Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Female Condom In Zimbabwe: The Interplay Of Research, Advocacy, And Government Action, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

During the past decade, a significant increase in reported cases of HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe prompted the government, local organizations, and international donors to intensify prevention efforts. As part of this response, in November 1996 Zimbabwe’s National AIDS Coordinating Programme invited Population Services International to launch a social marketing program to promote the female condom, making this protective device widely available for the first time in Africa. After an acceptability study showed that Zimbabwean men and women liked using the female condom, leaders of these organizations encouraged public discussion and media attention, which helped pave the way to approval and introduction …

Concreteness, Context-Availability, And Image-Ability Ratings And Word Associations For Abstract, Concrete, And Emotion Words., Jeanette Altaribba, Lisa M. Bauer, Claudia Benvenuto

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Normative values on various word characteristics were obtained for abstract, concrete, and emotion words in order to facilitate research on concreteness effects and on the similarities and differences among the three word types. A sample of 78 participants rated abstract, concrete, and emotion words on concreteness, context availability,and imagery scales, Word associations were also gathered for abstract, concrete, and emotion words. The data were used to investigate similarities and differences among these three word types on word attributes, association strengths, and number of associations. These normative data can be used to further research on concreteness effects, word type effects, and …

Improving The Management Of Stis Among Mch/Fp Clients At The Nakuru Municipal Council Health Clinics, Julie Solo, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, James Kariba Wabaru, Bedan Kiare Kariuki, Gregory Maitha

Reproductive Health

In an effort to address the global crisis of HIV/AIDS and to reduce the spread of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), maternal and child health/family planning (MCH/FP) programs have attempted to integrate the management of STIs into their services. This integration was endorsed at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo. However, as noted in this report, programs have encountered a number of difficulties as they try to effectively manage STIs in an MCH/FP setting. In particular, the effective detection and treatment of STIs has proven difficult among MCH/FP populations. This current study was developed to help …

Vital Signs, Winter 1999, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Vital Signs

A twenty four page newsletter created by the Boonshoft School of Medicine to document the current affairs of the school. This issue includes a variety of feature articles, alumni profiles, class notes, and more.

College Of Osteopathic Medicine Student Handbook, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Clinostomum Marginatum (Yellow Grub) Metacercaris In Black Bass From The Caddo River In West Arkansas, James J. Daly Jr., H. Michael Matthews, Randal J. Keller, James J. Daly

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Seventy-two bass (Micropterus-spp.), mostly smallmouth, were collected from three areas of the Caddo River in west Arkansas and examined for the presence of Clinostomum marginatum metacercariae. Prevalence, mean abundance, and abundance for all fish were 68%, and 4.2 ±6.5, and 30, respectively. Fish from the upstream area near the headwaters were more heavily infested than those from further downstream. A gill/total body larval ratio of seven, was found for bass from another Arkansas stream, was examined as a predictor for total Clinostomum populations instream bass. Using the formula gill parasites X seven divided by N(72), a value of 3.3 was …

Characterisation And Optimisation Of Gypsum Crystallization, Catherine H. Shannon

Theses

Gypsum is produced as a by-product during the citric acid production process at ADM Ringaskiddy. The particle size and filterability of the gypsum has a critical bearing on the overall citric acid production rate. Prior to August 1996, research in the area of gypsum crystal optimisation at ADM had concentrated on the application of vortex mixing to perform the gypsum formation reaction. While the gypsum crystals produced with vortex mixing were found to be desirably clear of microcrystalline gypsum, the crystals were considerably smaller and more difficult to filter and wash. This research project sought to retain the advantages conferred …

Optimisation Studies In A Batch Pharmaceutical Company, Sarah Fitzgerald

Theses

This thesis outlines a collaborative project between industry and academia based on a short term research contract.

In the past in Eli Lilly, process optimisation in a multi-purpose, modular building had been mainly confined to equipment commissioning and new product development. It was necessary to embark upon an exercise to develop an optimisation programme m order to meet the increased requirements and demands of the building. Increased market demands, through the introduction of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and the demand for cycle time reduction through the expiry of existing patents, made the need for optimisation inevitable.

The purpose of this thesis …

The Atomic Force Microscope In The Elucidation Of Leukocyte Abnormality, Derbrenn O'Connor

Theses

The aim of this project was to investigate the novel use of the atomic force microscope (AFM) as a technique in the elucidation of leukocyte abnormality. To this end, comparative AFM imaging and elasticity studies were performed on normal and myeloid leukaemic leukocytes.

Initially, an evaluation of techniques for the isolation of specific leukocyte (e.g. lymphocytes, granulocytes, etc.) populations from whole blood or leukocyte concentrates, was carried out. It was found that a silanised glass surface failed to select and immobilise a leukocyte population. However, centrifugation of whole blood in an Isopaque-ficoll gradient solution yielded a viable mixed leukocyte population …

Pumping Dietary Iron: Implications For Aerobic Endurance Exercise, Melvin H. Williams

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

(First paragraph) In an earlier issue of ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal (Sept/Oct, 988), Barry A. Franklin, Ph. D., FACSM, president of ACSM, authored an article called," Pumping Iron: Rationale, Benefits, Safety, and Prescription" where he presented evidence supporting the health benefits of resistance training an anaerobic type of exercise training. As we all know, aerobic endurance exercise training also conveys multiple health benefits.

Construction Of A Best Practices Instrument, Bridgette Anne Browning

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Brief Questionnaire In The Diagnosis Of Attention Deficit. [Uso De Un Cuestionario Breve Para El Diagnóstico De Deficiencia Atencional], David Pineda, Gloria C. Henao, I. C. Puerta, Silvia Mejia-Arango, Luisa F. Gomez, M. L. Miranda, Monica Rosselli, Alfredo Ardila, M. A. Restrepo, L. Murrelle

School of Medicine Publications

Introducción: Aunque la Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría ha definido los síntomas que conforman las dimensiones de la deficiencia de atención (DDA), no existe en español un instrumento cuantitativo para evaluar estos síntomas en los sujetos de la población general.

Objetivo: Determinar si una lista de síntomas para la DDA define las tres dimensiones de los síntomas de la DDA en una muestra representativa de una población escolar colombiana.

Pacientes y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una selección estratificada, probabilística y representativa de los niños y adolescentes (4 a 17 años) escolarizados de la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia. El censo del …

Can Large Dsdna-Containing Viruses Provide Information About The Minimal Genome Size Required To Support Life?, James L. Van Etten

James Van Etten Publications

The genomes of a few viruses, such as Bacillus megaterium phage G (670 kb) and the chlorella viruses (330 to 380 kb), are larger than the predicted minimal genome size required to support life (ca. 320 kb). A comparison of the 256 proteins predicted to be required for life with the putative 376 proteins encoded by chlorella virus PBCV-1, as well as those encoded by other large viruses, indicates that viruses lack many of these “essential” genes. Consequently, it is unlikely that viruses will aid in determining the minimal number and types of genes required for life. However, viruses may …

Native Outreach: A Report To American Indian, Alaska Native And Native Hawaiian Communities, C.S. Glover, F.S. Hodge

Native Health Database Full Text

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is presenting a monograph written specifically for community leaders, health professionals and lay health workers serving Native American communities. Native Americans have higher mortality rates than the general U.S. population for several major cancer sites. This publication focuses on the need to reduce those rates through effective interventions at the grassroots level.

American Indians And Crime, Bureau Of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department Of Justice, L.A. Greenfeld, S. Smith

Native Health Database Full Text

This report represents a compilation and new analysis of data on the effects and consequences of violent crime among American Indians. The report uses data from a wide variety of sources, including statistical series maintained by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), the FBI, and the Bureau of the Census. Data are reported from American Indian crime victims on how they were affected by the victimization and about who victimized them. The report also includes the first BJS estimates of the total number of American Indians under the custody or supervision of the justice system.

Alaska Native Cancer Survival Report, A.P. Lanier, P. Holck, J. Kelly, B. Smith, T. Mcevoy

Native Health Database Full Text

This report presents Alaska Native cancer survival rates and stage of disease at diagnosis. Data on survival and stage at diagnosis are given for all cancers combined, and for select primary cancer sites (the organ in which the cancer first began). Survival rates are given for only those cancers for which there were enough patients to calculate reliable estimates. The focus is on five-year relative survival rates because these rates are most commonly used in the cancer literature and most appropriate for comparisons between populations.

Editorial: Mental Health Needs Assessments Performed By Four Urban American Indian Organizations, D.K. Novins

Native Health Database Full Text

In 1991, the Indian Health Service funded a nationwide initiative with the goal of determining the need for culturally appropriate mental health services among American Indian people residing in urban areas. In the author's opinion, the assessment method used in this initiative is a valuable, fresh approach that is a significant change from flawed attempts to make these assessments in the past.

Farm Tractor Safety In Kentucky, 1995, Steven R. Browning, Susan C. Westneat, Helena Truszczynska, Deborah Reed, Robert Mcknight

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objective: Tractor rollovers are a major cause of farm injuries and fatalities. The authors used data from a statewide surveillance study to estimate the prevalence of safety features such as rollover protective structures, seat belts, and power take-off shields on farm tractors in Kentucky.

Methods: Using data from the Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance Project, the authors report on the prevalence of farm tractor safety features by size of farm, by region of the state, by number of tractors per farm, and by tractor age and estimate the prevalence of tractors equipped with rollover protection by region and for …

Tuberculosis And The Genetic Basis Of Antibiotic Resistance In Mycobacterium, Marla Dewitt

Presidential Scholars Theses (1990 – 2006)

In a recent study of tuberculosis cases in Texas it was found that while the incidence of tuberculosis is fairly low (compared to developing countries), of the cases reported, almost 10% were resistant to at least one of the four first line drugs (Taylor, 1999). When tuberculosis is diagnosed in a patient, especially one who may have contracted an antibiotic resistant strain, discovery of the type and extent of the resistance is imperative to a successful treatment regimen. For years, BACTEC (a broth dilution method, where a microbe is incubated in serial dilutions of an antibiotic to see what is …

Nsu M.S. Degree Program With A Specialization In Substance Counseling And Education Catalog 1999–2001, Nova Southeastern University

Abraham S. Fischler College of Education and School of Criminal Justice College Archive

No abstract provided.

Needle Localization For Breast Biopsy: The Patient's Experience, Marian De Walt Morgan

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The needle localization procedure for breast biopsy (NLP) can be painful and distressing for some women. This study was carried out to learn what factors might increase or decrease NLP pain and distress, and to gain insight into possible interventions to make the procedure more comfortable for all patients. One hundred and thirty-eight women were surveyed following breast needle localization at two central Virginia hospitals. The influence of eight variables (lidocaine, self-regulation, anxiety, worry about breast cancer, breast tenderness, finding mammography painful, difficulty with surgery, and distress of blood drawing) on four outcome variables (pain incidence, pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, …

Classification Of Participants Into Two Health Resource Utilization Groups By The Health Enrollment Assessment Review (Hear) Survey, Jody W. Donehoo

Health Services Research Dissertations

The study examined the ability of the Health Enrollment Assessment Review (HEAR) survey instrument to classify participants into one of two groups according to utilization of health resources anticipated in the following year. Developed by the U.S. Air Force, the HEAR survey is used worldwide by the Department of Defense for enrollees in TRICARE Prime, the military's adaptation of the HMO model of managed care. Individual HEAR reports are prepared for survey participants and their primary care providers in TRICARE Prime. Although it is currently administered worldwide to a majority of the 8.4 million health care beneficiaries of the Department …

Benchmarking Financial Operations Using The Premier Operations Outlook Database, Margaret M. Thompson

Community & Environmental Health Theses & Dissertations

Acute-care hospitals have come under increased pressure to reduce costs while increasing the quality of providing care. Historically, increasing costs of providing care has had the greatest impact on the reduction of operating margins necessary to expand capital and for repayment of debt. Facilities can benchmark internal historical data to identify areas where costs have increased and are able to explain the factors that contribute to the increases. One of the challenges facing hospitals in their efforts to reduce operating costs is how, what, and where, do they obtain comparative data to benchmark the cost of operating medical facility to …

Effects Of Dietary Supplementation With Organic Acids And Zinc Bacitracinon Ileal Microflora, Ph And Performance In Broilers, Müjdat Alp, Neşe Kocabağli, Recep Kahraman, Kami̇l Bostan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of an organic acid combination (Acid Lac Dry: lactic, fumaric, propionic, citric and formic acid) and/or zinc bacitracin on the body weight gain, feed efficiency, microflora and pH in the ileum content of broiler-type chicks. Ross PM3 broiler chicks were placed in an experimental design that consisted of four dietary treatments with 48 broilers in each group. One-day-old chicks were fed either a control diet or a similar diet supplemented with 3 g/kg Acid Lac Dry, 0.1 g/kg zinc bacitracin or both additives in combination during a 42-d feeding trial. Acid Lac …

A Study On Rearing Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) In The Net Cages In Almus Dam Lake, Mehmet Karataş, A. İhsan Toğlaci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the growth parameters of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynhcus mykiss) in net cages in Almus Dam Lake. The experiment continued for a period of 105 days between May 1 and August 15 1996. During the experiment 6480 rainbow trout with an average weight of 50 g were used. Experimental groups of 50 g mean initial body weight reached 279 g mean final weight by the end of the experiment.

Perceptions Of The Effects Of Vocal Hygiene Training On College Professors, Kimberly D. Wait

Masters Theses

This study investigated the efficacy of vocal hygiene training by studying changes in the self- and listener-rated vocal characteristics of college professors before and after vocal hygiene training. Eight college professors served as experimental subjects and received three half-hour sessions of vocal hygiene training. Nine college professors served as control subjects and received no vocal hygiene training. Subgroups of professors with self-reported vocal difficulties were further identified within each group. An original vocal characteristic scale based on the literature was used to measure self-rated vocal characteristics. Results indicated no significant difference in self-rated voice characteristics between subjects who received vocal …

Perceived Social Support And Exercise Compliance Of Phase Iii Patients In Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs, Rana M. Smith

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in the level of perceived social support from family, friends, and program staff in Phase III patients who comply and patients who do not comply to cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Staff of 22 cardiac rehabilitation programs in ten different states, distributed 10 surveys to compliers and 10 surveys to non-compliers. A three-part questionnaire was designed to gather information regarding demographics, perceived staff social support and perceived family social support. Independent t-tests were used to determine if there were differences in perceived social support between compliers and non-compliers.

Of …

Struggle, Aspiration, And Obsession: The Discourse Of Diet, Emily K. L. Jahn

Masters Theses

Research has shown that members of society are generally dissatisfied with their current weight. This study examines how individuals socially construct meanings of the word diet and the dieting process. Participants (n=443) were males and females who ranged in age from 7 to 68. Each were given a diet questionnaire to complete. The older groups were given the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scale in addition to the survey. The text for analysis was obtained by the surveys and four focus groups. The resulting data indicated that both males and females perceive the word diet means "to lose weight." …

Effectiveness Of The "Baby Think It Over" Program On Adolescents' Contraceptive And Child-Rearing Attitudes, Stephanie Ann Johnson

Masters Theses

An increasing number of high schools in the United States have begun to use the "Baby Think It Over" doll as part of their curriculum in certain classes. This study examined the effectiveness of this doll on influencing 46 male and female adolescents' attitudes and behaviors regarding pregnancy, sexual activity, and contraceptives. Five specific subscales were developed to measure the teens' contraceptive attitudes and behaviors before and after using the doll regarding their feelings about becoming pregnant, understanding/comprehension of the responsibilities of child-rearing, appreciation of the impact of child-bearing on their lives/future, and attitudes toward premarital sex. Also, a qualitative …

Identifying Self Serving Cognitive Patterns In Behavior Disordered Adolescents Using The How I Think Questionnaire, Lynn M. Veach

Masters Theses

The etiology of behavior disorders in adolescents has previously been attributed to such factors as temperament, genetics, social learning, and irrational thoughts described as self debasing cognitions observed in cognitive behavior research. Working with adult criminals, Yochelson and Somenow (1976) found that none of the prevailing theories were conclusive. They unveiled a second set of irrational cognitions which appeared in adolescents and were self serving in nature. Drs. Gibbs and Barriga (1996), working from the position that this observed set of cognitive distortions were present in behavior disordered adolescents, developed the How I Think Questionnaire (HIT). This study used the …