Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Characteristics Of Hiv-Infected Children Seen In Western Kenya, W Nyandiko, A. Mwangi, S. O. Ayaya, E. C. Nabakwe, C. N. Tenge, R. C. Vreeman, Peter Gisore

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Objectives: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of children registered for care in a large HIV care programme in Western Kenya.

Design: A retrospective descriptive study.

Setting: USAID-AMPATH HIV clinics in health centres; district and sub-district hospitals; Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Western Kenya.

Subjects: HIV-infected children below age of 15 years seen in a network of 18 clinics in Western Kenya.

Interventions: Paediatric HIV diagnosis and care including treatment and prevention of opportunistic infections and provision of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART).

Main outcome measures: Diagnosis, clinical stage and immune status at enrollment and follow-up; hospitalisation and death. Descriptive …

Using Motivational Interviewing In Public Health Practice To Prevent Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Lisa J. Ficker, Cheryl Lauber, Sandra L. King, Jewell Akins, Dranoel Knox, William Ridella

Michigan Journal of Public Health

Background: Surveys of women in prenatal care at busy clinics in Detroit, Michigan have reported 12.5% continue to drink during pregnancy (Flynn et al, 2003) and women in substance abuse treatment programs in Wayne County, MI have an incidence rate for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) of 4 in 1,000 births, double the national prevalence rate of FAS. The goal of the current study was to intervene with women at high risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy using techniques of Brief Motivational Interviewing (BMI) in a verbal and written format. Methods: One third (33%) of 1,784 women screened at Detroit Department of …

Cardinal Athletics Winter 2009, Otterbein University

Cardinal Athletics Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Ponderal Somatogram Analysis Of Girth Measurements By Position In Division Iii College Football Players, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Daniel G. Drury, David F. Petrie, Frank I. Katch

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Ponderal somatograms assessed body compositions in four groups of Division III collegiate football players: offensive line (OL), defensive line (DL), offensive backs (OB), and defensive backs (DB). Ponderal somatograms evaluate body size and shape by converting muscular (shoulders, chest, biceps, forearm, thigh, and calf) and nonmuscular (abdomen, hips knee, ankle, and wrist) girths into ponderal equivalent (PE) values. Anthropometric measurements, including stature, body mass, girths, and percent body fat by densitometry were collected in 82 players (22 OL, 12 DL, 20 OB, and 28 DB) during preseason camp. PE values were calculated for each girth as PE, kilograms = (girth, …

A Comparison Of The Observation Of Movement Method And Electromyography Method Of Determining Motor Threshold In Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Berry Stephen Anderson

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Clinicians are using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a noninvasive tool to treat depression; however, standards for determining the motor threshold (MT), which often determines the final location of the TMS coil and the intensity of simulation for the depression treatment, are not clear. This study compared the observation of movement (OM) method and electromyography (EMG) method of determining motor threshold in a group of experienced TMS administrators and nurses with no previous MT knowledge. We hypothesized that between methods and groups the MT estimates would vary by ≤ 5% of stimulator output and the ideal motor scalp location between …

Analyzing Adherence To Prenatal Supplements: Does Pill Count Measure Up?, Kristie Elizabeth Appelgren

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Background: Results of a trial of prenatal Vitamin D supplementation are analyzed for associations of pill count data with serum-based measures of adherence. Obiective: It is hypothesized that adherence as measured by pill count will have a significant association with serum-based measures of adherence. Design: The study from which the data for this analysis were derived is a large randomized, controlled, and double-blinded trial of vitamin D supplements in pregnant women. The women have been stratified by race and randomized into three groups, which receive a 400IU (control), 20001U, or 40001U dose of vitamin D[subscript 3] once daily. Women enter …

Dna Structure Modulates The Oligomerization Properties Of The Aav Initiator Protein Rep68, Jorge Mansilla-Soto, Miran Yoon-Robarts, William J. Rice, Shailee Arya, Carlos R. Escalante, R. Michael Linden

Physiology and Biophysics Publications and Presentations

Rep68 is a multifunctional protein of the adeno-associated virus (AAV), a parvovirus that is mostly known for its promise as a gene therapy vector. In addition to its role as initiator in viral DNA replication, Rep68 is essential for site-specific integration of the AAV genome into human chromosome 19. Rep68 is a member of the superfamily 3 (SF3) helicases, along with the well-studied initiator proteins simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40-LTag) and bovine papillomavirus (BPV) E1. Structurally, SF3 helicases share two domains, a DNA origin interaction domain (OID) and an AAA+ motor domain. The AAA+ motor domain is also …

Dilemma In The Diagnosis Of Mediastinal Adenopathy In The South Asian Population-Role Of Ct Guided Biopsy, Mediastinoscopy And Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy (Vats), Marium Muzaffar, Hashim M Hanif, Saulat H. Fatimi

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

The diagnosis of mediastinal adenopathy is a dilemma amongst treating physicians especially in South Asia. This is because although tuberculosis is endemic in this region, many a times lymphoma and sarcoidosis cannot be excluded. Often patients are being treated with medications without a confirmed diagnosis. The Video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) has revolutionized the way mediastinal adenopathy is diagnosed and managed in this part of the world.

Molecular Confirmation Of The Causes Of Inherited Visual Impairment In Northern Pakistan, Mehreen Adhi, Yasmin Rashid, Syed Hussain Jafri, Chris F. Inglehearn, Martin Mckibbin

Section of Ophthalmology

Families with inherited visual impairment were identified and examined from January 2000 to December 2005 and given a clinical diagnosis. Known genes and loci were screened for mutations or linkage at Institute of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences, University of Leeds, in order to provide molecular confirmation. Inherited retinal disease was the most common cause of inherited visual impairment in 38 of 57 families (66.6%) with Leber's congenital amaurosis, rod-cone dystrophy and cone-rod dystrophy being the most common diagnoses in 22, 8 and 3 families respectively. Anterior segment dysgenesis was diagnosed in 8 families (14%). Mutations in known genes or linkage to …

The Effects Of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (Cla) On Fatty Acid Composition And Key Enzymes Of Fatty Acid Oxidation In Liver And Muscle Of Geese, Xuhui Zhang, Baowei Wang, Fangyu Long, Lei Wang, Zhigang Yang

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fatty acid composition and key enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle of geese. A total of 192 1-day-old geese were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary groups, and were fed for 56 days on diets containing 2.5% soybean oil (group A, control group) or 2.0% soybean oil with 0.5% CLA (group B), 1.0% soybean oil with 1.5% CLA (group C), and 2.5 % CLA (group D). Geese fed CLA had a decreased abdominal fat percentage (AFP) (P < 0.01) compared with the control. It was observed that dietary CLA levels had a significant effect on the body weight, weight gain, feed conversion rate (FCR) (P < 0.05), and feed intake (P < 0.01). Fatty acid composition showed a significant increase of the biologically active cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, and cis-12 CLA isomers in both liver and muscle of geese fed CLA (P < 0.01). Dietary CLA led to an increase (P < 0.01) in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and a reduction in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (P < 0.05) concentrations in both liver and muscle. In liver, dietary CLA increased (P < 0.05) acyl CoA oxidase (ACO) activity, but did not affect carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) activity compared with the control. CPT-I activity was significantly increased by 2.5% dietary CLA in muscle, where ACO activity was decreased at 1.5% CLA level. The results obtained suggested that geese can successfully incorporate CLA in both liver and muscle, which could be beneficial in the human diet, through provision of bioactive fatty acids with no detrimental effects on n-3 PUFA levels.

The Ethical Foundations Of Consumer-Driven Health Care, Marshall B. Kapp

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Childhood Obesity: The Law's Response To The Surgeon General's Call To Action To Prevent And Decrease Overweight And Obesity, Leah Loeb

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of An Integrated Behavioral Health Initiative On The Behavior Of Providers In An Ob/Gyn Primary Care Clinic, Dean Moritz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The separation between behavioral services and traditional medicine is increasingly being seen as counterproductive on personal and societal levels. Despite this, there has been little research examining how integrated models blending mental and physical health services could be implemented. The literature revealed that behavioral interventions have been incorporated into traditional medical treatments, but this often has been piecemeal in nature and has yielded equivocal results. This study examined the assertion that effective integration between behavioral and medical services will increase the standard of care for the patient. Integration in this study was accomplished by colocating a psychologist on the primary …

The Responses Of Bamenda Disability Organizations To Hiv And Aids: A Multiple Case Study, Lynn Cockburn

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In Cameroon, many disabled people (an estimated 10-20% of the population) have inadequate access to education and health care, and disabled people's organizations (DPOs) are advocating for social change. Yet, there is a scarcity of information regarding how African DPOs address HIV and AIDS. The purpose of this study was to assess how DPOs in Cameroon have responded to AIDS in the disabled population and to identify strategies to enable DPOs to manage AIDS issues. This study was guided by the complex adaptive systems theory as the theoretical framework. The research questions focused on what DPOs have done to develop …

Perceptions Of Leadership Effectiveness In The Management Of Intergenerational Work-Values Conflict: An Antecedent Of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Of Perioperative Registered Nurses, Patricia G. Wright

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Studies reveal a progressive net decrease in the nursing profession across four generations, creating a shortage that poses a critical threat to the health care delivery system and to the health and safety of patients within that system. Research also suggests that generational cohorts reflect social change in attitudes toward work-life balance, organizational commitment, personal-professional relationships, autonomy, focus on career advancement, and actions that represent organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Previous research grounded in theoretical frameworks of organizational behavior, leadership, and social capital indicates that leadership support of workforce diversity and effectiveness in conflict management influence OCB. However, little research explores …

The Application Of Learning Organization Principles To Church Growth, Colleen S. Bryan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

While many studies showed evidence of the use of learning organization theory in a variety of venues, these theories have been studied in a limited capacity in church settings. This research attempted to substantiate the presence of learning organization principles in churches experiencing growth, and to refine a tool to measure these characteristics in churches. Relationships and strengths of association between and among 3 learning organization principles of leadership, job structure and systems, and performance and development, and degrees of growth defined as negative, plateau, and positive growth were examined in a sample of Nazarene churches via a revised survey …

A Case Study Of Factors Influencing Health Benefit Offerings By Small Businesses, Richard J. Dahlkemper

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

If the United States is turning to consumer-driven health plans to control costs and improve access, research is needed regarding the perception of such plans among small businesses. Nearly half of Americans are employed by small businesses where access to health insurance has declined most rapidly. Reviews of the literature revealed solid theoretical bases for high expectations regarding the diffusion of consumer-driven health plans among small businesses, but relatively little information was found regarding the attitudes of small businesses toward emerging health plan models. Qualitative case studies of 6 small employers in the Ogden, Utah, area were conducted to address …

Personality Traits, Self -Efficacy Of Job Performance, And Susceptibility To Stress As Predictors Of Academic Performance Of Nurse Education Programs, Nancy Wilson-Soga

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The United States is experiencing a shortage of registered nurses, and institutions of higher education are unable to graduate enough prepared nurses to reduce this employment shortage. A significant relationship between personality traits and academic performance has been found; however, how personality traits combine with students' self-efficacy of job performance and stress susceptibility to impact nursing students' academic performance has yet to be demonstrated. This study, grounded in the five-factor model (FFM) of personality traits, self-efficacy, and stress theories, sought to determine whether self-assessments of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, the Nursing Practice Self-Efficacy survey, and the Susceptibility Under Stress Survey …

Foodborne Or Pandemic: An Analysis Of The Transmission Of Norovirus-Associated Gastroenteritis And The Role Of Food Handlers, M. S. Dreyfuss

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study examined the strength of association between food workers and food to norovirus in comparison to bacteria associated with foodborne-related gastroenteritis by whether norovirus had a direct (physical evidence), indirect (statistical evidence), or suspect (neither of the two) association with food or food handlers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers norovirus to cause the largest number of foodborne-related gastroenteritis cases in the United States. The association of norovirus with foodborne outbreaks through its information data collection form focuses on the food worker as the typical source. Yet, many outbreaks are not foodborne in nature. The gap in …

Beliefs And Attitudes Regarding Health -Enhancing Behaviors In African American And Caucasian Women, Cassaundra Murray

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A disproportionate number of African American (AA) women are overweight, obese, and more likely to have weight related health concerns compared with Caucasian (C) women. Previous research indicates perception about health-enhancing behaviors influences AA females' health behavior. A gap exists in the current literature regarding AA women's perception of eating and exercise behavior and the impact social support has on AA women's adherence to USDA recommendations. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine AA women's weight locus of control, perceived susceptibility to weight related diseases, and perceived barriers to healthy eating and exercise relative to C women; …

A National Study To Compare The Tolerability And Effectiveness Of Colon Cleansing Preparations, Glenda Lynn Daniels

Nursing Dissertations - Archive

Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Fortunately, 90% of colorectal cancer deaths are preventable if the disease is detected early. Colonoscopy, the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening, allows direct examination of the colon. However, the colon must be cleaned of all stool in order to detect polyps, tumors, inflammation, and other problems. A wide variety of purging agents are available for colon cleansing but all have limitations and poor bowel cleansing is common. The purpose of the study was to (1) describe bowel …

Download Full Pdf Issue Of Thomas Jefferson University Mph Public Health Link Newsletter, Vol. 5, Iss. 1, Winter 2009

Public Health Link

This issue includes a spotlight on alumnae—Meghan Gannon, along with recaps of the Oxfam Hunger banquet, SAPHE Students Participate in AIDS Walk Philly, the Annual APHA: Public Health Without Borders conference and program announcements.

Stat5 Regulation Of Bcl10 Parallels Constitutive Nfkappab Activation In Lymphoid Tumor Cells., Zsuzsanna S Nagy, Matthew J Lebaron, Jeremy A Ross, Abhisek Mitra, Hallgeir Rui, Robert A Kirken

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 A and B (STAT5) are key survival factors in cells of the lymphoid lineage. Identification of novel, tissue-specific STAT5 regulated genes would advance the ability to combat diseases due to aberrant STAT5 signaling. In the present work a library of human STAT5 bound genomic elements was created and validated. RESULTS: Of several STAT5 responsive genomic regulatory elements identified, one was located within the first intron of the human BCL10 gene. Chromatin immuno-precipitation reactions confirmed constitutive in vivo STAT5 binding to this intronic fragment in various human lymphoid tumor cell lines. Interestingly, non-phosphorylated …

The Spinal Column-Spinal Cord Injury Manual, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital And Magee Rehabilitation

Spinal Cord Injury Manual (English)

The spinal cord is a part of a system called the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of two main structures — the brain and the spinal cord. The spinal cord is delicate tissue protected by spinal bones, which are called vertebrae. The spinal cord sits in a space through the center of the vertebrae called the spinal canal. The vertebrae are stacked one on top of another. The job of the vertebrae is to provide support and flexibility for the body and to protect the spinal cord. Discs separate the vertebrae. Discs are tough fibrous …

Bowel-Spinal Cord Injury Manual, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital And Magee Rehabilitation

Spinal Cord Injury Manual (English)

Introduction

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) changes the way your body works, especially your bowels. After a spinal cord injury, bowel movements (or stool) require more time, thought and planning. Usually, people with SCI cannot feel when stool is ready to come out; therefore, their bowels need re-training.

Anatomy

What Is the Bowel, and What Does It Do?

The bowel is the last portion of your digestive tract and is sometimes called the large intestine or colon. The digestive tract as a whole is a hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus (see illustration below). The function of …

Respiratory-Spinal Cord Injury Manual, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital And Magee Rehabilitation

Spinal Cord Injury Manual (English)

Introduction

Spinal cord injury can affect normal breathing. The level of your injury will determine the effect it will have. It can be different for everyone. For example, the higher the level of your injury, the more complications you may face. Good pulmonary care can assist in keeping you healthy after your spinal cord injury.

Normal

The process of breathing (or respiration) is a two-step process: taking in air (inspiration) and exhaling the waste products. The process of taking in air (inhalation) is an active process, requiring the use of many muscles, while the process of exhaling is a passive …

Respiratory Dependent-Spinal Cord Injury Manual, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital And Magee Rehabilitation

Spinal Cord Injury Manual (English)

Introduction

One of the most important aspects of spinal cord injury care is respiratory management. The previous chapter deals with the effect spinal cord injury has on your ability to breathe while this chapter deals with the management of individuals who are dependent on a ventilator to breathe. This dependency may be temporary or permanent, depending on your level of injury. Please review the previous chapter prior to reading this one.

Artificial Airways

The first step in trying to maintain normal respiratory function is to establish an airway. Spinal cord injury does not affect your airway. However, in order to …

Skin-Spinal Cord Injury Manual, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital And Magee Rehabilitation

Spinal Cord Injury Manual (English)

Introduction to Skin Function

The skin is a vital part of the body with many necessary functions:

• The skin protects you from the environment. When your skin is intact, there is a barrier against bacteria and injury to the organs inside of the body. It prevents too much sunlight or harmful chemicals from entering the body.

• The skin helps you stay warm or cool. Your sweat glands produce sweat and cool you off as the sweat evaporates from the skin.

• Nerve endings in the skin send messages to the brain to give you information about pain, temperature …

Cardiovascular-Spinal Cord Injury Manual, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital And Magee Rehabilitation

Spinal Cord Injury Manual (English)

Introduction

Cardiovascular problems affect all people who have a spinal cord injury. It has been noted to be particularly problematic for those over 65 years old and those who have been injured for more than 30 years. Due to this problem affecting many people, it needs to be addressed early in your rehabilitation as well as throughout your life.

Description of the Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system contains the heart and the blood vessels. The heart is a muscular pump in the chest that receives blood from blood vessels from all over the body. As the heart beats, it delivers …

Nutrition-Spinal Cord Injury Manual, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital And Magee Rehabilitation

Spinal Cord Injury Manual (English)

Introduction-Why Nutrition Matters

Nutrition is important for everyone to maintain good health. After a spinal cord injury, nutrition can be even more important to improve overall wellness, achieve and maintain a healthy weight and help regulate bowel and bladder function. Eating a well balanced diet can help prevent the long term complications associated with SCI such as weight gain, deconditioning and skin breakdown.

A well-balanced diet can provide all of the nutrients that your body needs. Foods high in fiber, along with plenty of water, help regulate bowel function. However, if you eat more than you need, you can gain …