Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Exercise And Type 2 Diabetes: The American College Of Sports Medicine And The American Diabetes Association: Joint Position Statement, Sheri R. Colberg, Ronald J. Sigal, Bo Fernhall, Judith G. Regensteiner, Bryan J. Blissmer, Richard R. Rubin, Lisa Chasen-Taber, Ann L. Albrigjht, Barry Braun

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Although physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes, many with this chronic disease do not become or remain regularly active. High-quality studies establishing the importance of exercise and fitness in diabetes were lacking until recently, but it is now well established that participation in regular PA improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes, along with positively affecting lipids, blood pressure, cardiovascular events, mortality, and quality of life. Structured interventions combining PA and modest weight loss have been shown to lower type 2 diabetes risk by up …

Bisphenol A Blood And Saliva Levels Prior To And After Dental Sealant Placement In Adults, Joyce M. Zimmerman-Downs, Deanne Shuman, Sharon C. Stull, Robert E. Ratzlaff

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a widely used (Delton® Pit & Fissure Sealant – Light Cure Opaque, DENTSPLY Professional, York, PA) pit and fissure sealant material on bisphenol A (BPA) levels in blood and saliva, among both low and high–dose groups over time.

Methods: A convenience sample of 30 adults from the Old Dominion University population were randomly and evenly divided into 2 independent variable groups: a low–dose group (1 occlusal sealant application) and high–dose group (4 occlusal sealant applications). A 2 group, time series design was used to examine the presence and concentration of BPA in serum …

Does Diabetes Mellitus Influence Pathologic Complete Response And Tumor Downstaging After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation For Esophageal And Gastroesophageal Cancer? A Two-Institution Report., Shayna L. Showalter, Ernest L. Rosato, P Rani Anne, Walter Scott, Edith Mitchell, Adam C. Berger

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Esophageal carcinoma is an aggressive disease that is often treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgical resection. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with reduced efficacy of chemoradiation (CRT) in other gastrointestinal cancers. The goal of this study was to determine if DM affects response to neoadjuvant CRT in the management of gastroesophageal carcinoma.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the esophageal cancer patient databases and subsequently analyzed those patients who received neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgical resection at two institutions, Thomas Jefferson University (TJUH) and Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC). Comparative analyses of rates of pathologic complete response rate (pCR) …

A Preliminary Study: Body Dysmorphic Disorder In Division I Women’S Collegiate Soccer Players, Tammy D. Jones

Department of Educational Administration: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) among collegiate athletes has not been clearly determined. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder found in Division I women’s soccer players. The researcher hypothesized that there would be some symptoms found within the participants of sport and that there was a need to research this area further.

The study consisted of four participants who participated in semi-structured interviews. The subjects were asked a series of questions from the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) to determine if they indicated …

The Globin Gene Family Of The Cephalochordate Amphioxus: Implications For Chordate Globin Evolution, Bettina Ebner, Georgia Panopoulou, Serge N. Vinogradov, Laurent Kiger, Michael C. Marden, Thorsten Burmester, Thomas Hankeln

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

The lancelet amphioxus (Cephalochordata) is a close relative of vertebrates and thus may enhance our understanding of vertebrate gene and genome evolution. In this context, the globins are one of the best studied models for gene family evolution. Previous biochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of an intracellular globin in notochord tissue and myotome of amphioxus, but the corresponding gene has not yet been identified. Genomic resources of Branchiostoma floridae now facilitate the identification, experimental confirmation and molecular evolutionary analysis of its globin gene repertoire.

Results

We show that B. floridae harbors at least fifteen paralogous globin genes, …

Hepatic Failure, Neonatal Hemochromatosis And Porto-Pulmonary Hypertension In A Newborn With Trisomy 21 - A Case Report, Erin Neil, Josef Cortez, Aparna Joshi, Erawati V. Bawle, Janet Poulik, Mark Zilberman, Mohammad F. El-Baba, Beena G. Sood

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Liver failure in neonates is a rare but often fatal disease. Trisomy 21 is not usually associated with significant infantile liver disease. If present, hepatic dysfunction in an infant with Trisomy 21 is likely to be attributed to transient myeloproliferative disorder with hepatic infiltration by hematopoietic elements and may be associated with secondary hemosiderosis. A less commonly recognized cause of liver failure in neonates with Trisomy 21 is neonatal hemochromatosis (NH); this association has been reported in nine cases of Trisomy 21 in literature. NH is a rare, severe liver disease of intra-uterine onset that is characterized by neonatal …

Mapping Haplotype-Haplotype Interactions With Adaptive Lasso, Ming Li, Roberto Romero, Wenjiang J. Fu, Yuehua Cui

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

The genetic etiology of complex diseases in human has been commonly viewed as a complex process involving both genetic and environmental factors functioning in a complicated manner. Quite often the interactions among genetic variants play major roles in determining the susceptibility of an individual to a particular disease. Statistical methods for modeling interactions underlying complex diseases between single genetic variants (e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs) have been extensively studied. Recently, haplotype-based analysis has gained its popularity among genetic association studies. When multiple sequence or haplotype interactions are involved in determining an individual's susceptibility to a disease, it …

Novel Cis-Trans Interactions Are Involved In Post-Transcriptional Regulation Of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor P21Waf1/Cip1 Mrna, Liyue Zhang, Anil Wali, Joseph A. Fontana, Marcia I. Dawson, Arun K. Rishi

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

A variety of pathways target CDKI p21^WAF1/CIP1 expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional as well as translational levels. We previously found that cell growth suppressing retinoid CD437 enhanced expression of p21^WAF1/CIP1 and DNA damage inducible GADD45 proteins in part by elevating their mRNA stability.

Results

Here, we investigated molecular mechanisms of CD437-dependent post-transcriptional regulation of p21^WAF1/CIP1 expression. By utilizing MDA-MB-468 HBC cells expressing chimeric rabbit β-globin-p21^WAF1/CIP1 transcripts we mapped multiple CD437-responsive sequences located within positions 1195 to 1795 of the 3'-untranslated region of p21^WAF1/CIP1 mRNA. Several cytoplasmic proteins present in MDA-MB-468, MCF-7 HBC as well …

Comparison Of Mitotic Cell Death By Chromosome Fragmentation To Premature Chromosome Condensation, Joshua B. Stevens, Batoul Y. Abdallah, Sarah M. Regan, Guo Liu, Steven W. Bremer, Christine J. Ye, Henry H. Heng

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Mitotic cell death is an important form of cell death, particularly in cancer. Chromosome fragmentation is a major form of mitotic cell death which is identifiable during common cytogenetic analysis by its unique phenotype of progressively degraded chromosomes. This morphology however, can appear similar to the morphology of premature chromosome condensation (PCC) and thus, PCC has been at times confused with chromosome fragmentation. In this analysis the phenomena of chromosome fragmentation and PCC are reviewed and their similarities and differences are discussed in order to facilitate differentiation of the similar morphologies. Furthermore, chromosome pulverization, which has been used almost …

Molecular And Therapeutic Implications Of Notch1 Signaling In Pediatric T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Amanda Larson Gedman

Wayne State University Dissertations

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) accounts for 15% of pediatric ALL cases and is associated with early relapse and inferior outcome. The poorer prognosis of T-ALL compared to B-precursor ALL may in part reflect the lack of unique features on which to base therapy. NOTCH1 mutations are of particular interest since these were reported in 37-71% of T-ALLs. The prognostic value of NOTCH1 mutations remains controversial as both favorable and unfavorable associations were reported, whereas in other studies, there were no associations between NOTCH1 mutations and treatment outcome. We explored the impact of mutations in NOTCH1, FBW7 and PTEN on …

Maternal Age At Birth And Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis Of 30 Observational Studies, Chris R. Cardwell, Lars C. Stene, Geir Joner, Max K. Bulsara, Ondrej Cinek, Joachim Rosenbauer, Johnny Ludvigsson, Mireia Jané, Jannet Svensson, Michael J. Goldacre, Thomas Waldhoer, Przamyslawa Jarosz-Chobot, Suely Ga Gimeno, Lee-Ming Chuang, Roger C. Parslow, Emma Jk Wadsworth, Amanda Chetwynd, Paolo Pozzilli, Girts Brigis, Brone Urbonaitė, Sandra Sipetic, Edith Schober, Gabriele Devoti, Constantin Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Carine E. De Beaufort, Denka Stoyanov, Karsten Buschard, Chris C. Patterson

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Objective: To investigate whether children born to older mothers have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes by performing a meta-analysis using individual patient data to adjust for recognised confounders.

Research design and methods: Relevant studies published before June 2009 were identified from MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE. Authors of studies were contacted and asked to provide individual patient data or conduct pre-specified analyses. Risk estimates of type 1 diabetes by category of maternal age were calculated for each included study, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Meta-analysis techniques were used to derive combined odds ratios, and investigate …

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques For Chronic Pain In Adults, Neil E. O'Connell, Benedict M. Wand, Louise Marston, Sally Spencer, Lorraine H. De Souza

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Description of the condition: Chronic pain is a common problem. When defined as pain of greater than three months duration, prevalence studies indicate that up to half the adult population suffer from chronic pain, and 10 to 20% experience clinically significant chronic pain (Smith 2008). In Europe 19% of adults experience chronic pain of moderate to severe intensity with serious negative implications for their social and working lives and many of these receive inadequate pain management (Breivik 2006). Chronic pain is a heterogenous phenomenon that results from a wide variety of pathologies including chronic tissue injury such as arthritis, peripheral …

Dietary Patterns And Markers For The Metabolic Syndrome In Australian Adolescents, Gina L. Ambrosini, Rae-Chi Huang, Trevor A. Mori, Beth P. Hands, Therese O'Sullivan, Nicholas H. De Klerk, Lawrence J. Beilin, Wendy H. Oddy

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background and Aims: Overweight and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as their clustering, or the metabolic syndrome, are increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents. We examined dietary patterns, CVD risk factors, and the clustering of these risk factors, in 1139 14 year olds living in Western Australia.

Methods and Results: Usual dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Two dietary patterns, ‘Western’ and ‘Healthy’, were identified using factor analysis. Associations between these dietary patterns and BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting levels of serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL C, LDL C, triglycerides …

Body Mass Index, Adiposity Rebound And Early Feeding In A Longitudinal Cohort (Raine Study), Paola Chivers, Beth P. Hands, Helen Parker, Max K. Bulsara, Lawrence Beilin, Garth Kendall, Wendy Oddy

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Objective: This study examined the influence of type and duration of infant feeding on adiposity rebound and the tracking of body mass index (BMI) from birth to 14 years.

Methods: A sample of 1330 individuals over eight follows-ups was drawn from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Trajectories of BMI from birth to adolescence using linear mixed model (LMM) analysis investigated the influence of age breastfeeding stopped and age other milk introduced (binomial 4-month cut-point). A sub-sample of LMM predicted BMI was used to determine BMI and age at nadir for early infant feeding groups.

Results: Chi square analysis …

A Cell Autonomous Role For The Notch Ligand Delta-Like 3 In Αβ T- Cell Development, Gerard F. Hoyne, Gavin Chapman, Yovina Sontani, Sharon E. Pursglove, Sally L. Dunwoodie

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Notch signalling is critical to help direct T-cell lineage commitment in early T-cell progenitors and in the development of αβ T-cells. Epithelial and stromal cell populations in the thymus express the Notch DSL (Delta, Serrate and Lag2) ligands Delta-like 1 (Dll1), Delta-like 4 (Dll4), Jagged 1 and Jagged 2, and induce Notch signalling in thymocytes that express the Notch receptor. At present there is nothing known about the role of the Delta-like 3 (Dll3) ligand in the immune system. Here we describe a novel cell autonomous role for Dll3 in αβ T-cell development. We show that Dll3 cannot activate Notch …

A Comparison Of Field Measures Of Adiposity Among Australian Adolescents From The Raine Study, Paola Chivers, Helen Parker, Beth P. Hands, Lawrence Beilin, Garth Kendall, Max Bulsara

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

This study examined the possible inter-changeability of common proxy measures of adiposity in adolescent 14 year olds from a large cohort. A sample of 1,607 adolescents (n=825 male and n=782 female) was drawn from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Bland-Altman method, and Bland regression were used to determine the level of agreement between common proxy adiposity measures. The Bland-Altman and Bland regression results supported the notion that the two indices (Waist-height-Ratio and Body-Mass-Index) are measuring a similar construct (F = .974, p = .324). However 95 percent limits of agreement differed between the methods …

3d Visualization Of Hiv Virions By Cryoelectron Tomography, Jun Liu, Elizabeth R Wright, Hanspeter Winkler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and some of its components have been difficult to study in three-dimensions (3D) primarily because of their intrinsic structural variability. Recent advances in cryoelectron tomography (cryo-ET) have provided a new approach for determining the 3D structures of the intact virus, the HIV capsid, and the envelope glycoproteins located on the viral surface. A number of cryo-ET procedures related to specimen preservation, data collection, and image processing are presented in this chapter. The techniques described herein are well suited for determining the ultrastructure of bacterial and viral pathogens and their associated molecular machines …

Subacute Neural Stem Cell Therapy For Traumatic Brain Injury, Mikhail Bogdanov, Philip N Heacock, William Dowhan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

A protocol is described using lipid mutants and thiol-specific chemical reagents to study lipid-dependent and host-specific membrane protein topogenesis by the substituted-cysteine accessibility method as applied to transmembrane domains (SCAM). SCAM is adapted to follow changes in membrane protein topology as a function of changes in membrane lipid composition. The strategy described can be adapted to any membrane system.

Psychosocial Correlates Of Insomnia Severity In Primary Care, Daniel Bluestein, Carolyn M. Rutledge, Amanda C. Healey

Ellmer School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Purpose: Insomnia is a substantive primary care issue that leads to adverse outcomes. These can be improved by addressing factors that accentuate insomnia severity. Accordingly, this study identifies correlates of insomnia severity and determines whether these relationships vary with sociodemographic attributes.

Methods: This correlational cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital-sponsored primary care clinic and 2 urban, academic family practice centers. Participants consisted of 236 patients 18 years old or older with clinically significant insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index scores of 7 or more). Surveys instruments included the Insomnia Severity Index, SF-8 (Medical Outcomes Study SF-8 global health status measure), CES-D …

The Impact Of A Coordinated Care Program On Uninsured, Chronically Ill Patients, Jennifer Neimeyer

Theses and Dissertations

This study explored how being enrolled in a program that both coordinates patient care and provides a medical home changes health care utilization for uninsured patients, more specifically those persons with chronic conditions, through the use of the Chronic Care Model and Andersen and Aday’s Behavioral Model for Access to Health Care. Uninsured patients typically seek out care in a fragmented manner, which may lead to ineffective and inefficient care, especially for conditions that may require ongoing treatment and monitoring such as chronic conditions. The methodology used to examine the relationship between the interaction of enrollment and chronic condition status …

The Impact Of Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital Payment On The Provision Of Hospital Uncompensated Care And Quality Of Care, Hui-Min Hsieh

Theses and Dissertations

Medicaid Disproportionate Share Hospital (DSH) payment is one of the major funds supporting health care providers as they treat low-income patients. However, Medicaid DSH payments have been targeted for major budget cuts in many health policy reforms. This study examines the association between the changes in Medicaid DSH payments resulting from the BBA policy changes and hospital outcomes, in terms of hospital provision of uncompensated care and quality of care. Economic theory of non-profit hospital behavior is used as a conceptual framework, and longitudinal data for California short-term, non-federal general acute care hospitals for 1996-2003 are examined. California was especially …

The Role Of The Methyl Dna Binding Domain Protein 2 (Mbd2) In Breast Cancer, Omar Mian

Theses and Dissertations

Methyl-CpG Binding Proteins (MCBPs) are thought to function as the interpreters of epigenetic information encoded in cytosine methylation. Their ability to translate DNA methylation into local transcriptional repression has sparked interest in the role of Methyl-Binding Domain Proteins (MBDs) in cancer, where repatterning of CpG methylation is common. In this dissertation I summarize and discuss observations made in the Ginder Lab linking MCBPs to the progression of neoplastic disease. It is clear from our work that the Methyl Binding Domain Protein 2 (MBD2) is necessary for the persistent repression of critical tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer. We show that …

Dendritic Spine Density Varies Between Unisensory And Multisensory Cortical Regions, Moazzum Bajwa

Theses and Dissertations

In the brain, the dendritic spine is a point of information exchange that extends the neuronal surface on which synapses occur, as well as facilitates and stabilizes those contacts. Furthermore, dendritic spines dynamically change in shape and number in response to a variety of factors. Dendritic spine numbers are reduced in mental retardation, enhanced during development, sensory enrichment or physical exercise, or fluctuate during the reproductive cycle. Thus, for a given neuron type, it might be expected that dendritic spine number might achieve a dynamic optimum. Indeed, many studies of spine density of pyramidal neurons in sensory cortex indicate that …

Alternative Regulation Of The Alginate Algd Operon By An Activated Algb In Nonmucoid Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Is Dependent On Sigma 54, Jean Kim

Theses and Dissertations

Alginate overproduction by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which causes a mucoid phenotype, is a major virulence factor associated with chronic pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Expression of the algD operon for alginate biosynthesis requires three major regulators in association with the ECF sigma factor, σ22, in mucoid strains that are typically defective in anti-sigma factor, MucA. One such algD regulator is AlgB, a member of the NtrC family of two-component systems, which typically utilize σ54. However, neither σ54 nor the cognate sensor kinase (KinB) of AlgB are required for algD expression in such mucoid strains. I hypothesized that KinB-phosphorylated AlgB must …

Novel Cinnamic Acid-Based Dehydropolymers For Emphysema: In Vitro And In Vivo Assessment Of Their Activities, Bhawana Saluja

Theses and Dissertations

Pulmonary emphysema is a serious worldwide illness, causing progressive and irreversible alveolar wall loss and difficulty in breathing. It is caused mostly by cigarette smoking. However, its unresolved complex and multiple pathogenic mechanisms have left this disease without effective pharmacotherapy. This project hypothesized that cinnamic acid-based dehydropolymers (DHPs), originally discovered as novel anti-coagulants, protect against emphysema through their potent triple inhibitory actions against oxidative stress, inflammation and elastase, some of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with this disease. Three in vitro inhibitory activity assays for oxidative stress, lung inflammation and neutrophil elastase (NE) were developed and used to identify the most …

The Role Of Synaptically Evoked Plateau Potentials In Retinogeniculate Development, Emily Dilger

Theses and Dissertations

We study the activity-dependent refinement of sensory systems by using the mouse retinogeniculate system as a model. Spontaneous retinal waves lead to robust excitatory post-synaptic activity in developing relay cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus and are reportedly needed to help guide the segregation of retinal inputs into eye-specific domains as well as for the pruning of extraneous retinal inputs onto single dLGN relay cells. The composition of retinally evoked post-synaptic activity activated by these retinal waves in dLGN is largely unknown, but based on our in vitro recordings, such activity seems well suited to …

Patient Ventilator Dyssynchrony: Types, Frequency And Patterns In Critically Ill Adults, Karen Mellott

Theses and Dissertations

Patient ventilator dyssynchrony (PVD) occurs frequently, but little is known about the types, frequency and patterns of PVD for longer than 30 minutes. Deeper levels of sedation are associated with PVD. Evaluation of ventilator graphics and the ability to identify PVD should assist clinicians to optimize patient ventilator interactions and promote earlier interventions. The purpose of this study was to identify the different types, frequency and patterns of PVD in critically ill adults and determine the effect of sedation level on PVD. Thirty medical and surgical ICU adult patients were enrolled; 27 were used for analysis. Pressure/time and flow/ time …

The Prognostic Potential Of The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor And Nuclear Factor Kappa B Pathways And Associated Therapeutic Strategies In Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Head And Neck, Pamela Wirth

Theses and Dissertations

Little is known about the signaling pathways that contribute to treatment response in advanced stage head and neck tumors. Increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) are implicated in aggressive tumor phenotypes and limited response to therapy. This study explored the rationale for combining the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib in a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with high EGFR gene amplification. Drug responses of gefitinib and bortezomib as single agents and in combination within head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines …

Parents' Perceptions And Parental Stress Related Obesity Of Children In United Arab Emirates, Salma Omar Sbait Ai-Nuaimi

Theses

Aim: This study aims to explore parents’ perception of obesity in children and stress related to obesity during childhood period in Emirate of Abu Dhabi in United Arab Emirates.

Background: The prevalence of excess weight among children is increasing in both developed and developing countries. Overweight and obesity are leading cause of the most common health problems in children. The degree of parents’ perception about their child’s weight is likely to play a critical role in the development and management of childhood obesity. Greater parental perception and involvement is likely to encourage more active monitoring and controlling of child’s dietary …

Ischemic Stroke Care - Official Guidelines From The Pakistan Society Of Neurology, Ayeesha Kamran Kamal, Ahmed Itrat, Imama Naqvi, Maria Khan, Roomasa Channa, Ismail Khatri, Mohammad Wasay

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.