Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Lessons From Chimpanzee-Based Research On Human Disease: The Implications Of Genetic Differences, Jarrod Bailey

Laboratory Experiments Collection

Assertions that the use of chimpanzees to investigate human diseases is valid scientifically are frequently based on a reported 98–99% genetic similarity between the species. Critical analyses of the relevance of chimpanzee studies to human biology, however, indicate that this genetic similarity does not result in sufficient physiological similarity for the chimpanzee to constitute a good model for research, and furthermore, that chimpanzee data do not translate well to progress in clinical practice for humans. Leading examples include the minimal citations of chimpanzee research that is relevant to human medicine, the highly different pathology of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C virus …

Caring Minds, University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston School Of Nursing

Caring Minds

• Greetings
• Biobank and Centers model collaboration – Enable work of young researchers
• AccPhD Scholars Find First Year Exciting, Challenging
• Event Salutes AccPhD Donors
• Fay named to UT System’s Academy of Health Science Education
• PARTNERS Luncheon – Opera star hails nurses as “Beautiful Angels” at 2011 PARTNERS Spring Luncheon
• Hodges Voted School’s 2011 McGovern Outstanding Teacher
• Graduates soar– Steady growth and success of DNP program follows being first in Texas
• Reception honors Freds
• “Best Graduate Schools” – Guide ranks UTHealth tops in Texas/Newsbriefs
• Faculty Publications
• Faculty Research
• Endowed Faculty Positions

Obstetricians And Violence Against Women, Sonya Charles

Philosophy and Religious Studies Department Faculty Publications

I argue that the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), as an organization and through its individual members, can and should be a far greater ally in the prevention of violence against women. Specifically, I argue that we need to pay attention to obstetrical practices that inadvertently contribute to the problem of violence against women. While intimate partner violence is a complex phenomenon, I focus on the coercive control of women and adherence to oppressive gender norms. Using physician response to alcohol use during pregnancy and court-ordered medical treatment as examples, I show how some obstetrical practices mirror the …

An Examination Of The Effectiveness Of An 8-Week Bikram Yoga Program On Mindfulness, Perceived Stress, And Physical Fitness, Zoe L. Hewett, Lynda B. Ransdell, Yong Gao, Linda M. Petlichkoff, Shelley M. Lucas

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Previous research reports positive effects of yoga on health. The physical and psychological outcomes of participation in Bikram yoga are under-researched despite its increasing popularity, and this type of yoga may be significant with regards to stress management due to its unique method of practice. This study was designed to assess changes in levels of mindfulness, perceived stress, and physical fitness after participation in an 8-week Bikram yoga program. Fifty-one participants aged 20–54 years (mean, 31.57 years) were recruited by word of mouth from a large university located in the Northwestern United States. Participants attended a minimum of 20 Bikram …

Are Nursing Students’ Clinical Skills Competency And Self-Confidence Levels Improved Via Video Ipods? A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study, Margaret M. Hansen Edd, Msn, Rn

Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Mobile technologies allow students the opportunity to enhance learning while away from the traditional classroom setting. However, educational outcome research is lacking in the use of mobile health (m-health) applications in healthcare professional practice development.

Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to discover whether male and female urinary catheter insertion videos delivered via iPods increases students’ skills competency and self-confidence levels.

Methods: A prospective replicated study including second year, semester two, undergraduate nursing student participants (NSP) (N=16) was conducted: nine control participants (no video iPods) and seven intervention participants (video iPods). Nursing students attending a mandatory skills …

The Blend Of Traditional And Modern Medicine: Case Studies From Latin America As Lessons For The United States, Jessica Worley

World Languages, Literatures and Cultures Undergraduate Honors Theses

Through the examination of the interactions between modern and alternative healthcare practices in five Latin American countries (Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Mexico, and Cuba), this thesis explores the strengths of a variety of indigenous medical practices while laying the foundation for building bridges to the modern medical establishment in the United States as a means to benefit the health of both immigrants and native citizens.

Major Families Of Multiresistant Plasmids From Geographically And Epidemiologically Diverse Staphylococci., Julia E.S. Shearer, Joy Wireman, Jessica Hostetler, Heather Forberger, Jon Borman, John Gill, Susan Sanchez, Alexander Mankin, Jacqueline Lamarre, Jodi A. Lindsay, Kenneth W. Bayles, Ainsley Nicholson, Frances O'Brien, Slade O. Jensen, Neville Firth, Ronald A. Skurray, Anne O. Summers

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Staphylococci are increasingly aggressive human pathogens suggesting that active evolution is spreading novel virulence and resistance phenotypes. Large staphylococcal plasmids commonly carry antibiotic resistances and virulence loci, but relatively few have been completely sequenced. We determined the plasmid content of 280 staphylococci isolated in diverse geographical regions from the 1940s to the 2000s and found that 79% of strains carried at least one large plasmid >20 kb and that 75% of these large plasmids were 20-30 kb. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, we grouped 43% of all large plasmids into three major families, showing remarkably conserved intercontinental spread …

Dietary Supplement Education In A Senior Population, Kimberly G. Elder, Sarah A. Nisly

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Background. Dietary supplements are widely used among United States senior citizens for various indications. Potential dangers with supplement use include the lack of regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the possibility for drug-supplement interactions. Senior focused education may in- crease the safe use of dietary supplements by older adults.

Objective. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a pharmacist driven educational seminar in a local senior population.

Methods. Participants aged 55 years and older in one of three senior programs were eligible for inclusion. Initially, a needs-assessment interview was con- ducted …

Measuring Accessibility To Primary Care Physicians In The Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area, Sami M. Almudaris

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The growing concern for the shortage of primary care physicians (PCPs) prompted a government legislation to designate areas where shortage in the delivery of primary care services occurs. The implemented systems (e.g., HPSA, MUA, and MUP) analyze utilization of health services within confined administrative units and fail to account for spatial interactions that occur across administrative borders. This research examines the spatial accessibility to PCPs and the underlying demographic and socioeconomic settings. With the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as a study area, this study utilized data from the U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, as well as the known locations …

Effects Of Synthetic Cortical Bone Thickness And Force Vector Application On Temporary Anchorage Device Pull-Out Strength As Related To Clinical Perspectives Of Practicing Orthodontists, Ira Rothstein

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

December 2011.

A thesis submitted to the College of Dental Medicine of Nova Southeastern University of the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry.

Background: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) provide a versatile means by which orthodontic anchorage can be established without the need for patient compliance and complex force systems. Their use is predicated on their ability to remain stable throughout the course of treatment in which they are needed. This has been shown to be the result of "primary stability" which is achieved through mechanical interlocking of the screw threads with the surrounding bone immediately upon placement. Therefore, evaluating …

Specific Contributions Of Ventromedial, Anterior Cingulate, And Lateral Prefrontal Cortex For Attentional Selection And Stimulus Valuation., Daniel Kaping, Martin Vinck, R Matthew Hutchison, Stefan Everling, Thilo Womelsdorf

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Attentional control ensures that neuronal processes prioritize the most relevant stimulus in a given environment. Controlling which stimulus is attended thus originates from neurons encoding the relevance of stimuli, i.e. their expected value, in hand with neurons encoding contextual information about stimulus locations, features, and rules that guide the conditional allocation of attention. Here, we examined how these distinct processes are encoded and integrated in macaque prefrontal cortex (PFC) by mapping their functional topographies at the time of attentional stimulus selection. We find confined clusters of neurons in ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) that predominantly convey stimulus valuation information during attention shifts. …

Maine's Community Living Program: Implementation And Outcomes, Julie T. Fralich Mba, Mark Richards Bs, Louise Olsen

Disability & Aging

In 2009, the Office of Elder Services, Maine Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), was awarded a grant from the Administration on Aging (AoA) under its Community Living Program (CLP). The overall goal of the CLP announcement was to strengthen the capacity of the Aging Network to target and serve individuals at highest risk of residential facility placement by offering flexible services including consumer directed options. Over the last five years, options counseling has evolved from a general set of activities and functions within AAAs/ADRCs to a more standardized and generally accepted role within the Aging Network. With the …

Wind Turbines And Health, Richard Philp

Data and Test Instruments

In an effort to reduce the polluting effects of coal-fired electrical generators the Province of Ontario passed the Green Energy Act in 2009. Included in the act were clauses that removed authority from regional governments to control the placement of wind turbine or solar panel 'farms'. In concequence, forests of wind turbines sprang up throughout rural Ontario, angering rural residents and the tourist industry. Despite government claims that low frequency noise (LFN) posed no risks to health, hundreds of complaints quickly surfaced from people experiencing sleep disruption, headache, dizziness, and a host of other neurobehavioural adverse effects. This article reviews …

Vibrotactile Working Memory As A Model Paradigm For Psychology, Neuroscience, And Computational Modeling, Tyler D. Bancroft, William E. Hockley, Philip Servos

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Outcomes In St Elevation Myocardial Infarction; A Comparison Of A Tertiary Care Center In Pakistan With European Centers, Sadia Arshad, Sajid Dhakam, Safia Awan

Section of Cardiology

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and in hospital outcome data of patients presenting to the Aga Khan University Hospital with ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and its comparison with data from patients enrolled in the European Heart registry for the same duration.METHODS: Data on 296 patients with STEMI was prospectively collected from 1st January 2010, till 31st December 2010 from the cardiology section at the Aga Khan University Hospital. European data was collected on 7485 patients retrieved from the Eurobservational Research programme Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry 2010 for the same duration.RESULTS: A total of 296 patients were enrolled from …

Dural Sinus Thrombosis A Local Experience At Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, Maimoona Siddiqui, Nadia Mehboob, Ismail A. Khatri

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Contact Lens-Related Visual Loss: A Case Series From Karachi, Tanveer Anjum Chaudhry, Sarah Sarfraz, Qazi Assad Khan, Khabir Ahmad

Section of Ophthalmology

All cases of corneal ulcers, presenting at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi between January 2006 and December 2010 were reviewed. Information was obtained regarding socio-demography, the cause of ulcer, prior treatment and visual acuity. Afterwards, contact-lens specific information such as the type of lens and purpose and duration of lens usage was obtained from the participants by phone interviews.
There were 59 persons with unilateral ulcers and 4 had bilateral presentation. The mean age of the study participants was 27.79 +/- 14.51 years while the median age as 24 years. Of these, 87 %had a visual acuity less than …

Early Hearing Detection And Intervention: Diagnostic Hearing Assessment Practices, Karen F. Muñoz, Lauri H. Nelson, N. Goldgewicht, D. Odell

Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education Faculty Publications

Purpose

To gain an understanding of practice patterns for infant diagnostic hearing services at pediatric audiology facilities.

Method

The authors used a cross-sectional survey design. From August to November of 2009, surveys were mailed to 1,091 facilities in 28 states and the District of Columbia. One survey was completed per facility, and responses were anonymous.

Results

The return rate was 33% (356 surveys). The results revealed that the comprehensiveness of the test batteries used varied among facilities. Over half of the respondents, 146 (55%), reported using a limited test battery, 94 facilities reported using a comprehensive test battery but lacked …

Constructive Developmental Theory: An Alternative Approach To Leadership, Anne Marie B. Hunter, Nancy M. Lewis, Paula K. Ritter-Gooder

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

As early as 1954, the critical value of leadership in dietetics was described by Rourke, who wrote, “When the day comes that your executive abilities equal your scientific knowledge, your profession (dietetics) will be secure. Until that day, you will be faced with a constant and unwelcome challenge” (1). Career and leadership skills development have been identified as an area for further attention by American Dietetic Association (ADA) practitioners and student members (2). Creation of the ADA Leadership Institute in 2003 represented an awareness of the need to invest in developing dietetic leaders (3). Proficient leaders are critical in keeping …

Assessing Two Spirometric Criteria Of Pre-Bronchodilator And Post-Bronchodilator Fev1/Fvc Ratio In Detecting Air Flow Obstruction, Zeeshan Waheed, Muhammad Irfan, Ahmed Suleman Haque, Najmul Hasan Siddiqui, Safia Awan, Beenish Syed, Javaid Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

OBJECTIVES: To assess the Pre-bronchodilator criteria and the Post-bronchodilator criteria of FEV1/FVC ratio in diagnosing Airflow obstruction.

METHODS: An observational study was conducted from 1988 to 2006 at the Aga Khan University Hospital Patients referred to the pulmonary function test laboratory for spirometry with bronchodilator reversibility at the hospital during the above said period were enrolled. Forced spirometry was performed according to ATS guidelines. All patients who had pre-bronchodilator criteria of airflow obstruction were analyzed and compared with the post bronchodilator criteria.

RESULTS: A total of 4222 individuals underwent spirometry out of which 4072 individuals were studied. Using the pre …

Full Issue, The Mcnair Team

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Graduate Scholar Profiles, The Mcnair Team

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

The Evolution Of Cauterization: From The Hot Iron To The Bovie., Michelle F. Deleon, Ms, Charles J. Yeo, Md, Pinckney Maxwell, Iv, Md

Department of Surgery Gibbon Society Historical Profiles

The Bovie electrocautery has become a fundamental tool of modern-day surgery, particularly for its integral role in hemostasis, yet despite this landmark invention and its widespread use, there is very little said about the man behind the machine: William T. Bovie. It would be thousands of years from the inception of cautery in medicine until the birth of Dr. Bovie and his device. However, his work in biophysics and collaboration with Dr. Harvey Cushing would revolutionize surgical practice in the early 20th century and forever ingrain his name into the field of surgery.

Variations In Practice Patterns Among Neurosurgeons And Orthopaedic Surgeons In The Management Of Spinal Disorders, Manzar Hussain, Sadaf Nasir, Amber Moed, Ghulam Murtaza

Section of Neurosurgery

Study design: This is a case series.
Purpose: We wanted to identify variations in the practice patterns among neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons for the management of spinal disorders.
Overview of literature: Spinal disorders are common in the clinical practice of both neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons. It has been observed that despite the availability of various guidelines, there is lack of consensus among surgeons about the management of various disorders.
Methods: A questionnaire was distributed, either directly or via e-mail, to the both the neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons who worked at 5 tertiary care centers within a single region of Korea. …

Role Of Pre-Hospital Care And Ambulance Services In Karachi, Syed Muhammad Baqir, Kiran Ejaz

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Teachers’ And Parents’ Perspective As How The Social Environment Of Immediate Vicinity Can Affect The Academic Learning Of A Child 4-6 Years Age Group, Salma Amin Rattani, Deedar Shah

School of Nursing & Midwifery

In the process of human development environment plays a pivotal role. At the age of 4 -6 years, children's immediate vicinity expands from home to school and in his social environment parents and teachers play a vital role. Therefore, in this study which was conducted in Phander district Ghizer, Northern areas; of Pakistan, employing descriptive research design five parents and five school teachers were enrolled. Participants shared their definition and understanding about social environment and immediate vicinity and its effects on academic learning. This research is part of Advanced Diploma in Human Development: Early Child Development Programme, Aga Khan University. …

Message From The Senior Vice Provost And Dean Of Undergraduate Studies, The Mcnair Team

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Notes From The Director, The Mcnair Team

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Friends Of The Library Mcnair Scholarship Awards, The Mcnair Team

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Mentor Profile, The Mcnair Team

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.