Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Fear Of Fatness Among Young Irish Adolescents : Association With Obesity, Reported Iron And Folate Intake, And Dental Health, Anne C. Griffin

Doctoral

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of fear of fatness (the desire to be thinner) and associated factors, including obesity, reported energy, iron and folate intakes. The difficulties in defining overweight among Irish children and an assessment of dietary and socio-economic factors related to dental caries and also reported in the group. METHODS: A one-year follow up study of 251 healthy schoolchildren at baseline (119 boys and 132 girls; mean age 11 years) attending 7 fee-paying (6 single- and 1-mixed sex) and 8 non-fee-paying (4 single- and 4 mixed-sex) schools in Dublin city center. Assessment of body image perceptions and satisfaction …

Effect Of Zinc On The Treatment Of Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria In Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial, F. Sempertegui, B. Estrella, F.R. Toapanta, D.S. Torres, D.E. Calahorrano, K. Yeboah-Antwi, E. Addo-Yobo, P. Arthur, S. Newton, Zul Premji, M. Hubert, C.S. Makwaya, F. Ssengooba, J. Konde-Lule, E. Mukisa, D.H. Hamer, W. Macleod, C. Duggan, W. Fawzi, J. Simon, V. Mwanakasale, M. Mulenga, T. Sukwa, J. Tshiula

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Zinc supplementation in young children has been associated with reductions in the incidence and severity of diarrheal diseases, acute respiratory infections, and malaria.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the potential role of zinc as an adjunct in the treatment of acute, uncomplicated falciparum malaria; a multicenter, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was undertaken.

Design: Children (n = 1087) aged 6 mo to 5 y were enrolled at sites in Ecuador, Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Children with fever and ≥ 2000 asexual forms of Plasmodium falciparum/μL in a thick blood smear received chloroquine and were randomly assigned to …

Detection Of Giardia Duodenalis Antigen In Coprolites Using A Commercially Available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Marcelo Luiz Carvalho Gonçalves, Adauto Araújo, Rosemere Duarte, Joaquim Pereira Da Silva, Karl Reinhard, Françoise Bouchet, Luis Fernando Ferreira

Karl Reinhard Publications

The objective of this experiment was to assess the utility of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for diagnosis of giardiasis in archaeological human remains. The kit, a monoclonal antibody assay, is used to detect the presence of Giardia-specific antigen 65 (GSA65) in human feces. We utilized the assay in ancient fecal material. The material included desiccated feces found in mummies or in archaeological sites, and sediments from latrines. A total of 83 specimens, previously examined microscopically for parasites, were examined. The ELISA detected 3 positive samples, dated to about 1200 AD, 1600 AD, and 1700 AD. …

Multidisciplinary Coprolite Analysis, Karl Reinhard, Dennis R. Danielson, Mark Daniels, Sérgio Augusto De Miranda Chaves

Karl Reinhard Publications

Coprolite analysis, as reviewed by Reinhard and Bryant (1992), contributes unique and detailed information regarding diet and parasitic disease. We present here an analysis of dietary components of coprolites from Bighorn Cave using macroscopic remains, pollen concentrations, and phytoliths. In addition, we analyzed Bighorn Cave coprolites for evidence of parasitic organisms, especially intestinal worms. Such analyses of coprolites have become important methods for reconstructing past dietary and medicinal practices. Pollen concentration and phytolith quantification techniques have recently been developed, but until this report no known attempt has been made to synthesize pollen, macroscopic, and phytolith data from a single coprolite …

Defining The Cultural Milieu For Implementing Faculty Practice In Pakistan, Michele J. Upvall, Zeenatkhanu Kanji, Salma Jaffer, Khurshid Khowaja, Rubina Barolia, Yasmin Amarsi

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Faculty practice can promote a collaborative partnership mutually beneficial to both nursing education and service. However, little is known about its implementation in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential for introducing faculty practice within the cultural milieu of Karachi, Pakistan. Focus groups of nursing faculty, staff and students were conducted in various settings: government, semi government and private institutions to elicit the data. Data analysis revealed that a more comprehensive definition of faculty practice is needed that will provide the foundation for a culturally acceptable model of faculty practice in Pakistan. Hierarchy dominates the …

Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism, Peripheral Indexes Of Serotonin Function, And Personality Measures In Families With Alcoholism, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Geoffrey R. Twitchell, Gregory L. Hanna, Edwin H. Cook, Hiram E. Fitzgerald, Robert A. Zucker, Karley Y. Little

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A functional polymorphism in the regulatory region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is considered to be a plausible candidate gene for anxiety-related personality traits and for alcoholism. Empirical support for the association between 5-HTTLPR and psychological traits has been somewhat inconsistent; however, observations of the functional dominance of the low-activity s-allele over the l-allele have been more consistent. When studying the influence of particular genes on psychological traits, it seems useful also to assess more biological intermediate traits that may mediate the effects of those genes on the traits of interest. The present study examined relationships between 5-HTTLPR genotype, …

Descriptive Epidemiology Of Body Mass Index Of An Urban Adult Population In Western India, H. C. Shukla, P. C. Gupta, H. C. Mehta, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

Study objective: To describe height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of the adult urban population in Mumbai, western India and to estimate the prevalence and severity of thinness and overweight in this population. To describe the association of BMI with education, age, and tobacco habits in an urban Indian population. Design: Cross sectional representative survey of 99 598 adults (40 071 men and 59 527 women). Setting: The survey was carried out in the city of Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay) in western India. Participants: Men and women aged >35 years who were residents of the main city of …

Changes In Muscle Function And Motorneuron Excitability Of The Triceps Surae Following A Bout Of Fatiguing Eccentric Exercise, Mikala Pougnault

Theses : Honours

A reduction in capacity of the neuromuscular system associated with exercise can occur from a wide range of physiological and psychological factors. Many researchers have investigated neural activation during exercise, or the effects of muscle damage associated with eccentric exercise, but few have studied the prolonged effects of a bout of eccentric exercise on strength and motorneuron excitability. Eleven male and female subjects (aged 20-43 years) were tested to determine the effects of a fatiguing bout of eccentric exercise upon maximal isometric plantarflexion strength, motorneuron excitability, and neural activation of the soleus (SOL) and medial gastrocnemius (MG). The exercise consisted …

General Practitioners' Attitudes To Palliative Care : A Regional Perspective, Richelle Lee-Steere

Theses : Honours

The study explores regional general practitioners' attitudes to palliative care through semi- structured interviewing using a qualitative methodology. Attitudes to palliative care were examined using the general practitioners' accounts of their experiences and perceptions of caring for terminally ill patients. The participants were ten registered general practitioners located within the Greater Sunbury Division of General Practice in the South West of Western Australia. A semi-structured interview schedule containing ten open-ended questions was used to assess regional general practitioners' attitudes to palliative care. Examples of the research questions included: What are regional general practitioners' attitudes to palliative care? What supports are …

'Bringing You Up To Speed' Challenges Of A Mother Using Amphetamines : A Case Study, Derek Bilton

Theses : Honours

The purpose of the current study was to explore the challenges of parenting from the perspective of a woman who uses amphetamines. The types of parenting challenge that arise as a direct result of both intoxication and a drug using lifestyle were examined. The study also investigated the types of coping strategies that the participant adopted in meeting her parenting challenges in conjunction with the factors that aided and impeded her preferred method of responding. The study extends onto the existing literature by drawing a participant from a non-clinical setting. The participant was recruited from word of mouth field recruitment. …

Pesticides En Milieu Serricole : Caractérisation De L'Exposition Des Travailleurs Et Évaluation Des Délais De Réentrée, Onil Samuel, Louis St-Laurent, Pierre Dumas, Éric Langlois, Guy Gingras

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les employés du Jardin botanique et des serres Louis Dupire de la ville de Montréal sont régulièrement en contact avec des pesticides dans le cadre de leurs activités. L’inquiétude soulevée, en regard des risques à la santé qui pourraient découler de l’exposition aux pesticides dans un milieu fermé comme les serres, justifiait d’entreprendre une étude dans le but de répondre aux interrogations des travailleurs et des responsables du service de santé. Les résultats de cette recherche devaient permettre, le cas échéant, d’améliorer certaines pratiques de travail dans les entreprises concernées. C’est pour cette raison que la Direction de la toxicologie …

Job Satisfaction Among Nurse Educators Of Private Colleges And Universities, Jacqueline Kay Kuennen

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

It is widely known that a nursing shortage exists in the health care field today. Less well known is the existence of a nurse educator shortage. Most research has been directed toward investigating the nursing shortage in general rather than the nurse educator shortage in particular. Research on job satisfaction among nurse educators has received recent attention and has been regarded as the most urgent and immediate step in ameliorating the nurse educator shortage.

The purpose of this study was to investigate job satisfaction among nurse educators in private colleges and universities in a midwestern state. In addition to investigating …

The Influence Of Pitch And Loudness Changes On The Acoustics Of Vocal Tremor, Christopher Dromey, Paul Warrick, Jonathan Irish

Faculty Publications

The effect of tremor on phonation is to modulate an otherwise steady sound source in its amplitude, fundamental frequency, or both. The severity of untreated vocal tremor has been reported to change under certain conditions that may be related to muscle tension. In order to better understand the phenomenon of vocal tremor, its acoustic properties were examined as individuals volitionally altered their pitch and loudness. These voice conditions were anticipated to alter the tension of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. The voices of 10 individuals with a diagnosis of vocal tremor were recorded before participating in a longitudinal treatment study. They …

Health And Development: Infectious Intestinal Diseases In A Transborder Region (United States-Mexico), Flavia Bianchi

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Intestinal infectious diseases are considered the northern Mexican border’s most obvious challenge facing children. The Mexico-US Border region is a 200-kilometer border zone that extends 100 kilometers on either side of an imaginary borderline and stretches 3,141 kilometers from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. In 2000, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the World Health Organization’s representative for the Americas, published a study of the top causes of mortality between 1995 and 1997 to estimate the absolute burden of mortality in the primary Mexican and American border community, collectively known as the Sister Cities. Using the PAHO …

The Effects Of Food Restriction On Wheel Running In Rats, Vanessa M. Lopak

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The impact of food restriction and refeeding on wheel running was examined in 3 groups of rats: 55 day old male rats in Experiment 1; 140 day old male rats in Experiment 2; and 180 day old female rats in Experiment 3. After a baseline period of 24 to 40 days wheel experience with ad lib food access half of the animals were food restricted for 16 days by being given a limited amount of food daily to reduce (and maintain) their body weight at 85% of their baseline weight. After food restriction the rats were returned to ad lib …

Resolving The Uncertainty Of Preterm Symptoms: Women’S Experiences With The Onset Of Preterm Labor, Marianne E. Weiss, Nancy P. Saks, Susan Harris

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: To describe expectant women's experiences with the onset of preterm labor.

Design: Qualitative, using grounded theory methods.

Setting: Southwestern tertiary women's hospital.

Participants: Thirty pregnant women who were less than 35 weeks gestation, had experienced preterm labor within the past 7 days, and had no previous experience with preterm labor.

Data Source: Taped and transcribed interviews.

Results: Themes that emerged from the interview data included the following: recognition and naming of sensations, a consistent pattern of attribution of symptoms, the threat or risk inferred by the attributed cause of the symptom pattern, the associated certainty or uncertainty about these …

Spiritual Responses To The Regulation Of Birth (A Historical Comparison), Richard J. Fehring, Elizabeth Mcgraw

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Over 30 years ago the founders of the Christian Family Movement (CFM), a worldwide Catholic family action group, conducted a survey to investigate the marital effects of practicing “rhythm.” Their final report indicated that many participants felt that periodic abstinence was harmful to their marriage and caused spiritual and religious distress. The CFM survey results were thought to have been influential in convincing the 1966 Papal Birth Control Commission to recommend a change in church teaching. The purpose of this paper is to report a re-analysis of the 1966 archived data (in the light of the Papal Encyclical Humane Vitae–On …

Rearing The Child Who Is Technology Dependent: Perceptions Of Parents And Home Care Nurses, Maureen O'Brien, Carole B. Wegner

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Most children who are dependent on technology for survival live with their families at home. This study explores the perceptions of parents and home care nurses regarding rearing the technology-dependent child.

DESIGN AND METHODS. In this qualitative study, interviews were conducted with 16 parents whose child is technology dependent and 15 registered nurses who provided home care.

RESULTS. Rearing the child who is technology dependent is similar to but different from raising other children. Parental communication and negotiation of child-rearing expectations with home care nurses is essential.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Improved collaboration and communication between parents and nurses …

Maternal Characteristics And Timeliness Of Initiating Infant Immunizations., Wendy P. Dimicco

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

Practicing What We Preach? A Study Of The Implementation Of Exemplary Midwifery Process In Clinical Education, Ginette Lange

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Codependency: Its Relationship To Alcohol And Family-Of-Origin Dynamics, Barbara Yearing

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Testing The Relationship Between Measures Of Patient Satisfaction And Hospital Accreditation Ratings, Albert John Heuer

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Psychological Impact Of Comprehensive Tumor Genomic Profiling Results For Advances Cancer Patients, Phyllis N. Butow, Megan Best, Grace Davies, Timothy Schlub, Christine Napier, Nicci Bartley, Mandy Ballinger, Ilona Juraskova, Bettina Meiser, David Goldstein, Barbara Biesecker, David Thomas

IES Papers and Journal Articles

Objective

Comprehensive tumor genomic profiling (CTGP) is increasingly used to personalize treatments, providing hope, but potentially disappointment, for patients. We explored psychological outcomes in patients with advanced, incurable cancer, after receiving CTGP results.

Methods

Participants with advanced, incurable cancer (n = 560, mean age 56, 43% university educated) in this longitudinal substudy of the Molecular Screening and Therapeutics Program (MoST), completed questionnaires before and after receiving CGP results. MoST participants, recruited from Australian oncology clinics, undergo CTGP, and if there are actionable findings, are offered treatment in a related therapeutic trial if available.

Results

Patients who received actionable results, (n …

Physician-Related Determinants Of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Caribbean Women In Toronto, Ilene Hyman, Punam Mony Singh, Marta Meana, Usha George, Lilian M. Wells, Donna E. Stewart

Psychology Faculty Research

BACKGROUND: Minority women in Canada are less likely to be screened for cervical cancer than their counterparts in the general population, despite the fact that the proportion of these women who consult a general practitioner about their health each year is similar to minority women. This study examined the physician and practice characteristics associated with Pap testing and perceived barriers to Pap testing of family physicians serving the Caribbean community of Toronto.

METHODS: A mail-back questionnaire was sent to Toronto family physicians practicing in neighborhoods with a high proportion of Caribbean Canadians.

RESULTS: Although 79.7% of the 64 participating physicians …

Nitric Oxide Ii: Therapeutic Uses And Clinical Applications, Ayşe Baysal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Nitric oxide is a biological mediator in human organisms which plays important roles in tissue and organ hemostasis. Recent advances in the therapeutic uses of inhaled nitric oxide in lung diseases and other pathologic states urges the efficient and appropriate use of nitric oxide in hospitals. This study is a literature search based on a keyword search and the abstracts in English in Medline. The therapeutic indications for inhaled nitric oxide and various clinical applications are summarized. Subsequently, adverse effects and toxicity for inhaled nitric oxide and contraindications for its use are discussed.

Nosocomial Fungal Infections In A Teaching Hospital In Turkey: Identification Of The Pathogens And Their Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns, Duygu Findik, İnci̇ Tuncer

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

From January 1999 through April 2000, 208 Candida strains were obtained from hospitalized patients with nosocomial infection. Most of the species were isolated from urine (77.8%) followed by oropharynx (8.2%), blood stream (6.1%), drain (6.1%), peritoneum (0.9%) and cerebrospinal fluid specimens (0.9%). The distribution of the species obtained was Candida albicans (75.4%), C. glabrata (8.2%), C. tropicalis (4.8%), C. kefyr (3.4%), C. parapsilosis (2.5%), C. lusitaniae (1.9%), C. famata (1.4%), C. krusei (1.4%), and C. guilliermondii (1%). The antifungal susceptibility of the isolates to 5-fluorocytosine (5FCU), amphotericin B (AMP), nystatin (NYS), econazole (ECO), miconazole (MIC) and ketoconazole (KET) was tested …

Evaluation Of The Patients With Acute Intoxication, Muhammet Güven, Murat Sungur, Fati̇h Tanriverdi̇, Bülent Eser, Zeynep Kekeç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Objective: We evaluated the patients who were hospitalized for acute intoxications. We report the etiologies of intoxications, mortality rate, and the outcomes of treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: Data is given of patients who were hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Erciyes University Medical Faculty from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1999. The total number of patients followed in the Medical Intensive Care Unit during this period were 3500 and 272 (7.8%) of them were acute intoxications. One hundred and six patients were male (mean age; 31±18 years) and 166 were female (mean age; 24±15 years). Results: Insecticides …

Prenatal Diagnosis Of Thanatophoric Dysplasia In Second Trimester, Hali̇l Aslan, Volkan Ülker, Necla Ülker, Nesli̇han Yerebasmaz, Cemal Ark

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

LAN Volkan ÜLKER Necla ÜLKER Neslihan YEREBASMAZ Cemal ARK Department of Perinatology, SSK Bakırköy Maternity and Children Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey

Maxillary Sinus Aplasia, Murat Baykara, Nuri̇ Erdoğan, Mustafa Öztürk, Mustafa Erkan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

YKARA^1 Nuri ERDOĞAN^1 Mustafa ÖZTÜRK^1 Mustafa ERKAN^2 Departments of ^1Radiology, ^2Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri - Turkey

The Effects Of Fenthion On Lipid Peroxidation And Some Liver Enzymes: The Possible Protective Role Of Vitamins E And C, İrfan Altuntaş, Namik Deli̇baş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The effects of fenthion on the serum activities of cholinesterase (ChE), enzymes concerning liver damage and lipid peroxidation (LPO), and the ameliorating effects of a combination of vitamins E and C against fenthion toxicity were investigated. The results of the in vivo experiment showed that fenthion caused a significant increase in LPO and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and a significant decrease in the activities of ChE and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In addition, treatment with a combination of vitamins E and C led to a significant decrease in LPO and …