Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Team Errors In Air Traffic Control: Analysis Based On Voluntary Reports, Renli Lu, Yan Zhou, Mu Zhou

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

By using the framework of team errors taxonomy(Sasou & Reason, 1999）and Threat and Error Management (TEM), operation errors reported in the ATC voluntary safety report system are analysed. Team errors have been proved in this research as a main risk source of ATC, a sophisticated social-technical system. Team errors contributing to 31% of the total reporting ATC errors. According to the results of sample statistics and analysis of typical cases of team errors, the main types and distributions of ATC team errors have been identified, as well as the framework and importance of sequencing of the team PSFs （Performance Shaping …

A Compatibility Analysis Of Attitude Display Formats, Motonori Yamaguchi, Robert W. Proctor

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The present research investigated factors that contribute to the compatibility of attitude display formats with actions taken to control an aircraft. In three experiments, participants performed a speeded response task in which they responded by banking an aircraft according to a nonspatial aspect of lateralized stimuli. The format of attitude display was horizon-moving or aircraftmoving, and each participant used normal and reversed controls. These manipulations dissociated influences of three response factors (aircraft, display, hand) on the stimulus-response compatibility, or Simon, effect. The influences of the three factors on the Simon effect were nearly additive, and their contributions depended on the …

Manual And Cooperative Control Mission Management Methods For Wide Area Search Munitions, Thomas R. Carretta, Lamar Warfield, Michael J. Patzek

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Wide Area Search Munitions (WASM) combine the attributes of unmanned aerial vehicles with those of traditional munitions. The WASM concept envisions artificially intelligent munitions that communicate and coordinate with one another and with human operators to effectively perform their tasks. This study examined target acquisition for unaided operators with that of an automated cooperative controller for a complex task involving the prosecution of groundbased targets. Participants completed nine trials for each control mode (manual and cooperative) by number of WASMs (4, 8, and 16) combination. Target hit rate was not affected by control mode or number of WASMs. However, target …

Robot Operator Specifications Derived From The Occupational Information Network, Michael D. Coovert, Linda R. Elliott

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The use of robots in aviation is widespread, for use as targets, decoys, remote sensing, reconnaissance, and increasingly for combat missions. Robots come in all forms and capabilities, from handheld micro air vehicles to hypersonic versions capable of high altitude long distance missions. At the same time, ground-based robots have proven effective for both military and civilian applications such as manufacturing and remote sensing / manipulations. Certainly, Talon and Packbot robots have proven their worth in battle conditions. Just as there is great variance in the type of robot being developed and utilized, so too is there tremendous variation operator …

Vigilant Spirit Control Station: A Research Testbed For Multi-Uas Supervisory Control Interfaces, Allen J. Rowe, Kristen K. Liggett Ph.D., Jason E. Davis

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Since its inception, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has adapted to military life and has subsequently become an integral part of modern day warfare. Although unmanned, this technology remains dependent on human interaction for optimal function. Bridging the gap between rapidly advancing technology and the human, the Vigilant Spirit Control Station (VSCS) serves as a multi-faceted facilitator in areas ranging from research to combat missions. The result, consequentially, is an increase in the efficiency of the program by enabling a single operator to supervise multiple vehicles. Streamlining technology is tantamount to the program’s success. Developed with this in mind, VSCS …

Fractal Time Series Analysis Of Human Heartbeat Intervals In A Change Blindness Task, Sheldon M. Russell, Gregory J. Funke, Camilla C. Knott, Benjamin A. Knott

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Fractal analysis is a set of techniques used in the study of complex systems to understand patterns of variability that are often observed in non-linear and natural systems. These techniques have been successfully applied to the study of human physiology, such as gait, heart rate variability, and respiration (West, 2004). Understanding variability in physiological measures may provide insight into human performance, individual workload, and stress. As an exploration of the possible contributions of fractal analysis to human performance, heart rate data from an existing research study was re-analyzed using methods common in fractal analysis of time series data. Results indicate …

Predicting The Unpredictable: Estimating Human Performance Parameters For Off-Nominal Events, Becky L. Hooey, Christopher D. Wickens, Ellen Salud, Angelia Sebok, Shaun Hutchins, Brian F. Gore

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A parameter meta-analysis was conducted to characterize human responses to off-nominal events. The probability of detecting an off-nominal event was influenced by characteristics of the offnominal event scenario (phase of flight, expectancy, and event location) and the presence of advanced cockpit technologies (head-up displays, highway-in-the-sky displays, datalink, and graphical route displays). The results revealed that the presence of these advanced technologies hindered event detection reflecting cognitive tunneling and pilot complacency effects.

Conflict Alerts And False Alerts In En-Route Air Traffic Control: An Empirical Study Of Causes And Consequences, Christopher D. Wickens, Stephen Rice, David Keller, Jamie Hughes, Shaun Hutchins

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

We analyzed the extent to which a high false alert rate of the conflict alerting (CA) system in five ATC facilities was the cause of a “cry-wolf” effect, whereby true alerts of a pending loss of separation were associated with either controller failure to respond or a delayed response. Radar track data surrounding 497 CA’s were examined and from these we extracted information as to whether the alert was true or false, whether a trajectory change was (response) or was not (non-response) evident, whether a loss of separation occurred, and the controller response time to the CA. Results revealed an …

Assisting Air Traffic Control In Planning And Monitoring Continuous Descent Approach Procedures, A. Van Der Eijk, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, A. C. In ‘T Veld

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In advanced noise abatement procedures, the approach of an aircraft is optimized to reduce the noise on the ground. A drawback of many noise abatement procedures is that air traffic controllers are forced to increase spacing, leading to a significant reduction of runway capacity. A display, named the Time-Space Diagram, has been developed to assist controllers in metering, sequencing and merging aircraft flying noise abatement procedures such as the Continuous Descent Approach. Although initial tests were promising, it was recommended that the information could be enhanced by supporting common controller spacing techniques. The improved display was tested in an experiment, …

Usage Data From Users Of Two Synthetic Vision Systems, Dennis B. Beringer

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Although much research has been conducted regarding display design and formatting criteria for terrain-depicting or synthetic-vision displays, little data have been collected concerning how General Aviation pilots use fielded displays. Structured interviews were conducted with a small sample (10; 33% response rate) of users of two fielded synthetic-vision (SV) displays, one with selectable Highway-In-the-Sky (HITS) guidance and one without. Questions were asked concerning pilots’ experience (both general and specific with display systems) and use of the SV systems by phase of flight. Use rates for the first system (with a selectable HITS) were high, with “always used” being reported for …

Analysis Of Ramp Damage Incidents And Implications For Future Composite Aircraft Structure, Barbara G. Kanki Ph.D., Connie L. Brasil

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

As aircraft manufacturers use increasing amounts of composite materials in primary aircraft structures, an understanding of how composite damage may occur is crucial. One likely setting for composite damage events is the ramp and gate areas where “ramp rash” is a common occurrence. Costly consequences to airlines and the potential to jeopardize safety are an everyday hazard. In order to better understand how such events unfold in today’s operations, 104 ramp damage reports that were voluntarily submitted to the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) were analyzed. Factors including environmental conditions, aircraft state, aircraft damage locations and types of ramp …

Testing A Multidimensional Nonveridical Aircraft Collision Avoidance System, Experiments 3, 4, William R. Knecht

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Veridical displays represent realistic scenes. State spaces are nonveridical displays representing ndimensional information. This research tests an aircraft separation maintenance display based on a nonveridical state space. In two experiments, licensed general aviation pilots flew flight scenarios, trying to deviate as little as possible from a pre-assigned course while still maintaining standard enroute separation from traffic. Flight performance using only a veridical cockpit display of traffic information with conflict alert capability was compared to performance augmented by a 4D nonveridical state space collision avoidance system. Results suggest that nonveridical display enhances operator performance on an aircraft separation maintenance task.

Stan And The Moon Illusion: Drilling Down At One End Of The Human Systems Integration Elephant, Hector M. Acosta Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Dr. Stanley Nebuchadnezzar Roscoe invested decades researching a mystery born of observations separated by over two millennia. Characteristically, he addressed this peculiar problem set based on its Total System Performance implications, inspiring students and colleagues along the way. It was during his dissertation research that Stan found that pilots attempting landings using periscopic displays needed about 20% magnification to avoid landing long and hot. He did not know “the why” of his observation or its pragmatic solution. To Stan’s great frustration, nothing in the existing literature explained the phenomena. Years later, Stan and his students hit upon a mechanism that …

The Psychology Of Aviation Surprise: An 8 Year Update Regarding The Noticing Of Black Swans, Christopher D. Wickens

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

We describe the limitation that people have in noticing very unexpected, surprising “offnominal”, or black swan events, as reflected in the psychology of change blindness; and how this limitation can compromise aviation safety. We then describe a three phase program of research examining pilot response to these black swan events, using (1) a meta-analysis to reveal the miss rate in noticing black swans, (2) a model of visual attention to predict this miss rate, and (3) the same model to make predictions regarding the safety impact of NextGen technology and procedures.

Single-Engine Firefighting Air Tanker Human Factors, R. Small, C. Wickens, A. Sebok, R. Sargent, M. Bickham, C. Kemper

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

This paper describes the unique environment and safety challenges for pilots who fly singleengine air tanker (SEAT) firefighting aircraft, and the highlights from a human factors (HF) analysis of SEAT operations conducted in 2009. The HF analysis used the FAA’s Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) because of its broad examination of HF issues and prior use in aviation. We examined operations, training, and the applicable safety reports, and we interviewed or received anonymous surveys from 71 stakeholders – pilots, supervisors, and managers. The analysis yielded 63 recommendations, many of which were adopted for the 2010 fire season. Despite …

Benefit Design Of Medicare Drug Plans: An Analysis Of Ohio And The National Landscape From 2006 Through 2009, Brad Haverkos

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objectives: Since previous research was fragmented and incomplete, I described changes in the benefit designs of stand-alone PDPs in the United States from 2006 through 2009. In addition, I identified trends in the PDP market of Ohio and compared them to the national data. The intent was to discover changes that might only be observed during the examination of a smaller market. I then presented the enrollment data of stand-alone PDPs in Ohio and discussed the benefit designs of popular plans to help further understand the PDP market dynamics.

Methods: Each year, CMS collected and released information on benefit characteristics …

Smoking And Second Hand Smoking In Adolescents With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report From The Chronic Kidney Disease In Children (Ckid) Cohort Study, Abiodun Aderogba Omoloja, J. Jerry-Fluker, Alison Abraham, S. Furth, B. Warady, M. Mitsnefes

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of smoking and second hand smoking [SHS] in adolescents with CKD and their relationship to baseline parameters at enrollment in the CKiD, observational cohort study of 600 children (aged 1-16 yrs) with Schwartz estimated GFR of 30-90 ml/min/1.73m2. 239 adolescents had self-report survey data on smoking and SHS exposure: 21 [9%] subjects had “ever” smoked a cigarette. Among them, 4 were current and 17 were former smokers. Hypertension was more prevalent in those that had “ever” smoked a cigarette (42%) compared to non-smokers (9%), p

Habitat Variation Among Aquatic Gastropod Assemblages Of Indiana, U.S.A., Mark Pyron, Jayson Beugly, Matthew Spielman, Jennifer Pritchett, Stephen J. Jacquemin

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

We collected aquatic gastropods at 137 sites in lakes and streams of Indiana and tested for patterns of assemblages with environmental variables. The survey resulted in 32 species with a mean of 2.8 species at each site, and a mean abundance at each site of 144 individuals. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) multivariate analyses resulted in watershed drainage area, water conductivity, substrate category frequency, and dissolved oxygen as significant correlates of gastropod assemblage structure. Gastropod assemblages of lakes were not significantly different than assemblages of streams in the ordination. Prosobranch taxa occurred in higher abundances than pulmonate taxa at sites with …

An Overview Of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Burden In Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Socio-Cultural Perspective, Rhonda Belue, Titilayo A. Okoror, Juliet Iwelunmor, Kelly D. Taylor, Arnold N. Degboe, Charles Agyemang, Gbenga Ogedegbe

Africana Studies Faculty Scholarship

Background: Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are currently experiencing one of the most rapid epidemiological transitions characterized by increasing urbanization and changing lifestyle factors. This has resulted in an increase in the incidence of non-communicable diseases, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). This double burden of communicable and chronic non-communicable diseases has long-term public health impact as it undermines healthcare systems.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the socio-cultural context of CVD risk prevention and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. We discuss risk factors specific to the SSA context, including poverty, urbanization, developing healthcare systems, traditional healing, lifestyle and socio-cultural factors. …

Vascular Sonography 2009, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

College Of Osteopathic Medicine Syllabus, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Master Of Health Science 2009, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Taking Evidence-Based Practice To The Bedside: Innovative Methods Of Keeping Patients Informed, Carlos Arguelles, Myrta Rabinowitz, Lily Thomas, Nicole C. Lemoine, Kathleen Palafox

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Hss Departmental Developments Winter 2009, Department Of Health And Sport Sciences

Health and Sport Sciences Newsletter

• A Shot of Health Annual Health Fair
• Updates from the Majors

Cellular Telephones And Cancer: Is There A Connection?, James Bolton

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

Cellular telephones have been accused of causing brain tumors for years, but none of the studies that have been published have proven there is a link. The tumors that have been researched include parotid gland tumors, acoustic neuromas, and acoustic gliomas, to name a few. Wireless cellular phone usage has been increasing over the past few years, and some European countries are said to have a penetration rate of over 100%, "which is to say there are more subscribers than inhabitants"². Wireless technology emits electromagnetic energy (AKA microwave radiation or radiofrequency radiation), and sources include not only cellular …

The Epidemiologic Link Between Listeriosis And Ready-To-Eat Food Products, Jennifer House

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

Historically, most food-borne pathogens have been controlled by processing procedures such as pasteurization or cooking. Other bacterial pathogens are usually acquired through eating raw or undercooked meat, raw milk and produce that has been contaminated. However, with Listeria monocytogenes the foods most often implicated both in outbreaks and in sporadic cases are considered ready-to-eat (RTE) with no 112 International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities further processing. In addition to acquiring the pathogen through raw meats, raw milk and produce the disease has been traced to consumption of deli meats, pasteurized milk, and pasteurized milk products. This is due …

The First Total Synthesis Of (±)-4-Methoxydecanoic Acid: A Novel Antifungal Fatty Acid, Nestor Carballeira, Carlos Miranda, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The hitherto unknown (±)-4-methoxydecanoic acid was synthesized in six steps and in 25% overall yield starting from commercially available 4-penten-1-ol. The title compound demonstrated 17-fold higher antifungal activity (MIC = 1.5 mM) against Candida albicans ATCC 60193 and Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 66031 when compared to unsubstituted n-decanoic acid. Our results demonstrate that mid-chain methoxylation appears to be a viable strategy for increasing the fungitoxicity of fatty acids.

Challenges For The Modern Science In Its Descend Towards Nano Scale, Vuk Uskoković

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The current rise in the interest in physical phenomena at nano spatial scale is described hereby as a natural consequence of the scientific progress in manipulation with matter with an ever higher sensitivity. The reason behind arising of the entirely new field of nanoscience is that the properties of nanostructured materials may significantly differ from their bulk counterparts and cannot be predicted by extrapolations of the size-dependent properties displayed by materials composed of microsized particles. It is also argued that although a material can comprise critical boundaries at the nano scale, this does not mean that it will inevitably exhibit …

The Guinea Pig Ileum Lacks The Direct, High-Potency, M2-Muscarinic, Contractile Mechanism Of The Mouse Ileum, Michael T. Griffin, Minoru Matsui, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Frederick J. Ehlert

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

We explored whether the M2 muscarinic receptor in the guinea pig ileum elicits a highly potent, direct-contractile response, like that from the M3 muscarinic receptor knockout mouse. First, we characterized the irreversible receptor-blocking activity of 4-DAMP mustard in ileum from muscarinic receptor knockout mice to verify its M3 selectivity. Then, we used 4-DAMP mustard to inactivate M3 responses in the guinea pig ileum to attempt to reveal direct, M2 receptor-mediated contractions. The muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine-M, elicited potent contractions in ileum from wild-type, M2 receptor knockout, and M3 receptor knockout mice characterized by negative log EC50 (pEC50) values ± SEM of …

System Of Care Implementation, Robert M. Friedman, Paul E. Greenbaum, Wei Wang, Krista Kutash, Roger A. Boothroyd

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

For almost 25 years now, a major policy emphasis in children’s mental health at the federal level and within most states has been the development of community-based systems of care. There have been many meetings and conferences about this, training and technical assistance material has been provided, and written material has been prepared, and a federal grant program, the Children’s Mental Health Initiative (CMHI) has now provided funding to over 100 grantees for the development of such systems of care.