Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

How To Build A Health Clinic: Disease Burden, Health Seeking Behavior And Clinic Structures In The Kibera Slums, Samuel Mcgowan

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study seeks to determine a model for a health clinic to be run by the Kibera School for Girls in the Katwekera village of Nairobi’s Kibera slums. The study examines the disease burden of the school’s initial target population, the health-seeking behavior of the community, and current clinic structures in Kibera. Using these methodological tactics, the study suggests the Kibera School for Girls should start a small, locally-run clinic that offers basic primary health care to a target population of about 5,000 Kibera residents.

The Impact Of Brazil’S Bolsa Familia Program On Food Security In Santo Antônio De Jesus, Bahia, Mario Felipe Dest

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The purpose of this research project is to evaluate the impact that the Bolsa Família Program has on the level of food security within an impoverished community of Santo Antônio de Jesus. The issue of food security is important because a person’s overall health worsens as a result of not having access to a healthy and well balanced diet. As a result of these negative health aspects, one’s capacity to do work, learn, and take care of one’s family are all affected. This relationship between nutrition and social situations is the focus of this study, which will be used to …

What's Happening: October, 2009, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Education Is The Key To The Prevention Of Lawnmower Accidents, Sherry R. Lovan

Nursing Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Prediction Of Birth Weight By Cotinine Levels During Pregnancy In A Population Of African American Smokers, Ayman A.E. El-Mohandes, Michele Kiely, Marie G. Gantz, Susan M. Blake, M Nabil El-Khorazaty

Publications and Research

Objective—The goal was to investigate the association between maternal salivary cotinine levels (SCLs) and pregnancy outcome among African Americans smokers

Methods—In a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2001-2004 in Washington, D.C. 714 women (126 active smokers (18%)) were tested for SCLs at the time of recruitment and later in pregnancy. Sociodemographic health risks and pregnancy outcomes were recorded.

Results—Birth weights were significantly lower for infants born to mothers with baseline SCLs of ≥20 ng/ml compared to/ml (p=0.024), ≥50 ng/ml compared to/ml (p=0.002), ≥100 ng/ml compared to/ml (p=0.002), in bivariate analyses. In linear regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic …

Breastfeeding: A Landmark In Global Public Health, Melissa Tinling

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the study of public health and the discipline of global health, what is the meaning of the term “global public health”? The author, Melissa Tinling, defines the concept and gives an illustration through the model of the global effort to increase breastfeeding prevalence. Using the WHO and UNICEF joint Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding as the central framework, the responsibilities of the global, international, national, and local levels are depicted within the context of Geneva, Switzerland. The author identifies the ethical considerations implicated in the application of the global public health strategy to breastfeeding.

Kibera Community Unconscious Of The Silent Disease: Sti, Sindhya Rajeev

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The objective of this study was to conduct a Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Awareness Survey that explores knowledge about STIs and attitude towards them, and thereafter, institute and implement an educational intervention in the Kibera slum, of Nairobi. The survey included 120 participants from the 12 villages of Kibera. It revealed that, of those interviewed, 34% are unable to name an STI other than HIV/AIDS and 99% are unaware of any of the syndromes associated with STIs. This demonstrated a clear need for STI Awareness and education, and thus an informative brochure on STIs was created, to be distributed during …

Visionary Fall 2009, College Of Optometry

Visionary

No abstract provided.

Nsu College Of Optometry The Visionary Fall 2009 Vol 3 No 2, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Assembly Of Arenavirus Envelope Glycoprotein Gpc In Detergent-Soluble Membrane Microdomains, Sudhakar S. Agnihothram, Brooke Dancho, Kenneth W. Grant, Mark L. Grimes, Douglas S. Lyles, Jack H. Nunberg

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The family Arenaviridae includes a number of highly pathogenic viruses that are responsible for acute hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Genetic diversity among arenavirus species in their respective rodent hosts supports the continued emergence of new pathogens. In the absence of available vaccines or therapeutic agents, the hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses remain a serious public health and biodefense concern. Arenaviruses are enveloped virions that assemble and bud from the plasma membrane. In this study, we have characterized the microdomain organization of the virus envelope glycoprotein (GPC) on the cell surface by using immunogold electron microscopy. We find that Junin virus (JUNV) GPC …

A Community Benefit Reporting Toolkit For Critical Access Hospitals, John A. Gale Ms, Melanie Race Ms

Rural Hospitals (Flex Program)

No abstract provided.

Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School Of Medicine, Professional Enhancement Newsletter, Fall/Winter 2009-2010, Darshana Shah

Professional Enhancement News (PEN)

Fall/Winter 2009-2010, Volume 1, Number 1

The Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter Is Required For Neuromuscular Development And Function, Braulio M. De Castro, Xavier De Jaeger, Cristina Martins-Silva, Ricardo D. F. Lima, Ernani Amaral, Cristiane Menezes, Patricia Lima, Cintia M. L. Neves, Rita G. Pires, Thomas W. Gould, Ian Welch, Christopher Kushmerick, Cristina Guatimosim, Ivan Izquierdo, Martin Cammarota, Jane R. Rylett, Marcus V. Gomez, Marc G. Caron, Ronald W. Oppenheim, Marco A. M. Prado, Vania F. Prado

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

The vesicular acetylcholine (ACh) transporter (VAChT) mediates ACh storage by synaptic vesicles. However, the VAChT-independent release of ACh is believed to be important during development. Here we generated VAChT knockout mice and tested the physiological relevance of the VAChT-independent release of ACh. Homozygous VAChT knockout mice died shortly after birth, indicating that VAChT-mediated storage of ACh is essential for life. Indeed, synaptosomes obtained from brains of homozygous knockouts were incapable of releasing ACh in response to depolarization. Surprisingly, electrophysiological recordings at the skeletal-neuromuscular junction show that VAChT knockout mice present spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials with reduced amplitude and frequency, which …

What Factors Predict Outcome At Relapse After Previous Esophagectomy And Adjuvant Therapy In High-Risk Esophageal Cancer?, Edward Yu, Patricia Tai, Richard Malthaner, Larry Stitt, George Rodrigues, Rashid Dar, Brian Yaremko, Jawaid Younus, Michael Sanatani, Mark Vincent, Brian Dingle, Dalilah Fortin, Richard Inculet

Oncology Presentations

Management of patients who have disease relapse after completion of surgery and adjuvant chemo-radiation (CRT) is controversial.

Some oncologists would advocate intensive therapeutic intervention due to promising experience on treatment for recurrence disease while others would recommend palliative support due to the concerns for poor patient outcome post disease recurrence.

In Addition, it is not clear if patient outcome is improved post adjuvant CRT when patients at risk have resection margin involvement and if time interval to recurrence can affect patient survival post relapse.

The present study was conducted to determine what factors will affect patient outcome at relapse after …

When Can Physicians Say “No” To Families And Patients?, Charles Weijer

Philosophy Presentations

No abstract provided.

Ethical Challenges In Icu Research, Charles Weijer

Philosophy Presentations

No abstract provided.

Interventions For Autism Spectrum Disorders: State Of The Evidence, Lindsey Tweed Md, Mph, Nancy Connolly Mppm, Amy Beaulieu

Children, Youth, & Families

The number of children in Maine with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has increased significantly over the past decade. Since 2000, the number of children receiving Special Education services for ASD in Maine schools jumped from 594 to 2,231in 2008 – an increase of 276%. A recent study estimated that the total cost of caring for a person with autism over his or her lifetime can reach $3.2 million, with more than $35 billion spent collectively per year (Ganz, 2007). To conserve already scarce resources and of-fer the best possible services to children with ASD, it is necessary to identify and …

The Effect Of Early Contextual Learning On Student Physical Therapists’ Self-Perceived Level Of Clinical Preparedness, Kevin E. Brueilly, T. Kirk Nelson, Tamara Gravano, Penny G. Kroll

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Context: Students in health care often describe their feelings of self-inadequacy in clinical skills and report these feelings abate with experience.

Objective: To determine whether early contextual learning experiences can improve entry-level student physical therapists’ self-perceived level of clinical preparedness.

Design: A pair-wise comparison of pre vs. post intervention. Survey of students self-perceived level of clinical preparedness before and after a series of three planned small group contextual learning experiences involving the assessment of actual hospital patients.

Setting: Academic institution and associated medical center

Participants: Thirty-nine first-year student cohort in the 10th month of a 36-month entry-level Doctor of Physical …

Uab Nursing - Fall 2009, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

UAB Nursing magazine

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of The Cervidtb Stat-Pak For The Detection Of Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In Wild Deer In Great Britain, S. Gowtage-Sequeira, A. Paterson, K. P. Lyashchenko, S. Lesellier, M. A. Chambers

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Deer are acknowledged as hosts of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), and determining the prevalence of infection in deer species is one of the key steps in understanding the epidemiological role played by cervids in the transmission and maintenance of bTB in the United Kingdom. This study evaluated a rapid lateral-flow test for the detection of bTB in samples from wild deer species in the United Kingdom. Fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and red deer (Cervus elaphus) from areas in Wales, the Cotswolds, and southwestern England …

Cardinal Athletics Fall 2009, Otterbein University

Cardinal Athletics Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Deep Ecology And End-Of-Life Care, Paul Carrick

Philosophy Faculty Publications

Physicians and nurses caring for terminally ill patients are expected to center their moral concerns almost exclusively on the needs and welfare of the dying patient and the patients family. But what about the relationship of traditional medical ethics to the emerging new theories of environmental ethics, like deep ecology? As we glide into the twenty-first century, can anyone seriously doubt that the mounting global concerns of environmental ethics will eventually influence the ethics of medicine too?

For example, suppose physicians were to integrate the core values of an ecocentric environmental ethic like deep ecology into contemporary North American norms …

Treatment Response In Depressed Adolescents With And Without Co-Morbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In The Treatment For Adolescents With Depression Study., Christopher J. Kratochvil, Diane E. May, Susan G. Silva, Vishal Madaan, Susan E. Puumala, John F. Curry, John Walkup, Hayden Kepley, Benedetto Vitiello, John S. March

Journal Articles: Psychiatry

OBJECTIVE: In the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), fluoxetine (FLX) and the combination of fluoxetine with cognitive-behavioral therapy (COMB) had superior improvement trajectories compared to pill placebo (PBO), whereas cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was not significantly different from PBO. Because attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-exist, we examined whether ADHD moderated these outcomes in TADS.

METHOD: A total of 439 adolescents with MDD, 12-17 years old, were randomized to FLX, CBT, COMB, or PBO. Random coefficients regression models examined depression improvement in 377 depressed youths without ADHD and 62 with ADHD, including 20 who were …

Comparison Of Non Cardiac Chest Pain (Nccp) And Acute Coronary Syndrome (Acs) Patients Presenting To A Tertiary Care Center, Om Parkash, Aysha Almas, Aamir Hameed, Muhammad Islam

Section of Cardiology

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical characteristics of patients admitted with chest pain with those who had Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and Non Cardiac Chest Pain (NCCP) presenting at a tertiary care center.METHODS: An analytical crossectional study was done. All patients presenting to the emergency with acute chest pain of age more than 18 years who had electrocardiography done and had an initial serum Troponin I (Trop I) measured were included. Patients were assigned to ACS groups or NCCP group after cardiac workup. Those who did not have cardiac workup were excluded from the study.RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 202 patients. …

Treatment Outcome Of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi, Nisar Ahmed Rao, Zeeshan Mahfooz, Muhammad Irfan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Objective: To assess the outcomes of pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients treated at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases (OICD), a reference hospital for TB in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: Clinical study for the period 1996-2006, with follow-up until June 2007 was performed. All the culture and sensitivity proven cases of MDR pulmonary TB were initially admitted for 3-6 months till the sputum converted negative. Treatment regimen was decided on individual basis, and included 4-6 drugs. Supervised treatment was given to all patients during the hospitalization. After discharge from the hospital, patients were followed at monthly interval at the outpatient department of …

Quality Health Information On The Internet: Developing A Diabetes Pathfinder For The Chinese Population, Ana D. Cleveland, Jodi Philbrick, Xuequn Pan, Xinyu Yu, Jiangping Chen, Marty O'Neill, Lisa Smith

Faculty Publications

A Web-based bilingual diabetes information pathfinder was created to help the Chinese population access quality health information on the Internet as part of a collaborative outreach project in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. A survey was conducted to identify the demographics, Internet usage, health information needs, and preferences for training sessions of the Chinese population. Breast cancer, diabetes, and hepatitis B were the top three diseases of interest. The process of developing the pathfinder is described from start to finish, and it can serve as a model for the development of others. Pathfinder training sessions also were held. Taylor & Francis …

Download Full Pdf Issue Of Jefferson School Of Population Health Master Of Public Health E-News Public Health Link, Vol. 5, Iss. 2, Fall 2009.

Public Health Link

This Issue includes:

MPH spotlight on Priscilla Sepe, MD/MPH student

Students Advocate for Public Health Education at National Summit in D.C.

A re-accreditation update

Department of Health & Human Services Region III Office—Clerkship Experience

Listing of upcoming bag lunch and learns

National Public Health Meetings in Philadelphia this Fall

Public Health Policy & Advocacy Opportunities

The Production Of Antibody By Invading B Cells Is Required For The Clearance Of Rabies Virus From The Central Nervous System., D Craig Hooper, Timothy W Phares, Marzena J Fabis, Anirban Roy

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of rabies is associated with the inability to deliver immune effectors across the blood-brain barrier and to clear virulent rabies virus from CNS tissues. However, the mechanisms that facilitate immune effector entry into CNS tissues are induced by infection with attenuated rabies virus.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Infection of normal mice with attenuated rabies virus but not immunization with killed virus can promote the clearance of pathogenic rabies virus from the CNS. T cell activity in B cell-deficient mice can control the replication of attenuated virus in the CNS, but viral mRNA persists. Low levels of passively administered rabies …

Workers Killed While Working With Granite, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Kentucky Haz Alerts--Falls

To prevent injuries while working with granite:

• A job hazard analysis should be conducted each day before work commences.
• Employees should be trained in proper material handling procedures that include handling and transport of granite slabs.
• Use slab carts or slab racks to transport granite slabs and use tie-downs to secure the granite slabs to the forklift.
• Work should only be performed when the general contractor has a competent person on the job site.

Workers Killed While Working With Granite, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Kentucky Haz Alerts--Other

To prevent injuries while working with granite:

• A job hazard analysis should be conducted each day before work commences.
• Employees should be trained in proper material handling procedures that include handling and transport of granite slabs.
• Use slab carts or slab racks to transport granite slabs and use tie-downs to secure the granite slabs to the forklift.
• Work should only be performed when the general contractor has a competent person on the job site.