Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Childhood Nature Contact And Its Effect On Adult Coping Skills, Mary-Jeanne Raleigh

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Reported anxiety levels continue to rise, in conjunction with a decrease in the depth and breath of coping strategies reported in college populations throughout the United States (Arthur, 1998; Twenge, 2000). Emotional management skills begin development in middle childhood (8-12yrs) and transition into adult coping skills in early adulthood (18-24yrs) (Seifert, 2000). The uses of natural restorative environments for coping may be reinforced during developmental phases in which coping skills are being learned. The development of coping strategies incorporating the use of natural restorative environments maybe contingent on early exposure to the qualities of natural restorative space found in routine …

Confronting The Unknown: Mothers’ Reactions, Challenges, And Ways Of Coping With A Child's Diagnosis Of Long Qt Syndrome, Twain Gonzales

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a life-threatening inherited cardiac condition. It is caused by a disturbance in the ion channel genes that control cardiac repolarization, resulting in ventricular arrhythmias that can lead to syncope, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), or sudden cardiac death (SCD). Most deaths occur in children, adolescents, and young adults. Although congenital LQTS occurs in 1/3000 to 1/5000 individuals, to date, little research has been conducted on the psychosocial effects of LQTS. Mothers who are confronted with a new diagnosis of their children’s LQTS are likely to have never heard of the disease prior to diagnosis, and few …

Preparation And Characterization Of Some Substituted Benzyl N-Nitrosocarbamates Containing An N-2-(Methylthio)Ethyl Or A Bis(2-Aminoethyl)Sulfide Functionality, Satya Venkata, Eric Shamo, Vladimir Benin

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The synthesis and characterization of some substituted benzyl N-nitrosocarbamates with an N-2-(methylthio)ethyl or a bis(2-aminoethyl)sulfide functionality is reported, as a part of a long-term goal to design and prepare novel photolabile structures that could be used as substances for controlled release of alkylating and/or crosslinking agents. The synthesis was accomplished by reaction of benzyl chloroformates with the corresponding amines, resulting in the preparation of carbamates. The latter were subsequently nitrosated, utilizing two different N-nitrosation methods, to yield the target structures.

An Investigation Of The Knowledge And Beliefs Held By Teachers And Parents In A Parochial School System Regarding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder And The Variables That Predict Their Knowledge, Kendra-Lee Yvonne Pearman

Dissertations

Problem

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders affecting 3 to 5% of school populations in the United States and other countries. Due to the behavioral and/or academic challenges of children with ADHD, they are at risk for grade retention, dropping out of high school, and teenage delinquency, which can lead to negative consequences in society. Children with ADHD are found in every school setting, including parochial schools. Past studies have found teachers and parents have inadequate knowledge about ADHD, which can negatively affect these children. This study investigated what teachers and parents of children in …

Pelvic Stabilization And Semisitting Position Increase The Specificity Of Back Exercises, Rubens A. Da Silva, Christian Larivière, A. Bertrand Arsenault, Sylvie Nadeau, André Plamondon

Études primaires

No abstract provided.

Locus Of Control And Adjustment To Vision Loss Among People With Age Related Macular Degeneration, Delinda Stinnette

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

People aged 65 and older account for 12.8% of the population and for 30% of all visually impaired individuals. Age-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) has been identified as a significant public health issue, with a potential 8 million Americans at risk. While the literature supports a connection between LOC and adaptation to ARMD, there is a gap in the current literature supporting this relationship even when other factors are controlled (i.e. age, sex, education, type of ARMD, when diagnosed, the use of medical treatments, the use of visual assistance devices, participant engagement in rehabilitation, and depression). The present survey study used …

Development And Localization Of Spike-Wave Seizures In Animal Models, Damien Jon Ellens

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Animal models allow for detailed investigation of neuronal function, particularly invasive localization and developmental studies not possible in humans. This thesis will review the technical challenges of simultaneous EEG-fMRI, and epileptogenesis studies in animal models, including issues related to anesthesia, movement, signal artifact, physiology, electrode compatibility, data acquisition, and data analysis, and review recent findings from simultaneous EEG-fMRI studies in epilepsy and other fields. Original research will be presented on the localization of neuronal networks involved during spike-and-wave seizures in the WAG/Rij rat, a model of human absence epilepsy. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI at 9 Tesla, complimented by parallel electrophysiology, including Multiple …

Hemangiomas Of Infancy: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Tumors Of Perivascular Origin, Christopher Spock

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Introduction: Hemangiomas of infancy (HOI) are the most common benign tumor of childhood. Initially thought to be composed entirely of endothelial cells, it has recently been shown that mesenchymal stem cells reside within these tumors. We propose that hemangiomas represent mesenchymal stem cell tumors of pericyte origin, as demonstrated by expression of pericytic markers (NG2, PDGFR-β, and DLK), neural crest origin (expression of nestin and sox10), expression of factors that play a role in the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, C-myc, and piRNAs), and a microRNA expression profile suggestive of mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was …

Chest X-Ray Clues To Osteoporosis : Criteria, Correlations, And Consistency, Natalie Renee Simmons

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study was to determine whether radiologists could accurately assess osteopenia on chest plain films. Two chest radiologists evaluated lateral chest films from 100 patients (80 female and 20 male), ranging in age from 16 to 86 years, for osteopenia and its associated findings. Intra- and interobserver agreement was determined using weighted kappa statistics, and accuracy was assessed by making comparisons to bone mineral density as measured by the non-invasive gold standard of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Overall, radiologists were good at identifying signs of late, but not early, disease. Intraobserver consistency was substantial for fish vertebrae …

Guide Pour Les Pilules De Contraception D'Urgence : Introduire Et Développer L'Offre Des Pilules De Contraception D'Urgence Dans Les Pays En Voie De Développement, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Ricardo Vernon, Jill Keesbury, Ian Askew, John Townsend, Victoria Rumbold

Reproductive Health

Pendant plus d'une décennie, les défenseurs ont cherché à améliorer l'accès à la contraception d'urgence (CU) dans le monde. Ces efforts ont été couronnés de succès en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, ont suscité de nombreux débats en Amérique latine et commencent à prendre racine en Asie. En Afrique, cependant, le succès des programmes communautaires reste limité. Même dans les pays où l'environnement réglementaire est favorable, les contraintes de ressources au sein du secteur public limitent la capacité de fournir des services de CU cohérents et de qualité à faible coût. Dans un nombre croissant de pays africains, le …

A Survey Of Radiology Practices' Use Of After-Hours Services, Adam Harris Kaye

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Purpose: To identify the characteristics of and the motives behind radiologists use, or lack thereof, of after-hours services. Methods: From August 2005 to June 2006, 300 non-specialty hospitals randomly selected from the 2005 American Hospital Association Directory of Hospitals were contacted by phone, email, and mail, with an attempt made to speak to the chief of radiology. We obtained 115 responses, a 38.3% response rate, including 64 from practices that used an external after-hours service. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistical analyses. Results Practices gave convenience as the most important reason they use an after-hours services, with value for recruiting …

The Role Of Frizzled-1 And Frizzled-3 In Olfactory Sensory Neuronal Targeting, Mina Safain

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

THE ROLE OF FRIZZLED-1 AND FRIZZLED-3 IN OLFACTORY SENSORY NEURONAL TARGETING. Mina G. Safain. Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. While most areas of the brain do not exhibit profound neurogenesis or continuing synaptogenesis in the adult, there are notable exceptions which include the olfactory and hippocampal regions of the nervous system. In the olfactory system the olfactory sensory neurons continually turn over and extend their axons into the olfactory bulb in a highly precise manner. Some preliminary data exists that suggests the presence of Wnt and Frizzled (Fz) family members in the primary olfactory …

Nonlinear Time Series Analysis Of Knee And Ankle Kinematics During Side By Side Treadmill Walking, Jeff A. Nessler, Charles J. De Leone, Sarah Gilliland

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Nonlinear time series analysis was used to estimate maximal Lyapunov exponents of select ankle and knee kinematics during three different conditions of treadmill walking: independent, side by side, and side by side with forced synchronization of stepping. Stride to stride variability was significantly increased for the condition in which individuals walked side by side and synchronized unintentionally when compared to the conditions of forced synchronization and independent walking. In addition, standard deviations of three kinematic variables of lower extremity movement were significantly increased during the condition in which unintentional synchronization occurred. No relationship was found between standard deviation and estimates …

Assessment, Surgeon, And Society, John Norcini, Jamsheer J Talati

Section of Urology

An increasing public demand to monitor and assure the quality of care provided by physicians and surgeons has been accompanied by a deepening appreciation within the profession of the demands of self-regulation and the need for accountability. To respond to these developments, the public and the profession have turned increasingly to assessment, both to establish initial competence and to ensure that it is maintained throughout a career. Fortunately, this comes at a time when there have been significant advances in the breadth and quality of the assessment tools available. This article provides an overview of the drivers of change in …

Does The Duration Of Type 2 Diabetes Correlate With Changes In Taste Deficits?, Ann T. Mclaughlan

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

The loss of insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes interferes with cellular utilization of glucose. The underlying down-regulation of insulin receptors and the resulting insulin resistance is wide-spread throughout the body. The cardiovascular consequences may be indirectly responsible for decreased taste sensitivity because of diminished perfusion of the taste buds in this patient population. This study utilized an inexpensive, non-invasive technique, electrogustometry, to directly stimulate the taste buds by applying a variable, direct-current stimulus to measure taste receptor thresholds in newly-diagnosed ( < 2 years) and long-standing diagnosed (> 6 years) male and female Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. Taste thresholds were elicited by application of an …

Too Busy To Be Healthy? Join The Club, Patricia A. Halpin

The University Dialogue

No abstract provided.

A Health Care Education And Promotion Challenge: Hpv Vaccination, Mattie Davis-Wolfe, Nathalie Garbani, Sylvia Hay-Thompson, Susan Mayer, Carol Spencer Roane

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

In 2008, approximately 11,000 women in the United States will be diagnosed with cervical cancer and more than 3,800 American women will die of this disease. The recent approval by the Food and Drug Administration of a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine that is over 90% effective in preventing new infections and precancerous cervical lesions caused by the HPV types that cause cervical cancer may possibly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. However, a number of unresolved issues exist regarding this vaccine. This paper will explore considerations and challenges facing healthcare educators regarding the HPV vaccine in the following areas: (a) …

Hmgb1 Mediates Endogenous Tlr2 Activation And Brain Tumor Regression, James Curtin, Naiyou Liu, Marianela Candolfi, Weidong Xiong, Hikmat Assi, Kader Yagiz, Matthew Edwards, Kathrin Michelsen, Kurt Kroeger, Chunyan Liu, Akm Ghulam Muhammad, Mary Clark, Moshe Arditi, Begonya Comin-Anduix, Antoni Ribas, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro

Articles

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor that carries a 5-y survival rate of 5%. Attempts at eliciting a clinically relevant anti-GBM immune response in brain tumor patients have met with limited success, which is due to brain immune privilege, tumor immune evasion, and a paucity of dendritic cells (DCs) within the central nervous system. Herein we uncovered a novel pathway for the activation of an effective anti-GBM immune response mediated by high-mobility-group box 1 (HMGB1), an alarmin protein released from dying tumor cells, which acts as an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling …

Adenovirus E4orf4 Induces Hpv-16 Late L1 Mrna Production, Monica Somberg, Margaret Rush, Joanna Fay, Fergus Ryan, Helen Lambkin, Göran Akusjärvi, Stefan Schwartz

Articles

The adenovirus E4orf4 protein regulates the switch from early to late gene expression during the adenoviral replication cycle. Here we report that overexpression of adenovirus E4orf4 induces human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) late gene expression from subgenomic expression plasmids. E4orf4 specifically overcomes the negative effects of two splicing silencers at the two late HPV-16 splice sites SD3632 and SA5639. This results in the production of HPV-16 spliced L1 mRNAs. We show that the interaction of E4orf4 with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is necessary for induction of HPV-16 late gene expression. Also an E4orf4 mutant that fails to bind the cellular …

Editorial: Nutrition Research Reviews, Katherine Younger

Articles

Cognitive performance in children and whether this can be improved by nutritional means is an area of investigation fraught with experimental challenges, making it difficult to draw useful conclusions. Hoyland et al. (1) have here provided a much-needed systematic review of the evidence on the specific question of the effects of breakfast on children’s cognitive performance and, unsurprisingly, have concluded that the effects are generally positive, most clearly shown for memory and attention tasks and most easily demonstrated in nutritionally vulnerable children. However, the benefits of food before schoolwork are not necessarily purely, or even mostly, physiological; they could be …

The Tracking Of Dietary Intakes Of Children And Adolescents In Sweden Over Six Years: The European Youth Heart Study, Emma Patterson, Julia Wärnberg Julia Wärnberg, John Kearney, Michael Sjostrom

Articles

The stability of dietary habits through various life-stages is not well understood. A better understanding of the tracking of diet over time could have implications for health promotion as well as for the planning of nutritional epidemiology studies. We examined the stability of dietary intakes of children and adolescents over six years. As part of the European Youth Heart Study, in 1998-9, a 24-h dietary recall was performed on over one thousand 9- and 15-year-olds in Sweden. In 2004-5, 40% returned to the follow-up study. These 452 subjects (273 15- and 179 21-year-olds) were assigned to age- and gender-specific tertiles …

Innate Immune Responses In The Central Nervous System Following Toll-Like Receptor (Tlr) 7 And Tlr9 Activation, Niranjan Babu Butchi

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Activation of astrocytes and microglia and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are often associated with virus infection in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as a number of neurological diseases of unknown etiology. These inflammatory responses may be initiated by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns that stimulate toll-like receptors (TLRs). Recent studies demonstrated that TLR9 family receptors play a role in neuropathogenesis and the agonists of these receptors may be used in therapeutics treatment of brain tumors and viral infections. However, we lack the basic understanding of how these receptors function in the CNS. In the present …

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry For The Determination Of Methylprednisolone In Rat Plasma And Liver After Intravenous Administration Of Its Liver-Targeted Dextran Prodrug, Shuang-Qing Zhang, Helen R. Thorsheim, Suman Penugonda, Venkateswaran C. Pillai, Quentin R. Smith, Reza Mehvar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

A specific and sensitive liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometric method for quantitative determination of methylprednisolone (MP) in rat plasma and liver was developed and validated using triamcinolone acetonide as an internal standard. Liquid-liquid extraction using tert-butyl methyl ether was used to extract the drug and the internal standard from plasma and liver. The separation of MP was performed on a C(18) column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:0.5% formic acid aqueous solution (85:15, v/v) over 4 min. The assay was based on the selected reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 375 -> 161 for MP in plasma, 375 -> 357 for …

Resting State Default-Mode Network Connectivity In Early Depression Using A Seed Region-Of-Interest Analysis: Decreased Connectivity With Caudate Nucleus, Robyn Bluhm, Peter Williamson, Ruth Lanius, Jean Théberge, Maria Densmore, Robert Bartha, Richard Neufeld, Elizabeth Osuch

Philosophy Faculty Publications

Aim: Reports on resting brain activity in healthy controls have described a default-mode network (DMN) and important differences in DMN connectivity have emerged for several psychiatric conditions. No study to date, however, has investigated resting-state DMN in relatively early depression before years of medication treatment. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the DMN in patients seeking help from specialized mental health services for the first time for symptoms of depression.

Methods: Fourteen depressed subjects and 15 matched controls were scanned using 4-T functional magnetic resonance imaging while resting with eyes closed. All but one subject was …

Mathematical Aids Epidemic Model: Preferential Anti-Retroviral Therapy Distribution In Resource Constrained Countries, Nadia Abuelezam

HMC Senior Theses

HIV/AIDS is one of the largest health problems the world is currently facing. Even with anti-retroviral therapies (ART), many resource-constrained countries are unable to meet the treatment needs of their infected populations. ART-distribution methods need to be created that prevent the largest number of future HIV infections. We have developed a compartment model that tracks the spread of HIV in multiple two-sex populations over time in the presence of limited treatment. The model has been fit to represent the HIV epidemic in rural and urban areas in Uganda. With the model we examine the spread of HIV among urban and …

An Act Of Kindness, Danielle Cherrick

Quill & Scope

This is a piece that was presented at the convocation of thanks, an annual ceremony in which we show our appreciation to the families of the individuals who donated their bodies to our anatomy class. It discusses how the Jewish concept of “chesed shel emet," performing a “true act of kindness," applies to the priceless gift these people gave us.

The Thrifty Gene Hypothesis: Considering The Significance Of A 47-Year Old Theory, William Graham

Quill & Scope

The thrifty gene hypothesis suggests that a unique genetic profile passed down from our hunter-gatherer predecessors has contributed to the increased incidence of diabetes and obesity in particular Western populations. This highly contentious theory has been met with both support and skepticism from the research community. Debate surrounding the identification of particular 'thrifty genes has been ongoing, and alternative theories have been presented to debunk or refute the hypothesis. I argue that such discussions have distracted from the understanding of the significance of the hypothesis, and propose some alternative options for settling the debate.

A Medical Student's Role In Health Care Reform - Getting The Conversation Started, Kellie Faircloth, Kristen Lee

Quill & Scope

With the country spending 16% of its GDP on health care and 47 million Americans still uninsured, everyone agrees that change is necessary. The New York Medical College chapter of Physicians for a National Health Program (PNHP) recognizes these plan to "get the conversation started". With the collaboration of NYMC's chapters of AMA,AMSA, Improve Health Care, and the Family Medicine Interest Group and School of Public Health, a lecture series has been piloted this year with the central goal of educating students and raising awareness on campus about the crippled state of our current health care system. We believe that …

Vindicating Vaccines, Poonam Kaushal

Quill & Scope

Autism, an atypical complication of vaccines, has single-handedly created a public health controversy regarding the overall efficacy of vaccinating children. While experts battled out their positions in newspaper articles and TV talk shows, measles cases have been on the rise, cumulating in 2008 with the most cases since 1996. The public controversy coupled with landmark federal cases have allowed the layperson to think that vaccines are indeed harmful and as such has seemingly discouraged their use in health maintenance. Emphasis has shifted away from the appropriate scientific criterion that determines the relationship, or lack thereof, between vaccines and autism. In …

Media Misinterpretation, James Naples

Quill & Scope

There have been a great number of news articles that focus on clinical health issues that manifest themselves as a result of a faulty genome. The media's interpretation and translation of scientific research aimed at understanding the human genome may be inappropriately presented to the lay public. In its presentation the media seems to have created a public that is unwilling to accept responsibility for their personal health, particularly in regards to the diagnosis of ADHD and obesity. This article explores the ramifications of media influence on public perception of these two diseases.