Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Children Adopted Internationally Examining Developmental Status At Arrival And Six Month Follow Up, Ann Mccormick

Theses and Dissertations

In the past 5 years, almost 100,000 children have been internationally adopted. Research suggests that many of these children have growth and developmental delays, but few large scale studies have been completed. In the current study data obtained from a restrospective chart review of 534 children followed in the International Adoption Clinic at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center between 1999 and 2007 was analyzed. Prevalence of developmental delays and sensory processing issues initially and after 6 months in country, the relationship of delays/issues with previously identified risk factors, and the frequency of recommendations for early intervention (EI) and therapy services …

Antibodies And Unnatural Substrates Of Prenylation Enzymes For Use In Detecting And Isolating Prenylated Proteins, H. Peter Spielmann, Douglas A. Andres

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Patents

Unnatural substrates of prenylation enzymens and antibodies that recognize unique moieties of prenylated proteins, which unique moieties are transferred from the unnatural substrates are used for detecting and isolating prenylated proteins, and for screening for inhibitors of prenylation enzymes.

The Quality Of Spousal Social Support As A Moderator Of The Associations Between Child Maltreatment Severity And Adult Trauma Symptoms, Sarah E. Evans

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Child maltreatment has been linked to a myriad of long-term difficulties, including trauma symptomatology. However, not all victims experience long-term distress. Thus, a burgeoning area of research focuses on factors that may impede or facilitate resiliency to the psychological correlates of child maltreatment. Specifically, the severity of the abusive acts may be associated with greater long-term difficulties. To date, however, with the exception of child sexual abuse, few studies have examined the severity of maltreatment as a risk factor in the development of trauma symptoms. In contrast, social support has been theorized to contribute to resiliency following abuse. However, to …

Anti-Hiv Activity In Cervical-Vaginal Secretions From Hiv-Positive And -Negative Women Correlate With Innate Antimicrobial Levels And Igg Antibodies, Mimi Ghosh, John V. Fahey, Zheng Shen, Timothy Lahey, Susan Cu-Uvin, Zhijin Wu, Kenneth Mayer, Peter F. Wright, John C. Kappes, Christina Ochsenbauer, Charles R. Wira

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: We investigated the impact of antimicrobials in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) from HIV(+) and HIV(2) women on target cell infection with HIV. Since female reproductive tract (FRT) secretions contain a spectrum of antimicrobials, we hypothesized that CVL from healthy HIV(+) and (2) women inhibit HIV infection.

Methodology/Principal Findings: CVL from 32 HIV(+) healthy women with high CD4 counts and 15 healthy HIV(2) women were collected by gently washing the cervicovaginal area with 10 ml of sterile normal saline. Following centrifugation, anti- HIV activity in CVL was determined by incubating CVL with HIV prior to addition to TZM-bl cells. Antimicrobials and …

Normal Masking Level Difference Parameters For Use In The Clinical Evaluation Of Auditory Processing Disorders, Maria Noelle Burnham

Theses and Dissertations

Masking Level Difference (MLD) tests are an established component of auditory processing test batteries; however, normative data for these tests vary according to procedure. In this study, forty normal, native-English speaking adults between the ages of 18 and 26 were tested for MLD via a newly developed computer software program using both an adaptive procedure (MLDA) and a Bekesy procedure (MLDB). The results from the two procedures were analyzed for sex differences and compared with each other. For both the MLDA and MLDB, the results showed statistically significant sex differences in the masked thresholds used to obtain the MLD (NoSo …

The Relationship Between Acoustic And Kinematic Measures Of Diphthong Production, Gwi-Ok Jang

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between acoustic and kinematic measures of diphthong production in 11 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 11 neurologically healthy control speakers. The participants produced four diphthongs: /ɔɪ/, /aʊ/, /aɪ/, /eɪ/. These sounds were spoken in a sentence context. Their speech audio signal was recorded with a microphone and their tongue movements were recorded with a magnetic tracking system. The first and second formants (F1 and F2) were computed with acoustic analysis software, and these signals were time-aligned with the vertical and anteroposterior magnet movement records. Pearson correlations between F1 and …

Spontaneous Dural Tear Leading To Intracranial Hypotension And Tonsillar Herniation In Marfan Syndrome: A Case Report, Aqueel H. Pabaney, Farhan A. Mirza, Nadir A. Syed, Humera Ahsan

Section of Neurology

Background:We describe the case of a 38 year old male with Marfan syndrome who presented with orthostatic headaches and seizures. Case Presentation: The Patient was diagnosed with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension secondary to CSF leaks, objectively demonstrated by MR Myelogram with intrathecal contrast. Epidural autologus blood patch was administered at the leakage site leading to significant improvement.

Conclusion:

Our literature search shows that this is the second reported case of a Marfan Patient presenting with symptomatic spontaneous CSF leaks along with tonsillar herniation.

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter June 27, 2010, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the June 27, 2010 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• USA Research Examines Biomagnetic Signals of Intestinal Ischemia
• Dr. Charles Rodning Installed As President of American College of Surgeons, Alabama Chapter
• Fireworks & Hot Grills
• Class of 2012 Medical Students Receive White Coats at Annual White Coat Ceremony

Who Is Exposed To Smoke At Home? A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey In Central Vietnam, Motoi Suzuki, Vu Dinh Thiem, Lay-Myint Yoshida, Dang Duc Anh, Paul E. Kilgore, Koya Ariyoshi

Department of Pharmacy Practice

No abstract provided.

Gender, Germs, And Dirt: A Case Study Of Properly Politicised Science, Sharyn Clough

XIV IAPh Symposium 2010

This presentation is part of the Feminist Perspectives in the Sciences: Epidemiology track.

The relatively recent increase in cases of allergies and asthma, especially in industrialised nations of the north and west, has been explained by the “hygiene hypothesis”—viz., that increased cleanliness and sanitation have unintended negative consequences for immune health—an hypothesis that has received robust epidemiological support (e.g., Platts-Mills 2002). Over the last few years, support for the hypothesis has increased with the discovery that populations regularly exposed to certain parasitic worms (helminths) have very low incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases such as Crohn’s (Elliot, Summers, and Weinstock 2007). …

Probiotic Therapy - Recruiting Old Friends To Fight New Foes, Roy D. Sleator

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Against a backdrop of increasing antibiotic resistance, and the emergence of new and evolving pathogens, clinicians are increasingly forced to consider alternative therapies - probiotics are one such alternative.

Today - June 25, 2010, Loma Linda University

TODAY

Inside this issue:

-- Loma Linda University welcomes new alumni
-- Chapel program highlights global mission efforts by School of Pharmacy
-- Stater Bros. gives $25,000 to benefit breast cancer research
-- Proton patient wins competitive section of May 21 Blue Zone Senior Triathlon
-- Medical Simulation Center celebrates grand opening on May 27
-- LLU nursing students promote helmet safety at local skatepark
-- Organizers celebrate 25 years of Children's Day at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital
-- Two community outreach programs impact the Inland Empire
-- School of Medicine 2010 Commencement Ceremony (pictorial)
-- School of Pharmacy 2010 …

A Qualitative Study Of Role Transition From Rn To Apn, Sandra L. Spoelstra, Lorraine B. Robbins

Peer Reviewed Articles

Role transition from registered nurse to advanced practice nurse is a difficult process. A qualitative thematic analysis guided the integration of various experiences of 24 students in a twocredit, web-based role development course in a Master’s of Science in Nursing program at a large Midwestern university. Findings supported that students had developed an understanding of the core competencies and complexity of the advanced practice nurse role, and that beginning role transition had occurred. An overarching theme, ‘the essence of nursing’ was evident. Three subthemes supported the occurrence of role transition, which included the importance of: a) building a framework for …

Dukungan Suami Dalam Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Air Tawar Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat, Mery Ramadani, Ella Nurlaella Hadi

Kesmas

Manfaat pemberian ASI yang sangat besar ternyata belum mampu meningkatkan angka cakupan ASI eksklusif. Hal tersebut terlihat pada tingkat pemberian ASI eksklusif di tanah air yang masih rendah berada pada kisaran 39%-40%. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui dukungan suami dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Air Tawar, Kota Padang Tahun 2009. Rancangan penelitian potong lintang digunakan pada bulan Maret-April 2009 dengan responden ibu bayi usia 7-12 bulan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 55,4% ibu memberikan ASI eksklusif dan 57% ibu mendapat dukungan suami dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif. Ada hubungan antara dukungan suami dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif, ibu yang suaminya mendukung pemberian …

Persepsi Risiko Berkendara Dan Perilaku Penggunaan Sabuk Keselamatan Di Kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Ing Kurnia Salihat, L. Meily Kurniawidjaja

Kesmas

Kematian dan cedera akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas telah menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Di lingkungan Universitas Indonesia, setiap tahun terjadi peningkatan kejadian kecelakaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara persepsi risiko keselamatan berkendara dengan perilaku penggunaan sabuk keselamatan pada mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan semi kuantitatif dan desain penelitian potong lintang. Partisipan adalah 98 mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia di Kampus Depok, berusia 18-25 tahun yang mengendarai kendaraan sendiri. Faktor internal yang membentuk persepsi risiko keselamatan berkendara secara bermakna adalah pengalaman (nilai p = 0,000) dan kepercayaan (nilai p = 0,008), sedangkan faktor eksternal yang signifikan …

Pathologically Activated Neuroprotection Via Uncompetitive Blockade Of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors With Fast Off-Rate By Novel Multifunctional Dimer Bis(Propyl)-Cognitin, Jialie Luo, Wenming Li, Yuming Zhao, Hongjun Fu, Dik-Lung Ma, Jing Tang, Chaoying Li, Robert W. Peoples, Fushun Li, Qinwen Wang, Pingbo Huang, Jun Xia, Yuanping Pang, Yifan Han

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists with fast off-rate (UFO) may represent promising drug candidates for various neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we report that bis(propyl)-cognitin, a novel dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and γ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor antagonist, is such an antagonist of NMDA receptors. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, we demonstrated that bis(propyl)-cognitin voltage-dependently, selectively, and moderately inhibited NMDA-activated currents. The inhibitory effects of bis(propyl)-cognitin increased with the rise in NMDA and glycine concentrations. Kinetics analysis showed that the inhibition was of fast onset and offset with an off-rate time constant of 1.9 s. Molecular docking simulations showed moderate …

Kebijakan Pengelolaan Kualitas Udara Terkait Transportasi Di Provinsi Dki Jakarta, Andi Alfian Zainuddin

Kesmas

Pemerintah Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta yang mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan penanggulangan pencemaran udara menghadapi banyak kendala implementasi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan kualitas udara perkotaan terkait transportasi di provinsi tersebut dengan pendekatan model sistem. Faktor yang diamati meliputi instrumen kebijakan, sumber daya dan manajemen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan sumber data primer dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan sumber data sekunder telaah dokumen. Data primer digali dari berbagai informan yang berkompeten meliputi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, Biro Hukum, Badan Pengelola Dampak Lingkungan Daerah, Dinas Perhubungan, Dinas Kesehatan dan Samsat. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa instrumen kebijakan telah ada, …

The Prevalence Of Maxillary Altered Passive Eruption In A Dental School Population., Francisco Carlos

Theses and Dissertations

AIM: The aim of this investigation is to determine the prevalence of maxillary altered passive eruption in a dental school population. METHODS: 100 subjects were examined clinically and had models fabricated of their maxilla. Demographic, periodontal, cast measurements were recorded for each subject. Demographic variables recorded included age, gender, and ethnicity, history of orthodontic treatment, presence of incisal /occlusal wear, appearance of gingival excess, and presence of gingival asymmetry. Measurements made on cast included clinical crown length, clinical crown width, papillary height, and distance from the lateral gingival zenith to the gingival aesthetic line. Clinical crown width-to-length ratio was calculated. …

Keeping Health Insurance After A Job Loss: Cobra Continuation Coverage And Subsidies, Kathryn Linehan

National Health Policy Forum

Many Americans under 65 have health insurance through an employer. Beginning in 1985, a federal law known as COBRA required that eligible workers and their dependents have the option to continue employer-based group health coverage when employment is terminated. Because premiums for COBRA coverage can be very expensive, the 111th Congress included provisions in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (and subsequent legislation) to temporarily subsidize premiums for those who have lost their jobs since September 2008. This issue brief outlines the eligibility rules for COBRA as well as the current COBRA subsidies. It also discusses the possible …

The Vision Of Toxicity Testing In The 21st Century: Moving From Discussion To Action, Melvin E. Andersen, Daniel Krewski

Toxicology and Animal Models in Research Collection

Over the past year, a series on commentaries have appeared in the Toxicological Sciences Forum Series related to the 2007 National Research Council (NRC) publication, Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy. The first article in the series provided an overview of the vision and was accompanied by an editorial by the three editors of Toxicological Sciences. During the past year, eight invited commentaries from the academic, industrial, and regulatory sectors have provided diverse perspectives on the vision, noted challenges to its implementation, and highlighted aspects of toxicity testing that were not addressed in …

Recent Trends In Exposure To Secondhand Smoke In The United States Population, Chieh-I Chen, Tanya Burton, Christine L. Baker, Vera Mastey, David Mannino

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Previous research using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data documented a significant downward trend in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure between 1988 and 2002. The objective of this study was to assess whether the downward trend in exposure continued from 2001 through 2006.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2001-2006 NHANES to estimate exposure of nonsmokers to SHS. Geometric means of serum cotinine levels for all nonsmokers were computed.

RESULTS: Overall serum cotinine levels (95% Confidence Intervals) in 2001-2002, 2003-2004, and 2005-2006 were 0.06 ng/mL (0.05-0.07), 0.07 ng/mL (0.06-0.09), and 0.05 ng/mL (0.05-0.06), respectively. Subgroup analysis by …

The Elan Event-Related Potential In Children 5 To 12 Years Of Age, Melissa Crandall

Theses and Dissertations

The examination of Event Related Potentials during language processing tasks provides valuable information of how the brain processes language over time. In the current study, the development of the early left anterior negativity (ELAN) was analyzed in young children. Previous research has described the ELAN as a negative waveform elicited during syntactic processing between 200 and 500 ms post linguistic stimuli. Thirty children from 5 to 12 years of age listened to sentences that were linguistically correct, syntactically incorrect, or semantically incorrect. Sentences were presented for right monaural, left monaural, and binaural ear conditions to determine possible differences related to …

Intelligibility Of Electrolarynx Speech Using A Novel Actuator, Brian Madden, Mark Nolan, Ted Burke, James Condron, Eugene Coyle

Conference Papers

During voiced speech, the larynx provides quasi-periodic acoustic excitation of the vocal tract. Following a laryngectomy, some people speak using an electrolarynx which replaces the excitatory function of the absent larynx. Drawbacks of conventional electrolarynx designs include the buzzing monotonic sound emitted, the need for a free hand to operate the device, and difficulty experienced by many laryngectomees in adapting to its use. Despite these shortcomings, it remains the preferred method of speech rehabilitation for a substantial minority of laryngectomees. In most electrolarynxes, mechanical vibrations are produced by a linear electromechanical actuator, the armature of which percusses against a metal …

The Efficacy And Safety Of Insulin-Sensitizing Drugs In Hiv-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Trials, Siddharth H. Sheth, Robin J. Larson

Dartmouth Scholarship

HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) is characterized by insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism and redistribution of body fat. To date, there has been no quantitative summary of the effects of insulin sensitizing-agents for the treatment of this challenging problem. We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, clinical trial registries, conference proceedings and references for randomized trials evaluating rosiglitazone, pioglitazone or metformin in patients with evidence of HALS (last update December 2009). Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed quality using a standard form. We contacted authors for missing data and calculated weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each …

Perception Of Soft Tissue Laser Use In Orthodontic Practice: A Survey Of Orthodontists, Periodontists, And General Dentists, Brandon Burke

Theses and Dissertations

Recently, soft tissue lasers have been introduced into orthodontic practice to perform procedures that were traditionally referred to other dental professionals. The purpose of this study was to compare the attitudes of orthodontists, periodontists, and general dentists regarding the use of soft tissue lasers by orthodontists. The ultimate goal was to facilitate communication among dental professionals and improve the care of orthodontic patients requiring management of soft tissues. A survey was developed to evaluate and compare the current opinions of orthodontists (n=330), periodontists (n=171), and general dentists (n=77) regarding orthodontists’ use of soft tissue lasers. When compared to orthodontists and …

High Activity Mutants Of Butyrylcholinesterase For Cocaine Hydrolysis, Chang-Guo Zhan, Fang Zheng, Wenchao Yang

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) polypeptide variants of the presently-disclosed subject matter have enhanced catalytic efficiency for (−)-cocaine, as compared to wild-type BChE. Pharmaceutical compositions of the presently-disclosed subject matter include a BChE polypeptide variant having an enhanced catalytic efficiency for (−)-cocaine. A method of the presently-disclosed subject matter for treating a cocaine-induced condition includes administering to an individual an effective amount of a BChE polypeptide variant, as disclosed herein, to lower blood cocaine concentration.

Ros Accumulation And Igf-Ir Inhibition Contribute To Fenofibrate/Pparalpha -Mediated Inhibition Of Glioma Cell Motility In Vitro, Justyna Drukala, Katarzyna Urbanska, Anna Wilk, Maja Grabacka, Ewa Wybieralska, Luis Del Valle, Zbigniew Madeja, Krzysztof Reiss

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Glioblastomas are characterized by rapid cell growth, aggressive CNS infiltration, and are resistant to all known anticancer regimens. Recent studies indicate that fibrates and statins possess anticancer potential. Fenofibrate is a potent agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) that can switch energy metabolism from glycolysis to fatty acid beta-oxidation, and has low systemic toxicity. Fenofibrate also attenuates IGF-I-mediated cellular responses, which could be relevant in the process of glioblastoma cell dispersal. METHODS: The effects of fenofibrate on Glioma cell motility, IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling, PPARalpha activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, mitochondrial potential, and ATP production were …

Hart County, Kentucky - Prescriptions (Sc 2279), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scans (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 2279. Prescriptions written primarily by physicians practicing in Hart County, Kentucky and surrounding counties. Some are written on the physician's own form while others are written on the form of a local druggist or drugstore.

Ada News - 06/21/2010, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - June 20, 2010, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the June 20, 2010 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• White Coat Ceremony Moved To Saenger Theatre
• USA Medical Students Back From Medical Mission Trip To Honduras
• USA To Pilot Centering Pregnancy Project
• Safety and Environmental Compliance Newsletter
• When "Fun In The Sun" Is Dangerous - Understanding UV Rays
• FMC Jaguar Dialysis Center Opens