Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Women’S Health Disparities And Midwifery Care: Spotlight On New Hampshire, Dorothy Hiersteiner

Publications from the Center for Women in Politics and Public Policy

New Hampshire faces significant obstacles to serving the nearly 6% of the population living in medically underserved areas. In addition, many residents of New Hampshire are uninsured, limiting their access to vital medical care. According to 2007-8 data, the racial/ethnic breakdown of New Hampshire residents is: 1% African American/black, 2% Hispanic, 94% non-Hispanic white and 3% Other. In 2005, 5.9% of the total New Hampshire population was foreign born.1 Since 1996, New Hampshire has seen increases in low birth weight births, cesarean births2, and infant mortality with racial/ethnic disparities reflected in most maternal and infant indicators.

Women’S Health Disparities And Midwifery Care: Spotlight On Maine, Dorothy Hiersteiner

Publications from the Center for Women in Politics and Public Policy

With a large percentage of its population living in rural areas, Maine faces obstacles to providing adequate prenatal and maternity care to many women. The vast majority (96.2%) of Maine residents are non-Hispanic white, 1.2% are African American/black, 1.4% are Hispanic and 1.2% have other racial/ethnic backgrounds.

Women’S Health Disparities And Midwifery Care: Spotlight On Vermont, Dorothy Hiersteiner

Publications from the Center for Women in Politics and Public Policy

In Vermont, racial and ethnic dispariti es in low birth weight and preterm birth rates exist alongside racial and ethnic disparities in health insurance coverage and use of preventative care. As of 2005, the percentage of racial and ethnic minorities in Vermont was approximately 3.3%, compared to 25% for the nation as a whole. In 2005, 3.4% of the Vermont population was foreign born.

Women’S Health Disparities And Midwifery Care: Spotlight On Rhode Island, Dorothy Hiersteiner

Publications from the Center for Women in Politics and Public Policy

Rhode Islanders face unique health disparities based on race, ethnicity and location. Just over six percent (6.3%) of the Rhode Island population is living in Primary Care Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs), according to 2008 data. Native American and African American/black communities face particular health disparities, specifically in the areas of reproductive and infant health. In 2008, 79% of the Rhode Island population was non-Hispanic white, while 5% was African-American/black, 11% was Hispanic and 5% had other racial/ethnic backgrounds. In 2005, 12.4% of the total Rhode Island population was foreign born.

Commute Times, Food Retail Gaps, And Body Mass Index In North Carolina Counties, Stephanie B. Jilcott, Haiyong Liu, Justin B. Moore, Jeffrey W. Bethel, James Wilson, Alice S. Ammerman

Faculty Publications

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is higher in rural than in urban areas of the United States, for reasons that are not well understood. We examined correlations between percentage of rural residents, commute times, food retail gap per capita, and body mass index (BMI) among North Carolina residents.

Methods: We used 2000 census data to determine each county's percentage of rural residents and 1990 and 2000 census data to obtain mean county-level commute times. We obtained county-level food retail gap per capita, defined as the difference between county-level food demand and county-level food sales in 2008, from the North Carolina …

Residence In A Distressed County In Appalachia As A Risk Factor For Diabetes, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2006-2007, Lawrence Barker, Richard Crespo, Robert B. Gerzoff, Sharon Denham, Molly Shrewsberry, Darrlyn Cornelius-Averhart

Family and Community Health

Introduction

We compared the risk of diabetes for residents of Appalachian counties to that of residents of non-Appalachian counties after controlling for selected risk factors in states containing at least 1 Appalachian county.

Methods

We combined Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2006 and 2007 and conducted a logistic regression analysis, with self-reported diabetes as the dependent variable. We considered county of residence (5 classifications for Appalachian counties, based on economic development, and 1 for non-Appalachian counties), age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, household income, smoking status, physical activity level, and obesity to be independent variables. The classification “distressed” refers to …

Bpab, A Novel Protein Encoded By The Lyme Disease Spirochete's Cp32 Prophages, Binds To Erp Operator 2 Dna, Logan H. Burns, Claire A. Adams, Sean P. Riley, Brandon L. Jutras, Amy Bowman, Alicia M. Chenail, Anne E. Cooley, Laura A. Haselhorst, Alisha M. Moore, Kelly Babb, Michael G. Fried, Brian Stevenson

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Borrelia burgdorferi produces Erp outer surface proteins throughout mammalian infection, but represses their synthesis during colonization of vector ticks. A DNA region 5′ of the start of erp transcription, Operator 2, was previously shown to be essential for regulation of expression. We now report identification and characterization of a novel erp Operator 2-binding protein, which we named BpaB. erp operons are located on episomal cp32 prophages, and a single bacterium may contain as many as 10 different cp32s. Each cp32 family member encodes a unique BpaB protein, yet the three tested cp32-encoded BpaB alleles all bound to the same DNA …

Time Will Tell: Community Acceptability Of Hiv Vaccine Research Before And After The "Step Study" Vaccine Discontinuation, Paula M. Frew, Mark J. Mulligan, Su-I Hou, Kayshin Chan, Carlos Del Rio

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Objective This study examines whether men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and transgender (TG) persons’ attitudes, beliefs, and risk perceptions toward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine research have been altered as a result of the negative findings from a phase 2B HIV vaccine study. Design We conducted a cross-sectional survey among MSM and TG persons (N = 176) recruited from community settings in Atlanta from 2007 to 2008. The first group was recruited during an active phase 2B HIV vaccine trial in which a candidate vaccine was being evaluated (the “Step Study”), and the second group was recruited after product futility was widely reported …

J Am Coll Dent 2010 77 3

Journal of the American College of Dentists

The Journal of the American College of Dentists (JACD) publishes scholarly articles, editorials, essays, and reflections addressing the ethical, professional, and social dimensions of dentistry. The Journal serves as a forum for advancing ethics, professionalism, leadership, and excellence within the dental community. By fostering dialogue across disciplines and perspectives, JACD provides readers with insights that encourage ethical, professional practice, lifelong learning, and service to the public, reinforcing dentistry’s commitment to advancing oral healthcare and the common good.

Prevalences Of Giardia Lamblia And Cryptosporidium Parvum Infection In Adults Presenting With Chronic Diarrhoea, Javed Yakoob, Zaigham Abbas, M. Asim Beg, Shagufta Naz, Rustam Khan, Muhammad Islam, Wasim Jafri

Section of Gastroenterology

iardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum are both waterborne pathogens associated with diarrhoea in developing countries. In a recent study based at the Aga Khan University in Karachi, 334 adults aged 16–83 years (178 patients with chronic diarrhoea and 156 diarrhoea-free volunteers who acted as controls) were checked for infection with these parasites, using stool microscopy and/or PCR. Overall, 21 (6.3%) and 29 (8.7%) of the subjects were found positive for G. lamblia by microscopy and PCR, respectively, while the corresponding values for C. parvum were 13 (3.9%) and 14 (4.2%). Although, compared with the diarrhoea-free controls, the patients with diarrhoea …

What Psychiatry, Developmental Psychology, And Neuroscience Can Teach Us About At- Risk Students, Eileen P. Ryan

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Detecting And Engaging At-Risk Students, Ann P. Haas

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

What The Governor’S Panel Learned, Aradhana "Bela" Sood

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

The Intellectual And Moral Integrity Of Bioethics: Response To Commentaries On "A Case Study In Unethical Transgressive Bioethics: 'Letter Of Concern From Bioethicists' About The Prenatal Administration Of Dexamethasone"., Laurence B Mccullough, Frank A Chervenak, Robert L Brent, Benjamin Hippen

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

In our target article we showed that the Letter of Concern (LoC) fails to meet accepted standards for presenting empirical data for the purpose of supplementing a normative claim and for argument-based normative ethics. The LoC fails to meet the standards of evidence-based reasoning by making false claims, failing to reference data that undermine its key premises, and misrepresenting and misinterpreting the scientific publications it selectively references. The LoC fails to meet the standards of argument-based reasoning by treating as settled matters what are, instead, ongoing controversies, offering “mere opinion” as a substitute for argument, and making contradictory claims. The …

The Effects Of A Combined Supplementation Of Creatine And Sodium Bicarbonate On Repeated Sprint Performance, James Jeremy Barber, Todd Hagobian, Karen Mcgaughey, Ann Yelmokas Mcdermott, Jennifer Davis Olmstead

Master's Theses

Abstract The Effects of a Combined Supplementation of Creatine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Repeated Sprint Performance James Jeremy Barber There is well-established research that suggests both creatine and sodium bicarbonate are effective ergogenic aids. However, only one published study has examined the combined effects of creatine and sodium bicarbonate. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a combined supplementation of creatine monohydrate and sodium bicarbonate would further enhance the well-documented effects of creatine supplementation alone on repeated sprint performance. Thirteen healthy and fit males (Mean age = 21.15 ± 0.65 years and mean VO2 max = 66.72 …

Training For Equipment Maintenance And Repair, Sam Powdrill, Ismael Cordero, V Srinivasan

Health and Clinical Sciences Faculty Publications

In order to ensure the that equipment functions well, both equipment users and the equipment maintenance and repair team must be trained. Users must be trained in basic care and maintenance of equipment, and the equipment team must be trained to undertake repairs and more complex maintenance tasks.

Percutaneous Cholecystostomy (Pc) In The Management Of Acute Cholecystitis In High Risk Patients, Shaista Afzal Saeed, Imrana Masroor

Department of Radiology

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) regarding complications and outcome in the management of acute cholecystitis in patients high risk for surgery and anaesthesia and not responding to conservative management.

STUDY DESIGN: Observational case series.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was carried out at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2003 to December 2007.

METHODOLOGY: The study included patients admitted with acute cholecystitis considered unfit for immediate surgery but not responding to conservative management. Percutaneous cholecystostomy was conducted under ultrasound guidance. The studied variables included patients' demographics, co-morbid, ultrasound findings of biliary …

Huddle Up! Collective Responsibility To Positively Impact Workflow And Patient Safety, Christine Marakovits Bsn, Rn, Jessica Beaver Bsn, Rn, Beth A. Kessler Bsn, Rn, Bc, Maryann Lubinensky Rn

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

The Surge Of H1n1: A Patient Safety Initiative, Charlotte Buckenmyer Ms, Rn, Cen, Constance Simpson Rn, Kristine Weitzel Rn, Sandra Sabbatini Bsn, Rn, Tara Lynne Wisniewiski Bsn, Rn

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

The White Rose Program – Assuring Respect And Dignity For The Terminally Ill., Miriam Ramos-Martinez Msn, Rn, Cmsrn, Tami Meltsch Bsn, Rn, Pccn, Cnml.

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

Genetic Variants In Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial Genes Influence Aids Progression, Sher L. Hendrickson, J. A. Lautenberger, Leslie Wei Chinn, Michael Malasky, Lawrence Kingsley, James J. Goedert, Gregory D. Kirk, Edward Gomperts, Susan Buchbinder, Jennifer L. Troyer, Stephen J. O'Brien

Biology Faculty Articles

Background: The human mitochondrial genome includes only 13 coding genes while nuclear-encoded genes account for 99% of proteins responsible for mitochondrial morphology, redox regulation, and energetics. Mitochondrial pathogenesis occurs in HIV patients and genetically, mitochondrial DNA haplogroups with presumed functional differences have been associated with differential AIDS progression.

Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we explore whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 904 of the estimated 1,500 genes that specify nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins (NEMPs) influence AIDS progression among HIV-1 infected patients. We examined NEMPs for association with the rate of AIDS progression using genotypes generated by an Affymetrix 6.0 genotyping array of 1,455 …

Quantification Of Localized Brain Iron Sources Using Magnetic Resonance Phase, Grant Alexander Mcauley

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Brain microbleeds (BMB), often present in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and neurotrauma, are associated with both chronic and acute illness of significant social and economic impact. Because BMB present a source of potentially cyctotoxic iron to the brain proportional to the amount of extravasated blood, non-invasive quantification of this iron pool is potentially valuable both to assess tissue risk and as a biomarker to monitor disease progression, treatment efficacy, and inform treatment. Past efforts to quantify brain iron have focused on distributed (e.g., anatomical) brain regions. However, BMB represent localized sources of iron deposition. In addition, conventional "magnitude" MR images …

Body Image Satisfaction In Infant And Pediatric Cardiac Transplant Recipients As Adolescents, Danusia Nedilskyj

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

With the long-term survival rate of infant and pediatric heart transplant recipients reaching as high as 85%, there is now a significant number of these youths entering adolescence. Although psychological factors thought to be associated with pediatric heart transplant have reached clearer delineation in the literature, few studies have been conducted. Given the emphasis on development typically seen in adolescence combined with the unique experience of receiving a heart transplant, factors such as body image, self-perception, stress and mood have emerged from the literature. As such, this study assessed psychosocial variables of body image satisfaction, self-concept, depression, and social stress …

Risk For Developmental Delay In Non-Syndromic Craniosynostosis, Sharis Nazarian

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Non-syndromic craniosynostosis is a craniofacial condition where there is a premature fusion of a calvarial suture. There are four subtypes of craniosynostosis, each one reflecting the suture that is fused (metopic, sagittal, coronal synostosis, and lambdoid synostosis). Research suggests that non-syndromic craniosynostosis is associated with an increased risk of developmental delay, behavioral problems, and learning disabilities. This was an archival study with 30 participants being treated at the Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital Craniofacial Team Center. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between risk for developmental delay and type of craniosynostosis using the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental …

Facial Type Analysis Comparison Between Mri, Cbct, And Lateral Cephalometrics, Matthew A. Sanders

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Single Cephalometric measurements are comparable between Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRl) and Conventional Lateral Cephalometric (LC) imaging methods. This study evaluated the agreement between the three imaging methods in facial type analysis (using a composite of 5 cephalometric measures).

Methods and Materials: Twenty-two subjects participated in this study. Cranial images were generated via three modalities: LC, CBCT and MRl. Cephalometric landmarks were identified on the three images per subject and a facial type analysis performed. An equally weighted facial type calculation composed of 5 cephalometric measurements (facial axis, facial depth, mandibular plane, lower face height, …

Work Of Fracture In Ceramic Bracket Bonding Systems, Tye A. Roylance

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Work of fracture (WOE) is a method of analysis of the toughness or resilience of a bracket bonding system. It is an indication of a bracket bonding systems ability to withstand forces in the mouth below the force at which failure occurs. Work of fracture gives an indication of how much abuse the bracket/bonding system can withstand and still maintain an adequate adhesion to the tooth surface. This analysis incorporates shear bond strength and displacement and is determined in part by the elasticity and resilience of the specimen being studied.

Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty bovine teeth …

Comparison Of Non-Surgical And Surgical Endodontic Retreatment: A Systematic Review, Robert Corr

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Primary root canal therapy has been shown to be a predictable procedure with a high degree of success ^1-4, however failures can occur after treatment. Treatment options for the preservation of teeth that have had previous endodontic treatment but demonstrate persistent disease include non-surgical (orthograde) or surgical (retrograde) endodontic retreatment, assuming the tooth is restorable, periodontally sound, and the patient desires to retain the tooth. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the current available evidence to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of nonsurgical with those of surgical endodontic retreatment. Methodology began with …

Correlating The Slope Of The Vomer With Cephalometric Vectors Of Facial Growth, Ryan Michael Pulfer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

It is important for orthodontists to have a basic understanding of the growth and development of the face. Scott's nasal septal cartilage theory proposes that the cartilage of the nasal septum proliferates along the anterior slope of the vomer bone by interstitial growth, simultaneously pulling and displacing the maxilla downward and forward. It is therefore logical to conclude that the vector of nasomaxillary growth has a geometric correlation with the anterior slope of the vomer bone.

There are no published studies comparing either the anterior or posterior slope of the vomer with any lateral cephalometric landmarks, the vectors of nasomaxillary …

Creating Prediction Models For Obstructive Sleep Apnea Based On Gender, Jeffrey Hwang

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common chronic disorder that is characterized by repetitive episodes of airflow cessation or reduction occurring during sleep as a result of partial or complete upper airway obstruction. These recurrent events have a tremendous impact on the cardiovascular system with a multitude of dangerous consequences. Numerous studies have been conducted determining etiological risk factors for OSA including anatomical predictors which have been observed with multiple imaging techniques. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a low-radiation mode of imaging that can be used to accurately identify anatomical landmarks and measure craniofacial relationships and airway dimensions. …

Microct Study Of Critical-Sized Defects Restored With A New Rhbmp-2 Carrier, Joanne S. Kim

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Regenerating bone in critical-sized maxillofacial osseous defects remains a challenge. The utilization of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to form new bone has been shown to be a promising alternative to autogenous bone grafts, and the development of a carrier matrix to effectively deliver the rhBMP-2 has been identified as the critical factor necessary for the successful clinical application of rhBMP-2. The objective of this study was to perform a microCT analysis to examine the density of reconstructed bone using different rhBMP-2 carriers in critical-sized defects.

Material and Methods: Critical-sized defects (approximately 2.5 cm) were created in the …