensity necessary for perception decreased. Visual perception of the IR stimulus was abolished during a transient light exposure; however, when turned back off, perception to the IR stimulus returned for all participants. These novel findings may be relevant for both pre-clinical and clinical visual research.

Development Of Cd19 Binding Reagents For Targeted Nanoparticles, Jason Hugh Rogers

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

B-cell malignancies like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL), which often have high numbers of malignant cells in circulation in the blood would be an excellent model system for the early preclinical development and testing of targeted small particle therapeutics. We selected the transmembrane protein CD19 (Cluster of Differentiation 19) as one potential promising target due to its remarkably common over-expression on nearly every case of B-ALL, and on many other types of leukemias and lymphomas with varying frequency. We attempted to create a panel of appropriate CD19-specific targeting reagents for attachment to the surface of perhaps many different small particle platforms …

Angular Cheilitis: A Maligned Condition., Caren Campbell, Lawrence Parish

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

Why an essay on angular cheilitis, an easily recognized cutaneous entity? One suggestion rests with the observation that angular cheilitis could be one of the most maligned conditions seen in contemporary practice. The fissuring, redness, and soreness at the angles of the mouth may not be catastrophic, but the embarrassment and soreness are disconcerting. Another that is more disturbing concerns the unnecessary testing and treatment often seen in the community.

When a middle aged man presented with angular cheilitis on routine examination, he asked if this was due to a vitamin deficiency. Fig 1 He had been told by a …

Needle Stick Injuries--Risk And Preventive Factors: A Study Among Health Care Workers In Tertiary Care Hospitals In Pakistan., Asad Ali Khan Afridi, Ameet Kumar, Raza Sayani

Community Health Sciences

BACKGROUND:

Health care workers (HCWs) are at substantial risk of acquiring blood borne infections such as HIV, Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis-C through needle stick injuries (NSIs). This study aimed to assess the proportion of NSIs and their associated factors among HCWs and also to identify the areas in which preventive efforts might be directed to protect against this occupational hazard.

METHODOLOGY:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan representing both private and public health sector. A total of 497 HCWs (doctors and nurses) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data was collected from January to May …

Effective Doses In Pediatric Chest And Abdomen Ct, J Tantisirivit, P Trinavarat, A. Krisanachinda

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : CT is a standard imaging tool for assessing a variety of pediatric disorders. However, a major drawback of these scans is the use of ionizing radiation which potentially increases radiation-related malignancy risk. There has been no available data of pediatric radiation dose from chest and abdomen CT at KCMH. Objective : To assess radiation dose parameters and image quality of our pediatric multi-slice chest and abdomen CT examinations, and compare them to the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in order to minimize or eliminate the amount of unnecessary radiation exposure. Design : Retrospective descriptive data. Setting : Department of …

A New Public Health Approach To Community Mental Health With Social Determinants Of Health Resulting From Globalization To Local Community Development In Thailand, C. Kaewanuchit

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Mental health problems are associated with poor mental health conditions under the influences of globalization and community. They lead to higher the costs of mental health care at individual, local and global levels. Community mental health is, hence, developed according to the World Health Organization’s policy is rooted in mental health promotion, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation, focusing on mental health promotion and prevention. It is linked into the concept of social determinants of health. In Thailand, it is known as a new approach to public health. Its details described poverty, inequality and iniquity, social exclusion and discrimination, housing and environment, …

Clinical Measurement Of Patellar Tendon: Accuracy And Relationship To Surgical Tendon Dimensions., Chad Zooker, Rajeev Pandarinath, Matthew J Kraeutler, Michael G Ciccotti, Steven B. Cohen, Peter F Deluca

Rothman Institute Papers

Patellar tendon width and length are commonly used for preoperative planning for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). In the study reported here, we assessed the accuracy of preoperative measurements made by palpation through the skin, and correlated these measurements with the actual dimensions of the tendons at surgery. Before making incisions in 53 patients undergoing ACLR with patellar tendon autograft, we measured patellar tendon length with the knee in full extension and in 90° of flexion, and tendon width with the knee in 90° of flexion. The tendon was then exposed, and its width was measured with the knee in …

Professionalism In Medical Students At A Private Medical College In Karachi, Pakistan, Zain-Ul- Abedeen Sobani, Muhammad Masaud Mohyuddin, Syed Abdul Saeed, Fahd Farooq, Kanza Noor Qaiser, Faiz Gani, Nida Shahab Bham, Ahmed Raheem, Mohammad Asim Beg, Vikram Mehraj, Hasanat Sharif, Mughis Sheerani, Rukhsana Wamiq Zuberi

Department for Educational Development

Objective: To determine levels of professionalism in undergraduate medical students at a private medical college and assess how changes emerge during their training.

Methods: The study was conducted at Aga Khan University, a tertiary care teaching hospital, during November and December 2011. Freshmen, Year 3 and Year 5 students were requested to fill out a questionnaire. It was designed to assess the participants\' levels of professionalism and how they perceived the professional environment around them by incorporating previously described scales. The questionnaire was re-validated on a random sample of practising clinicians at the same hospital. SPSS 17 was used for …

Elastomeric Capture Microparticles (Ecµps) And Their Use With Acoustophoresis To Perform Affinity Capture Assays, Kevin Wallace Cushing

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

This dissertation describes the development of elastomeric capture microparticles (ECµPs) and their use with acoustophoresis to perform affinity capture assays. ECµPs that function as negative acoustic contrast particles were developed by crosslinking emulsion-based droplets composed of commercially available silicone precursors followed by functionalization with avidin/biotin reagents. The size distribution of the ECµPs was very broad or narrow depending on the emulsion system that was used during the synthesis process. Elastomeric particles exhibited a very broad size distribution when a bulk-emulsion process was used; however, when microfluidic systems were utilized, their size distribution became comparatively narrow. The functionalization of elastomeric particles …

Altered Drainage Patterns In Patients With Melanoma And Previous Axillary Dissection., Caitlyn M. Johnson, Charles Intenzo, Michael Mastrangelo, Kendra Feeney, Adam C. Berger

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

The incidence of melanoma is increasing rapidly in the United States. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an important diagnostic tool in the treatment and staging of melanoma. However, many patients with melanoma will have had lymph node surgery for previous melanoma or breast cancer. We set out to examine alterations in drainage patterns in patients with previous axillary dissection for breast cancer. We reviewed four patients with truncal and/or extremity melanomas and examined their lymphoscintigraphy and drainage patterns. Three patients with truncal melanoma mapped to cervical lymph nodes and a fourth patient with an arm melanoma mapped to her previously …

Comparative Evaluation Of Two Different Castable Bar Attachments In Implant Retained Mandibular Overdenture Cases, Fardos N. Rizk

Dentistry

Objective: This research was carried to evaluate which solitary attachment; OT Cap Ball attachment or OT Cap Equator Profile attachment mounted on a bar splinting two implants retaining mandibular overdenture is more favorable regarding crestal bone height and bone density changes surrounding the implants using cone beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Following two stage surgical protocol twelve completely edentulous patients received two implants placed bilaterally in the canine region (24 implants) to retain mandibular overdenture. Four months following the surgery patients were randomly divided into two equal groups; Group-I received two OT Cap Ball attachments mounted on a bar …

Hip Fracture Surgery: Does Type Of Anesthesia Matter?, Rizwan Haroon Rashid, Adil Aijaz Shah, Amarah Shakoor, Shahryar Noordin

Department of Surgery Docs

Background: Hip fracture surgery is a common procedure, and the geriatric population with its multiple comorbid conditions is at most at risk of developing anesthesia-related complications. Data on the impact of type anesthesia on postoperative morbidity and mortality is limited.The effects of regional and general anesthesia on postoperative outcomes need to be clearly elucidated.

Methods: In this study, all patients who underwent dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation for intertrochanteric fractures, between January 2005 and December 2010, at the Aga Khan University Hospital, were included. Patients were divided into two groups; group A included those patients who received general anesthesia, and …

Assessing The Effectiveness Of Nutrition And Physical Activity Self-Assessment For Child Care (Nap Sacc) For Changes In Physical Activity Behavior, Policy, And Environment In Nebraska Family Child Care Homes, Katie K. Bolte

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Nebraska is the first state to utilize NAP SACC and to modify the evidence-based program for family child care homes (FCCHs). The purpose of this study was to conduct a secondary data analysis to assess the effectiveness of a modified version of the NAP SACC approach in achieving changes in physical activity behavior, policy, and environment in Nebraska FCCHs caring for children ages 2-5 years. Results from this study will be used to improve the NAP SACC physical activity components for FCCHs and will help to inform trainers and the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Nutrition and Activity …

A Pilot Mixed Methods Evaluation Study Of The Effectiveness Of An After-School Cooking Club Curriculum For Middle School Students, Elisha M. Hall

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Introduction: Obesity has exponentially increased each decade, with approximately one third of the adult American population obese and another one third overweight. More startling is that these trends are rising in children as well. With economic, health, social, mental, and emotional consequences, childhood obesity has quickly risen as a significant issue to tackle. Increases in fast food consumption have been linked with overweight status, and home cooked meals are slowly becoming part of the past. The adolescent time period, in which children are slowly gaining more autonomy and conducting their activities independent from their parents, is an optimal time …

Clinical Outcomes Of Diabetic Foot Clinic At King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, S Bangchokdee, N Tantisiriwat, S. Janchai

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Diabetes-related lower extremity amputation is common and leads to poor quality of life. A comprehensive diabetic foot care can reduce amputation rate to 49 - 85%. Diabetic Foot Clinic was developed at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine in 2004 to prevent foot ulcer and amputation. The authors aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the Diabetic Foot Clinic, i.e. patient-related and ulcer-related outcomes. Objective : To study clinical outcomes of patients treated at the Diabetic Foot Clinic. Design : Descriptive study. Setting : Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Materials and Methods : Medical records of …

Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Angioarchitecture And Clinical Presentation, P Hansakul, J. Tantivatana

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Problem/background : Hemorrhage is the most significant risk in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Although several factors have been found associated with hemorrhagic events, it is not known with certainty whether specific angioarchitectural aspect predispose patients with brain AVMs to any specific clinical presentation. Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess demographic, clinical and morphological characteristics of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations and to identify significant factors related to the initial hemorrhagic presentation. Design : Descriptive study. Setting : Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Material and Methods : Clinical and angiographic data from …

Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Antenatal Depression Among Fathers At King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, S Rutchanapagit, C. Roomruangwong

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Depression during pregnancy could occur in both mothers and fathers. It is important for the quality of pregnancy and can affect pregnancy outcomes. In Thailand, however, most antenatal studies focused only on depression in mothers. We, therefore, try to develop a new study of mental health problem in fathers. Objectives : To examine the prevalence of antenatal depression fathers and its associated factors. Setting : King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Design : A cross - sectional descriptive study. Materials and Method : Three hundred thirty-seven fathers (age gif.latex?\geq18 years) who were attended antenatal clinic with their 3rd trimester pregnant …

Effects Of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation With Or Without Resistance Training On The Strength Of The Thigh Muscle In Healthy Males, V Pinithsathil, S Sanguanrungsirikul, C. Suwanasri

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Neuromuscular electrical stimulation with resistance training has a potentiality to be one of the alternative exercises that can reduce injuries caused by excessive resistance in exercise training program. It can be applied to increase the capability of muscle performance in a short period, and easy to be trained in different places, and can be used in general exercise program to achieve the maximum benefit. Research Design : Human experimental study Setting : The Sports Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University. Methods : Fifty-two healthy volunteers were randomized into one of 4 groups: neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (NMES), …

Mental Health Status Of Outpatients Of Thai Traditional Medicine And Alternative Medicine At Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, S Kongthongmaneeroj, S. Suppapitiporn

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Objective : The purpose of this research was to study mental health and associated factors to the mental health of outpatients of Thai traditional medicine and alternative medicine at Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital. Research design : A cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants : Outpatients of Thai traditional medicine and alternative medicine. Method : The subjects were 110 outpatients who received treatment at Thai traditional medicine and alternative medicine of Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital in December, 2011. The data were obtained through self-complete questionnaire from their families: 15-item mental health indicator questionnaire in Thai, life stress event questionnaires and coping scale on …