Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Systematic Review Of Experimental Infections With Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (Etec), Chad K. Porter, Mark S. Riddle, David R. Tribble, A. Louis Bougeois, Robin Mckenzie, Sandra D. Isidean, Peter Sebeny, Stephen J. Savarino

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Volunteer challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) has been used for four decades to elucidate the pathogenesis and immune responses and assess efficacy of various interventions. We performed a systematic review of these studies and a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data (IPD) from a subset of studies using standard methodology.

We identified 27 studies of 11 ETEC strains administered to 443 naive subjects at doses from 1 × 10⁶ to 1 × 10¹⁰ colony forming units (cfu). Diarrhea attack rates varied by strain, dose and enterotoxin. Similar rates were seen at doses of 5 × 10⁸ to …

Safety And Immunogenicity Of An Intranasal Shigella Flexneri 2a Invaplex 50 Vaccine, Mark S. Riddle, Robert W. Kaminski, Carlos Williams, Chad Porter, Shahida Baqar, Alexis Kordis, Theron Gilliland, Joyce Lapa, Melissa Coughlin, Chris Soltis, Erica Jones, Jackie Saunders, Paul B. Keiser, Ryan T. Ranallo, Robert Gormley, Michael Nelson, K. Ross Turbyfill, David Tribble, Edwin V. Oaks

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Background: Shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide 50 is a nasally delivered subunit vaccine consisting of a macromolecular complex composed of LPS, IpaB, IpaC and IpaD. The current study examined vaccine safety and immunogenicity across a dose range and the clinical performance of a new intranasal delivery device.

Methods: Volunteers (N = 36) were randomized to receive vaccine via the Dolphin^TM (Valois of America, Congers, New York) intranasal spray device at one of three doses (240, 480, and 690 μg) on days 0, 14, and 28. Another group (N = 8) received the 240 μg dose via pipette. Vaccine safety was …

Detection Of Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain-Α-Specific Cd4 Cells By Using Mhc Class Ii/IaK Tetramers In A/J Mice, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Nora M. Chapman, Noel Rose, Jay Reddy

Jay Reddy Publications

A/J mice bearing the H-2 allele IAk are highly susceptible to autoimmune myocarditis induced with cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334–352, whereas B10.A mice carrying a similar allele IAk are relatively resistant, suggesting that the generation of Myhc-α-reactive T cell repertoires is influenced by genetic background. To enumerate the precursor frequencies of Myhc-α-specific CD4 T cells, we sought to create IAk tetramers for Myhc-α 334–352. Tetramers were created using approaches that involve covalent tethering of individual peptide sequences or exogenous loading of peptides into empty IAk molecules by peptide-exchange reaction. Using ribonuclease 43– 56 tetramers as controls, we demonstrated that …

Heterogeneity Of Individuals With A History Of Child Sexual Abuse: An Examination Of Children Presenting To Treatment, C. Thresa Yancey, David J. Hansen, Karen Z. Naufel

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The current study examined children and families who presented for treatment through Project SAFE (Sexual Abuse Family Education) following childhood sexual abuse. Pretreatment assessment data were used to develop clusters of participants with significantly differing presentation of symptom outcome following abuse. Four clusters were discovered: (a) a Highly Distressed group, whose members had clinically elevated scores on all self- and parent-report measures; (b) a Problem Behaviors group, whose members had scores within the normal range for self-report measures and elevated scores on all parent-report measures; (c) a Subclinical group, whose participants had scores below the mean and below cutoff scores …

Prevalence, Knowledge, And Concern About Bed Bugs, Mary Beth Kaylor

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Recent research suggests that the United States and the world are on the verge of a bed bug pandemic. Assumptions have been made that socioeconomic status is not an indicator and that bed bugs are not competent disease vectors. However, little information is available at the local level about the prevalence of bed bugs in private homes. This study aimed to identify prevalence, knowledge, and concern about bed bugs in one village in Ohio. Responses from 96 individuals who completed the Prevalence, Knowledge, and Concern about Bed Bugs (PK CABB) survey were utilized for data analysis. The majority of the …

Worksite Wellness: An Administrative Perspective, Neha Kumar

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: To develop a better understanding of businesses’ goals and purpose for offering worksite wellness opportunities and the level of administrative support for worksite wellness programs.

Method: Human resource directors, benefit managers, or other administrators of 76 businesses that have contracted with Premier Community Health in the past 2 years were contacted by e-mail to complete a standardized online survey on SurveyMonkey®. The survey included questions about the businesses worksite wellness current programs and future interests. In addition, data on how often businesses have utilized each of the PCH worksite offerings over the past 2 years was collected from the …

Identifying Training Gaps In Rq-7b Shadow: A U.S. Army Unmanned Aircraft System, John E. Stewart, Martin L. Bink

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The mission of the RQ-7B has changed radically since 2003, when unmanned aircraft system (UAS) ownership shifted from Military Intelligence (MI) to Army Aviation. Instead of passive observation, RQ-7B operators must now acquire active scout-reconnaissance skills. Initial training takes place at Ft. Huachuca, AZ, the Army’s main MI installation. Operators then report to their unit, usually a Brigade Combat Team (BCT). This research focused on (a) type training received at the schoolhouse (MI/scout-reconnaissance), (b) training received at the BCT, and (c) opportunities for training. It was found that schoolhouse training still was primarily MI, (e.g., image analysis and vehicle identification). …

Preliminary Program Assessment For Attracting Physically Disabled Individuals To Aviation, Erin E. Bowen, Bernie Wulle, Michael E. Jednachowski

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Developing effective aircraft piloting skills takes years of training with qualified experts to meet and exceed flight certification requirements. Not everyone who desires to can reach those standards, and the challenge is even greater for those with physical disabilities who desire to learn to fly. While considered uncommon, there are opportunities that seek to modify aircraft and train physically impaired students to be pilots. However, little research has been done on whether there also needs to be modification in the approach of flight and ground instructors when training impaired students. The present study presents preliminary findings of a qualitative study …

Effects Of Commuting On Crewmember Fatigue: A Comprehensive Study In Support Of Risk Management, Lori J. Brown, Geoff Whitehurst

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The need to reduce accidents and incidents caused by human fatigue in the aviation industry remains on the National Transportation Safety Boards’ (NTSB), most wanted list. At many airlines, crewmembers are forced to work to the point of exhaustion because of: poorly scheduled duty time; lengthened duty days; minimum scheduled rest requirements; working the backside of the clock, multiple short-haul legs; and long commutes to work. Although, commuting, in the context of aviation, has yet to be defined, the U.S. Census Bureau defines an ‘extreme commute’ as a travel 90 minutes or more, each way to work. Americans who endure …

Towards Integrating Traffic And Terrain Constraints Into A Vertical Situation Display, C. Borst, P. Rijneveld, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Future airspace operations will allow flight crews to plan and fly their own preferred route and time of arrival without much intervention from air traffic control. Thereby, pilots will become more responsible for planning their own route while maintaining safe separations from traffic and/or terrain. This demands for strategic and tactical planning tools that supports pilots in these tasks. The work in this paper focuses on supporting the airborne separation assurance task in the vertical plane by means of portraying traffic and terrain conflict zones onto an enhanced Vertical Situation Display. In a simulator evaluation the experimental display was compared …

Improving Human Factors Training: Perceptions Of Retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians, Kim Wayne Robinson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Human Factors training is a major concern for airlines and Maintenance Repair Organizations. This study taps into the reservoir of knowledge and experience of retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians (AMTs) with respect to aviation maintenance human factors. A survey was given to retired AMTs with 20-30 years of maintenance experience to rank the relative importance of each of the FAA’s Dirty Dozen of human factors in maintenance accidents. Follow-up focus groups were conducted to further explore recommendations on how to prevent human factor accidents related to maintenance. This paper discusses the findings from the original survey and preliminary findings from the …

Selection Requirements To Work In Future Atm Systems, Hinnerk Eißfeldt, Alexander Heintz, Dirk Schulze Kissing

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Different findings concerning staff selection requirements for future Air Traffic Management (ATM) resulting from empirical studies and expert judgement are summarised. The biggest impacts are foreseen for ATCO’s, commercial pilots, ATM technical staff and a/c maintenance staff, mainly related to advanced ATM concept features. An empirical study involving ATCOs and pilots encompassing workshops and simulations studying elements of a free flight scenario revealed significant changes in ability requirements for ATCOs and pilots. They indicate higher ability requirements for pilots in future ATM systems and only small changes for air traffic controllers. Pilot and air traffic controller profiles are likely to …

The Selection Of Commercial Astronauts For Suborbital Spaceflight, Brian Kozak, Denver Lopp, John Young, Tim Ropp

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

When SpaceShipOne won the Ansari X-Prize in 2004, it launched the commercial space tourism industry. In 2007 Burt Rutan said, “We think that 100,000 people will fly by 2020” (Rutan, 2007). This will create a need for qualified crews to operate these spacecraft. The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory study was to investigate the possible selection criteria of these crews. Data was collected from telephone and email interviews with four U.S.-suborbital space tourism companies and Purdue University's astronaut alumni network. Grounded Theory and Truth and Reality Testing were used as the theoretical framework for data analysis. The data gathered suggests …

Display Requirements And Alerting Modalities Of A Flight Deck Based Runway Safety Alerting System, Peter M. Moertl Ph.D., Kathleen Mcgarry Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

This paper presents the results of a human in the loop simulation that evaluated the display of runway safety relevant traffic and runway indications and alerts on a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI). The simulation investigated differences between directive versus nondirective alert types and between an airport map with and without taxiway information. 24 pilots evaluated the CDTI in 18 airport surface scenarios that contained conflict opportunities. Findings indicate that with directive alerts, pilots avoided all conflict opportunities, while with nondirective alerts 90 % of conflicts were avoided. Response to directive alerts was generally faster than to non-directive alerts. …

An Examination Of A Conceptual Framework For Processing And Integrating Information, Asha H. Smith Ph.D., Immanuel Barshi Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Flight crews rely on displays to assess the state of individual aircraft systems and to remain cognizant of how those systems interact. Degani, et al. (2009) suggest that understanding how humans routinely interpret complex environments should aid in creating displays that help flight crews gain holistic understandings of their vehicles. They propose a six-level hierarchy representing how humans integrate large amounts information. The current experiment sought to understand the costs and benefits of solving classic logic problems when details are presented at key levels of this hierarchy. The results showed that displays representing the highest level of the hierarchy yielded …

Applying The Reliance-Compliance Model To System-Wide Trust Theory In An Aviation Task, Kasha Geels, Stephen Rice, Jeremy Schwark, Hayle Hunt, Joshua Sandry

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

System-wide trust (SWT) strategy can occur when operators encounter multiple aids of differing reliabilities. Keller and Rice (2010) have shown effects of one unreliable aid influencing a perfectly reliable aid; participants had a tendency to treat both aids as one entire unit (SWT) rather than as two separate aids (component-specific trust). One limitation was that the use of only two diagnostic aids may not have been enough to generalize their results. This study seeks to further explore SWT with additional aids. Participants performed a 4-gauge monitoring task augmented by a diagnostic aid that provided recommendations of failures. The aids were …

Application Of A Human Error Taxonomy For The Identification Of Air Traffic Control Errors And Causal Factors, Katherine Berry, Michael Sawyer

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

With the complexity of the National Airspace System, a comprehensive taxonomy is needed to classify incident causal factors within the air traffic control (ATC) industry. These causal factors must not be limited to the individual involved in the incident, but must extend to the role of management and the organization. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is a human error taxonomy when integrated into the incident investigation process permits for causal factors to be classified at various system levels. Utilizing HFACS, this study investigates human performance within the ATC industry and classifies ATC incidents cases using HFACS, investigates …

6-Ohda Generated Ros Induces Dna Damage And P53- And Puma-Dependent Cell Death, Alison I. Bernstein, Sean P. Garrison, Gerard P. Zambetti, Karen L. O'Malley

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Nonlinear Interactions Between Excitatory And Inhibitory Retinal Synapses Control Visual Output, Botir T. Sagdullaev, Erika D. Eggers, Robert Purgert, Peter D. Lukasiewicz

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Fluorescence Manipulation By Gold Nanoparticles: From Complete Quenching To Extensive Enhancement, Kyung A. Kang, Jianting Wang, Jacek B. Jasinski, Samuel Achilefu

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Flyfactorsurvey: A Database Of Drosophila Transcription Factor Binding Specificities Determined Using The Bacterial One-Hybrid System, Lihua J. Zhu, Ryan G. Christensen, Majid Kazemian, Christopher J. Hull, Metewo S. Enuameh, Matthew D. Basciotta, Jessie A. Brasefield, Cong Zhu, Yuna Asriyan, David S. Lapointe, Saurabh Sinha, Scot A. Wolfe, Michael H. Brodsky

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

A Modified Bacterial One-Hybrid System Yields Improved Quantitative Models Of Transcription Factor Specificity, Ryan G. Christensen, Ankit Gupta, Zheng Zuo, Lawrence A. Schriefer, Scot A. Wolfe, Gary D. Stormo

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycan And The Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1, Takahisa Kanekiyo, Juan Zhang, Qiang Liu, Chia-Chen Liu, Lijuan Zhang, Guojun Bu

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Regulation Of Alr1 Mg Transporter Activity By Intracellular Magnesium, Phaik Har Lim, Nilambari P. Pisat, Nidhi Gadhia, Abhinav Pandey, Frank X. Donovan, Lauren Stein, David E. Salt, David J. Eide, Colin W. Macdiarmid

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Caenorhabditis Briggsae Recombinant Inbred Line Genotypes Reveal Inter-Strain Incompatibility And The Rvolution Of Recombination, Joseph A. Ross, Daniel C. Koboldt, Julia E. Staisch, Helen M. Chamberlin, Bhagwati P. Gupta, Raymond D. Miller, Scott E. Baird, Eric S. Haag

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Going Viral, Judy Diamond

World of Viruses

Science education is developing new and innovative means of communication that compete directly with global media to reach the ‘YouTube Generation’. The truly interdisciplinary team of the SEPA-funded World of Viruses project is discovering how best to spread the word.

KEY COLLABORATORS
Judy Diamond, Professor, University of Nebraska State Museum
Charles Wood, Director, Nebraska Center for Virology
Moira Rankin, President, Soundprint Media Center, Inc
Carl Zimmer, Science writer and author of WoV book of essays, A Planet of Viruses
David Uttal, Cognitive science professor, Northwestern University
Benjamin Jee, Cognitive scientist, College of Holy Cross
Tom Floyd, Comic illustrator, Nebraska Educational …

Residency Corner, Tamara Gravano

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

The new Residency Corner will feature articles written by residents that describe topics such as in-depth case analysis, problem solving, and practice as nonphysician primary care providers. Here residents will get to discuss their findings and thought-processes with an audience of their peers--those clinicians and academics interested in the advancement of geriatric health care. Also, for those who may be interested to see what geriatric residency education is really all about, these clinical snapshots can help remove the veil and provide a glimpse into the level of practice our residents are experiencing. Yet, this is only one half of the …

Evaluating Driving As A Valued Instrumental Activity Of Daily Living, Anne E. Dickerson, Timothy Reistetter, Elin Schold Davis, Miriam Monahan

Collected Faculty Scholarship

The purpose of this translational research article is to illustrate how general practice occupational therapists have the skills and knowledge to address driving as a valued occupation using an algorithm based on the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (2nd ed.; American Occupational Therapy Association, 2008b). Evidence to support the model is offered by a research study. Participants were compared on their performance of complex instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and a behind-thewheel driving assessment. A significant relationship was found between the process skills from the performance assessment and whether the driver passed, failed, or needed restrictions as …

Clinical Leadership: A Matter Of Trust?, Tracey Thornley

Nursing Conference Papers

One of the many challenges facing the nursing profession in 2011 is the visibility of clinical leadership. Clinical leadership is essential for positive patient outcomes and a productive work environment; given this, the need for strong and effective leadership has never been more urgent. The attributes of leadership and how they are used to inspire and lead others are often overlooked. A research study (Thornley 2007) exploring the concept of expert, found that many personal characteristics were used by nurses to facilitate their expertise and it was these characteristics that expert nurses used to lead and inspire others.

Ic107: Cancer Facts: African Americans And Cancer, Intercultural Cancer Council

Informational and Promotional Materials

The fact sheet summarizes cancer facts related to the African American population. The document is organized into seven sections: Who We Are, Causes/Etiology, Patient/Provider Communication, Screening, Disparities, Outcomes, and References. See more at Intercultural Cancer Council Records.