Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effectiveness Of Alcohol Craving Control Program On Alcohol Consumption In Persons With Alcohol Dependence, S Suktrakul, J Yunibhand, W. Chaiyawat

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Introduction : Alcohol consumption is an individual phenomenon. However, it imposes significant burden on society and its harms the health of the drinker as well as others. Persons with alcohol dependence lack the ability to control their consumption and continue and/or increase consumption, despite adverse consequences presented. Alcohol dependence is a serious health problem; it is a chronic disease that affects the cost of health care. With the alteration of health that may limit what a person can do for himself and may limit his ability to have healthy living and well-being. A factor related to continue and/ or increase …

Application Of Roy's Adaptation Model In Nursing Care For Patients With End Stage Renal Disease Requiring Hemodialysis, K Yodchai, A Oumtanee, Y Matchim, N. Niyomthai

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

This article details an application of Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM) in providing nursing care for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) experiencing changes associated with required haemodialysis (HD). RAM guides the assessment of the patients’ levels of adaptation and facilitates the management of stimuli to promote their adaptation. The nursing intervention focuses on issues surrounding the adverse effects of HD treatment including physical, psychological, and social changes.

Stress And Associated Factors Among Ruamkatanyu Rescue Workers In Bangkok Mmetropolis, P Somboon, C. Roomruangwong

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Ruamkatanyu rescue workers is a special properties and especial individual occupation. They are working with injured and emergency patients which may have additional work danger that have effect on physical, emotional and any pressure. However, the prevalence and predictors of stress in this group of subject have not been studied. This aim of study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of stress among Ruamkatanyu rescue workers in Bangkok Metropolis. Objective : To study stress and associated factors among Ruamkatanyu rescue workers in Bangkok Metropolis. Design : A cross – sectional descriptive study. Setting : Ruamkatanyu rescue …

From Bench To Bedside And Beyond: Potential Uses Of Vivo In An Academic Medical Center, John C. Kairys, Md, Facs, Jack London, Phd, Karl Steiner, Phd

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

PowerPoint presentation:  From Bench to Bedside and Beyond:Potential Uses of VIVO in an Academic Medical Center.

Exploring The Sleeping Experiences Of Shiftwork Nurses, Patricia A. Doty

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

Shiftwork scheduling in nursing can lead to diminished health status, quality of life and job dissatisfaction, and it can contribute significantly to decreases in the quality of patient care. In light of the current nursing shortage, and the increasing need for healthcare professionals and services in the coming years, it is imperative that nursing administrators focus on identifying and implementing interventions that counteract the deleterious effects of shiftwork now. This investigation was conducted to explore the sleeping experiences of shiftwork nurses. A convenience sample of 69 (N = 69) licensed nurses working day shift, evenings, nights and rotating shifts at …

Strategies To Reduce Disease Burden From Diabetes And Hypertension In Developing World, Waris Qidwai

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Perceptual And Acoustical Comparisons Of Motor Speech Practice Options For Children With Childhood Apraxia Of Speech, Amy Nordness

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) need intensive and accurate practice to establish an accurate motor plan and improve their speech production. Computer-led practice led to a greater quantity of practice and was preferred over parent-led practice. Further knowledge regarding children’s accuracy of speech during independent practice is needed to determine if computer-led practice is a viable practice tool. Twelve children diagnosed with CAS, between 3-0 and 7-11 years of age, participated in speech practice during computer-led, parent-led, and clinician-led practice. Comparisons of perceptual accuracy of consonants and vowels, acoustical accuracy of stops, vowels, and fricatives, and variability of …

Child/Adolescent Sexual Abuse And Alcohol: Proposed Pathways To Problematic Drinking In College Via Ptsd Symptoms, Emotion Dysregulation, And Dissociative Tendencies, Alicia K. Klanecky

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Research has discussed the use of alcohol to self-medicate posttraumatic stress (PTSD) symptoms following child/adolescent sexual abuse (CASA). Less research has examined the self-medication hypothesis in college students. Further, investigation of the self-medication hypothesis generally precludes the integration of additional psychological vulnerabilities that may impact students’ alcohol consumption. Supported by the “dynamic” stress-diathesis perspective, emotion regulation (ER) difficulties and insufficient dissociative tendencies existing prior to and potentially altered after CASA exposure may relate to problematic alcohol use. The current study aimed to provide an initial, cross-sectional examination of 1) the relations between CASA exposure severity and alcohol use, 2) the …

Reassessing The Architecture Of The Health Beliefs Models In Low-Income Diverse Families, Krista B. Highland

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Health beliefs contribute to health outcomes. These health beliefs extend to include health beliefs parents have regarding their children’s health. However, the role of parental health beliefs remains unexplored among a low-income population. This study aims to assess these beliefs and the effects they have on child health. Furthermore, this study aims to delineate potential belief differences between socioecological-level groups (e.g. population density, Latino identification, and insurance coverage).  The long-term goal is to understand the relationships among various personal health beliefs and parental health beliefs, psychosocial factors, community factors, cultural factors, organizational factors, and healthcare perceptions among this at-risk population. …

Intent Of Expecting Fathers To Encourage Breastfeeding, Perceptions Of Support And Barriers To Encouraging Breastfeeding, Katrina Harwood

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Breastfeeding is well known to be the optimal feeding method for healthy infants.  Although the benefits of breastfeeding have been well documented, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 2010 breastfeeding report card, breastfeeding rates at 3months, 6 months and 12 months post-partum have fallen below the objectives set by Healthy People 2010.  A mother’s decision to breastfeed has been associated with a variety of factors including, income, education level, geographic location and level of breastfeeding support provided by health care professionals, her mother and the infant’s father.  The father of the unborn child has been identified as being …

A New Single Workbout Test To Estimate Critical Power And Anaerobic Work Capacity, Haley Bergstrom

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The purpose of the present study was to develop a new 3-min, single workbout test to estimate critical power (CP) and anaerobic work capacity (AWC) using the Monark cycle ergometer with the resistance based on the individual’s body weight. Twelve moderately-trained adults (6 men and 6 women; mean age ± SD = 23.2 ± 3.5 yr) performed an incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion. The CP and AWC were estimated from the original work limit (W_lim) versus time limit (T_lim) relationship (CP_PT) and a 3-min all-out test (CP_3min) against a fixed resistance …

Characteristics Of Gafchromictm Ebt Film For Dosimetric Verification For High Energy Photon Beams, P Wongjom, S Suriyapee, T Sanghangthum, S Oonsiri, P. Insang

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Objective : The objectives of this research are to study the characteristics of GafchromicTM EBT film for 6 MV x-ray beams and to verify isodose distribution of advanced radiation treatment techniques. Study design : Observational descriptive study. Setting : Division of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University. Materials and Methods : The characteristics of Epson perfection V700 flat-bed color CCD were observed for the response, the repeatability, the reproducibility and color band. The characteristics of GafchromicTM EBT film were studied for speed of film development, polarization, uniformity, field size and dose rate effects. The …

Sufficient Activity Is Important For Mobility Of Well-Functioning Elderly, S Amatachaya, T Thaweewannakij, K Srisim, S Wongsa, K Phiwjinda, L Mato, W. Siritarathiwat

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : The number of the elderly has been increasing but most of them are not sufficiently active. Thus the information to confirm the importance of sufficient mobility is crucial in order to delay impaired movements and decrease the number of dependent individuals. Objective : To investigate the differences of walking speed and distance, balance control and falls of sufficiently active (exercise and lifestyle active) and the eldery who are not sufficiently active. Setting : Several communities in Khon Kaen province. Research design : A cross-sectional study Subjects : One-hundred and fifty well-functioning elderly, aged 65 - 80 years old. …

Catch-Up Growth In A Girl With Prolonged Autoimmune Hypothyroidism Complicated By Precocious Puberty After Thyroid Hormone Replacement, V Supornsilchai, C Kongkanka, S. Wacharasindhu

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Decreased height velocity (HV), one of the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism which is completely reversed by appropriate thyroid hormone replacement, is called catchup growth. The objective of this report is to determine the longitudinal growth of a girl with prolonged hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated by precocious puberty. A 9-year-and-6-month-old girl presented with vaginal bleeding, growth failure and the typical physical signs of hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. She received Eltroxin replacement. The height has gained a total of 33 cm during 2 years and 6 months of treatment without additional treatment by GnRHa or any combination of GH …

Out Of The Mouths Of Babes: Vocal Production In Infant Siblings Of Children With Asd, Rhea Paul, Yael Fuerst, Gordon Ramsay, Kasia Chawarska, Ami Klin

Communication Disorders Faculty Publications

Background: Younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at higher risk for acquiring these disorders than the general population. Language development is usually delayed in children with ASD. The present study examines the development of pre-speech vocal behavior in infants at risk for ASD due to the presence of an older sibling with the disorder. Methods: Infants at high risk (HR) for ASD and those at low risk, without a diagnosed sibling (LR), were seen at 6, 9, and 12 months as part of a larger prospective study of risk for ASD in infant siblings. Standard clinical …

Establishment Of A Comprehensive Epilepsy Center In Pakistan: Initial Experiences, Results, And Reflections, Muhammad Z Tahir, Z A. Sobani, S. A. Quadri, S. Nizam Ahmed, Fowzia Siddiqui, Syed Enam Enam

Department of Surgery Docs

Background. Developing countries, home to 80% of epilepsy patients, do not have comprehensive epilepsy surgery programs. Considering these needs we set up first epilepsy surgery center in Pakistan. Methods. Seventeen teleconferences focused on setting up an epilepsy center at the Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, Pakistan were arranged with experts from the University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta, Canada and the University of West Virginia, USA over a two-year period. Subsequently, the experts visited the proposed center to provide hands on training. During this period several interactive teaching sessions, a nationwide workshop, and various public awareness events were organized. …

The Effects Of Body Characteristics On Perceived Competence, Courtney Michelle Kneip

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different body characteristics on perceived competence; specifically, height, weight, and physical appearance. Participants were asked to login to their online school accounts and were then directed to a specific survey. All surveys consisted of the same questions, but included a different photograph. Participants then listened to a pre-recorded speech after being told that the individual in the photograph was the individual giving the speech. All surveys asked participants to rate judgments of height, weight, and physical appearance, compared to the average American. The speech provided the basis for the …

Examining Dietary Acculturation In Hispanic Males Residing In South Mississippi, Diana Katherine Cuy Castellanos

Dissertations

This study explored dietary behavior in terms of dietary intake, dietary intake change and dietary contributing factors in a sample of Hispanic males residing in southern Mississippi that are at various stages of the acculturation process. Grounded theory and the bidimensional acculturation model were incorporated to identify the dietary factors and assess acculturation in each participant. Qualitative and quantitative measures were used in data collection. Qualitative measurements included Semistructured interviews, a focus group, and photovoice with group interviews. The ARSMA-II, Marginality Scale, Fruit/Vegetable and Fat Food Screeners, a psychosocial dietary questionnaire, and the New Vital Signs Food Label for Health …

Microarray-Based Analysis Of Differential Gene Expression Between Infective And Noninfective Larvae Of Strongyloides Stercoralis., Roshan Ramanathan, Sudhir Varma, José M C Ribeiro, Timothy G Myers, Thomas J Nolan, David Abraham, James B Lok, Thomas B Nutman

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Differences between noninfective first-stage (L1) and infective third-stage (L3i) larvae of parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis at the molecular level are relatively uncharacterized. DNA microarrays were developed and utilized for this purpose.

METHODS AND FINDINGS: Oligonucleotide hybridization probes for the array were designed to bind 3,571 putative mRNA transcripts predicted by analysis of 11,335 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) obtained as part of the Nematode EST project. RNA obtained from S. stercoralis L3i and L1 was co-hybridized to each array after labeling the individual samples with different fluorescent tags. Bioinformatic predictions of gene function were developed using a novel cDNA Annotation …

Comparison Of Human Memory Cd8 T Cell Responses To Adenoviral Early And Late Proteins In Peripheral Blood And Lymphoid Tissue., Amita Joshi, Biwei Zhao, Cara Romanowski, David Rosen, Phyllis Flomenberg

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Treatment of invasive adenovirus (Ad) disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients with capsid protein hexon-specific donor T cells is under investigation. We propose that cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) targeted to the late protein hexon may be inefficient in vivo because the early Ad protein E3-19K downregulates HLA class I antigens in infected cells. In this study, CD8+ T cells targeted to highly conserved HLA A2-restricted epitopes from the early regulatory protein DNA polymerase (P-977) and late protein hexon (H-892) were compared in peripheral blood (PB) and tonsils of naturally infected adults. In tonsils, epitope-specific pentamers detected a significantly …

Knowledge And Beliefs Among Health Care Workers Regarding Hepatitis B Infection And Needle Stick Injuries At A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Faiza Habib, Durreshahwar K Khan, Shan-E-Abbas, Faiza Bhatti, Afia Zafar

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a recognized occupational risk for health care workers (HCWs). This study aimed to assess the knowledge and beliefs of HCWs regarding HBV transmission and needle stick injuries (NSIs). A cross-sectional questionnaire based KAP study was conducted at Civil Hospital, Karachi, during the period of January to September 2006. HCWs were inquired about possible modes of HBV transmission and association with NSIs. Data were entered using EpiInfo 6.04d software. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 12.5 software. A total of 343 HCWs participated, and those answered at least 5 correct modes of HBV transmission were …

A Novel Shear Thinning And Thixotropic Plga Micro Particulate Suspension System For Controlled Drug Delivery, Sonia Bedi

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Poly lactide‑co‑glycolide (PLGA) polymer has been the polymer of choice for many parenteral controlled drug release applications. This is mainly due to the inherent advantages of this polymer i.e. biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxic nature. The polymer, however, has a characteristic degradation pattern whereby the final erosion phase does not begin until the polymer reaches a certain molecular weight (MW) limit. After this, the accumulated acidic degradation byproducts initiate a bulk erosion phenomenon that leads to a disruption of the polymer matrix and release of the remaining drug in a short period of time. Furthermore, most of the delivery systems or …

Characterization Of The Sigma Factor Proteins And The Dna Binding Protein Euo Of Chlamydia, Cory L. Blackwell

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Chlamydia spp. are prokaryotic obligate intracellular pathogens with a unique, biphasic developmental cycle in which an infectious, extracellular form termed the elementary body (EB) interconverts with a metabolically active intracellular reticulate body (RB) within host cells. Subsets of genes are differentially expressed during the developmental cycle, and these genes are believed to be responsible for the transitions between the EB and RB forms. The goal of these studies was to explore two potential mechanisms that may function in regulating developmental cycle stage‑specific gene expression in chlamydiae: a cascade of sigma factor expression and the binding of the early stage protein …

Impact Of Adjuvants On The Antibody Responses To Pre-Pandemic H5n1 Influenza Vaccines, Ali Hassan Ellebedy

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Human influenza pandemics occur when influenza viruses to which the population has little or no immunity emerge and acquire the ability to transmit among humans. Since their emergence in 1996, human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses presented a serious public health challenge. Additionally, H5N1 viruses caused significant agricultural and economic losses in the communities it has affected. Human infections with these viruses are rare but when they occur, these infections are highly fatal. A greater public health concern stems from the rapid evolution displayed by these viruses so far, which in turn might result in viruses …

A Behavioral And Anatomical Analysis Of Conditioned Taste Aversion In C57bl/6j And Dba/2j Mice, April Rebecca Glatt

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) has been commonly used as a model of learning and memory. Traditionally, CTA approaches have used a paradigm that follows the model of classical conditioning. This involves presentation of a novel tastant, such as sucrose (conditioned stimulus, CS), followed by an intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride that induces gastric malaise (unconditioned stimulus, US), which results in the aversion of sucrose (conditioned response, CR). However, a more natural classical conditioning paradigm involves the consumption, rather than injection, of the US by using a self‑administration paradigm that allows for time‑dependent analysis of formation, generalization, and extinction of CTA …

The Relationship Between Lower Extremity Bone Mass And Body Mass Index In A Nhanes Adolescent Population, James Randall Post

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The effect of body mass index (BMI) on bone mineral content (BMC) among adolescents has been researched yielding mixed results. This study explored the relationship of left lower extremity (LLE) BMC on BMI across the spectrum of weight in a large nationally representative group of adolescents. This descriptive study used secondary data from the publically accessible, cross-sectional survey files of the 1999-2004 Continuous National Health Assessment and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) that contained whole body dual energy X‑ray absorptiometry (DXA) data as well as BMI calculations looking at the adolescent population 12- to19-year-olds at the time of the exam. The …

Salud Y Saludos: The E-News Of The College Of Health Sciences, College Of Health Sciences

College of Health Sciences

Monthly e-newletter of the College of Health Sciences.

Mitostatin Is Down-Regulated In Human Prostate Cancer And Suppresses The Invasive Phenotype Of Prostate Cancer Cells., Matteo Fassan, Domenico D'Arca, Juraj Letko, Andrea Vecchione, Marina P Gardiman, Peter Mccue, Bernadette Wildemore, Massimo Rugge, Dolores Shupp-Byrne, Leonard G Gomella, Andrea Morrione, Renato V Iozzo, Raffaele Baffa

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

MITOSTATIN, a novel putative tumor suppressor gene induced by decorin overexpression, is expressed in most normal human tissues but is markedly down-regulated in advanced stages of mammary and bladder carcinomas. Mitostatin negatively affects cell growth, induces cell death and regulates the expression and activation levels of Hsp27. In this study, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of Mitostatin in PC3, DU145, and LNCaP prostate cancer cells not only induced a significant reduction in cell growth, but also inhibited migration and invasion. Moreover, Mitostatin inhibited colony formation in soft-agar of PC3 and LNCaP cells as well as tumorigenicity of LNCaP cells in …

Trends Over 5 Decades In U.S. Occupation-Related Physical Activity And Their Associations With Obesity, Timothy S. Church, Diana M. Thomas, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Conrad P. Earnest, Ruben Q. Rodarte, Corby K. Martin, Steven N. Blair, Claude Bouchard

Faculty Publications

Background: The true causes of the obesity epidemic are not well understood and there are few longitudinal population-based data published examining this issue. The objective of this analysis was to examine trends in occupational physical activity during the past 5 decades and explore how these trends relate to concurrent changes in body weight in the U.S.

Methodology/Principle Findings: Analysis of energy expenditure for occupations in U.S. private industry since 1960 using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Mean body weight was derived from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). In the early 1960's almost half …

Effect Of Aquatic And Body Weight Supported Treadmill Exercise On Physiological And Kinematic Measures, Jessica Ensign Wing

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of underwater treadmill (UTM), body weight supported (BWS), and land treadmill (LTM) exercise on oxygen consumption (VO₂), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and two-dimensional kinematics of the lower extremities during. Seventeen healthy and physically active male participants between the ages of 21 and 40 years performed an exercise bout for each mode of exercise. Each exercise bout lasted 7 min, consisting of 5 min of walking and 2 min of running and using the same self-selected treadmill walking and running speeds throughout all three conditions. The VO …