Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Meet The Stimulus Team, The Stimulus Team

Stimulus: A Medical Humanities Journal

No abstract provided.

Using Humor In Healthcare: Is It A Risk Worth Taking?, Ava Trinh

Stimulus: A Medical Humanities Journal

No abstract provided.

Full Issue, The Stimulus Team

Stimulus: A Medical Humanities Journal

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Chair Of The Department Of Philosophy And Humanities, Kenneth Williford

Stimulus: A Medical Humanities Journal

No abstract provided.

Counseling In Virtual Spaces And Into The Metaverse: A Framework For Reflection, Conversation, And Future Scholarship, Staci Hayes, Yahyahan Aras, Kathy Caputo, James Hoag, Lindsay Ibos, Sania Khan, Kelly Smith

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Given the success of Virtual Reality (VR) in the gaming community and strides in mental health, both VR and the Metaverse provide limitless opportunities and possibilities in the field of counseling. This article aims to provide important definitions, an overview of the use of VR in clinical counseling, clinical supervision, counselor education and its potential emergence into the Metaverse. Implications are presented in hopes of prompting conversation on how we may accept technological and cultural shifts and remain true to our counseling roots. Specifically, how to maximize the potential benefits with counseling specific rationale and address the limitations and potential …

A Qualitative Evaluation Of Exercise Habits And Stress Management Strategies Among Exercise Physiology Freshmen, Lori A. Sherlock, E J. Ryan, Miriam E. Leary

Educational Practices in Kinesiology

Transitional phases of life (i.e., the passage from high school to college) can promote heightened stress levels resulting in physical and mental challenges. College students are at an elevated risk for common mental health disorders with 20-45% of all college students being impacted within a given year. This may be, in part, due to their exposure to a multitude of new stressors related to academics, social challenges, personal concerns, and economic issues. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to examine exercise habits and stress management strategies among incoming freshmen in an exercise physiology program. The overall goal of …

A Symphony Of Struggle: The Tender Connection Between Bad Health And Poverty, Jashkumar Choudhari

be Still

In the journey of crafting this essay, I sought to explore the profound connection between bad health and poverty, recognizing how these two facets of human existence intricately interlace, influencing and shaping one another in ways both profound and far-reaching. The process of delving into this theme was like unraveling a multi-layered tapestry, each thread revealing a new perspective on the unbreakable bond that exists between these seemingly distinct aspects of life.

Through the creative process, I aimed to capture the emotional resonance of this theme, evoking a sense of empathy and understanding in the reader. The imagery of haunting …

Evaluation Of The Influence Of Training In An Immersive Virtual Reality Environment On Sports Skills In Table Tennis, Martin Škopek, Josef Heidler, Štefan Balkó, Lenka Vojtíková, Radka Ulrichová

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: This study explores the possibilities of leveraging immersive virtual reality (VR) training for the improvement of table tennis skills. The primary objective was to assess the in-fluence of VR intervention on the development of table tennis skills. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight participants, whose mean age was 17.37 ± 0.84 years and who lacked previous table tennis experience, were divided into experimental (n = 21) and control (n = 17) groups. The experimental group engaged in six sessions of VR training aimed at enhancing table tennis skills, and their performance was evaluated using a comprehensive test battery. In contrast, the …

Pleural Effusions In Patients Diagnosed With Pneumonia In Urgent Care Clinics, Nathan C. Dean, Jacqueline R. Eve, Allison M. Butler, James H. Hart, Theadora Sakata, Karen E. Connor, Edward A. Stenehjem, Y.C.G. Lee

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Pleural effusions in patients with community-acquired pneumonia have been associated with worse outcomes in emergency department and hospital inpatient populations, but the incidence of effusions and their outcomes in outpatient urgent care clinics is unknown. This observational cohort study describes patients diagnosed with pneumonia and pleural effusions on upright 2-view chest X-rays performed in urgent care clinics.

Methods: We extracted electronic health record data from January 2019 through December 2020 on all patients over 12 years old with an International Statistical Classification of Diseases 10^th revision diagnosis of pneumonia entered by the treating clinician, plus “possible” or “likely” …

Presynchronization In Sheep Ensures Synchronization Of Next Estrus And Improves Fertility, Bülent Bülbül, Mehmet Köse, Mesut Kırbaş, Kenan Çoyan, Mehmet B. Ataman, Emine A. Bekçi, Seyit Ümütlü, Uğur Demirci, Bumin E. Teke

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In this study, fertility was evaluated either in the first hormonally synchronized or in the subsequent natural estrus among 202 sheep during the breeding season. Intramuscular (im) PGF2α was administered 11 days apart in both the PG (n=50) and Pre-PG (n=50) groups, while im PGF2α was given at the removal of an intravaginal progesterone sponge (after 11 days) in the Sponge (n=51) and Pre-Sponge (n=51) groups. Estrus was monitored following the last hormonal application (day 0) in all groups and starting from day 16 in the Pre-PG and Pre-Sponge groups for 5 days. Ewes were mated during the first hormonally …

Development Of A Silicone-Based Goat Uterine Model For Artificial Insemination Training, Sakdichod Kimsakulvech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A goat uterine model for artificial insemination (AI) training has not been created previously. The eight goat uteri were collected from the slaughterhouse and measured to serve as a prototype size for the model. A goat uterine model was developed based on silicone material. This study compared the suitability of silicone between 20,000 and 30,000 centipoise viscosity and the cervical opening between the circular and linear types for this model. These were made up of four models with alternating differences between viscosity and cervical openings. Twenty AI officers evaluated the satisfaction score of the internal and external appearance of the …

Exploring Breed-Related Patterns And Diagnostic Factors In Canine Hypothyroidism: Unveiling Novel Paradigms, Narinthip Buckland, Chalermpol Lekcharoensuk, Monchanok Vijarnsorn, Smith Pongcharoenwanit, Natpreeya Premjaroen, Thanachote Tangporntawee, Narudee Kashemsant

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Canine primary hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrinopathy diseases in dogs affecting various body systems. In veterinary practice, the measurement of total thyroxine together with canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was suggested to have high accuracy for diagnosing this disease. However, the changes in these recommended diagnostic parameters can be distinguished only in a hypothyroid dog with progressive deterioration or later in the disease. This study investigated the relevant predicting factors of canine primary hypothyroidism from animal characteristics and blood chemistry. Among the 672 dogs that met the inclusion criteria, 77 dogs had hypothyroidism and 179 had non-hypothyroidism. Age …

Bioinformatics Analysis And Comparison Of The S Protein Of Canine Coronavirus And Feline Coronavirus, Bo Dong, Xiaowei Zhong, Jiaqi Zhuo, Renyi Hu, Xiaodong Zhang, Xiaolian Xu, Haiyan Deng, Xiaofang Yan, Weiming Lin

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The Coronavirus S protein induces neutralizing antibodies, specific receptor binding, and membrane fusion between the virus and host cells. These changes are crucial to understanding the mechanism, genetic correlates, and prophylactic treatment of viral infection. In this study, the spike (S) protein structure and phylogenetic association of CCoV and FcoV were analyzed using bioinformatics. The results showed that the S proteins of CCoV and FCoV contained transmembrane regions and signal peptides. The S proteins of these coronaviruses were soluble. The S proteins of these strains also contained two functional domains and two motifs, i.e., corona_S1 and corona_S2. Phylogenetic analysis showed …

Comparison Between Surgical And Non-Surgical Treatments Of Concomitant Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture And Medial Patellar Luxation In Small-Breed Dogs, Ekkapol Akaraphutiporn, Chalika Wangdee, Irin Kwananocha

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) and medial patellar luxation (MPL) are common problems that cause hindlimb dysfunction, lameness and pain in dogs. Although surgical intervention is recommended for these conditions, it may not be suitable for an individual with some underlying diseases. The objective of the present study was to compare the outcomes between surgical and non-surgical treatments for concomitant CrCLR and MPL in small-breed dogs. Seven stifles from five small-breed dogs with concomitant CrCLR and MPL were enrolled and divided into two groups. Four limbs (three dogs) in Group 1 were treated conservatively, and three limbs (two dogs) in …

Development Of A Preliminary Clinical Approach For Detecting Insulin Resistance For Normoglycemic Control In Canine Diabetes, Chutirat Torsahakul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Consistent and effective blood glucose (BG) control is crucial in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance (IR). In this study, the surrogate indices for monitoring insulin sensitivity and the preliminary clinical approach for detecting IR were established. Fasting serum C-peptide was measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and utilized as an endogenous insulin representation. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was then calculated. To detect the IR, the relationship between HOMA-IR and fasting serum C-peptide in each individual subject was analyzed, and designed cut-off values. The results revealed that the HOMA-IR of …

Blast And Bursts: Unveiling Splenic Rupture In Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasia, Abdulahi Hassan, Matthew Simpson, Rahim Jiwani, Abigail Arrigo, Palgun Nisarga, Olukemi A. Esan, Anna Koget

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic cancer, accounting for less than 1% of acute leukemias in the U.S. Diagnosis involves detecting markers like CD123, CD4, CD56, TCL1, and TCF4. Treatment typically involved acute leukemia therapies, but Tagraxofusp, a targeted therapy, was recently approved. Despite advancements, prognosis remains grim, with a median survival of around 1 year. Atraumatic splenic rupture (ASR) is a rare complication of this condition, with only five cases reported from 1994 to 2018. Here we present a case of BPDCN complicated by ASR. This case emphasizes the challenges of diagnosing and treating BPDCN, …

Viscous Vengeance: A Case Report Of Hyperviscosity Syndrome In Iga Lambda Multiple Myeloma, Afoma Onyechi, Jessica Ohemeng-Dapaah, Ayesha Kang, Alexandre Lacasse, Ranju Kunwor

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a relatively uncommon neoplastic proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. Common manifestations are related to infiltration of plasma cells into bones and other organs, causing an increased total serum protein concentration, hypercalcemia, kidney injury, and anemia. The most common type of MM is IgG Kappa, and the second most common type is the IgA subtype. Hyperviscosity (HVS) is a rare presentation of MM and management includes prompt plasmapheresis, resulting in significant reduction of serum viscosity and symptomatic relief. We present a case of IgA Lambda MM presenting with HVS.

An Unusual Case Of Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy In A Patient With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Tina H. Dao, Kinza Khan, Christopher D. Jackson

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy (MIE) is a rare toxic encephalopathy. We describe a reversible MIE case in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), treated with metronidazole for brain abscess, who developed dizziness, weakness, dysarthria, and severe dysmetria. His Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain revealed bilateral, symmetric lesions in bilateral symmetrical regions of increased intensity in the medullary olives, cerebellar dentate nuclei, and the dorsal pons, all characteristic of MIE. Upon metronidazole discontinuation, the patient experienced significant symptom improvement, with subsequent MRI showing resolution of the lesions

Characterization Of Markers In Blood Tests Of Patients With Pleural Effusion And Their Correlation To Different Etiologies, Raymond Farah, Keren Sidar-Orlin, Adi Sharabi-Nov

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Background: To investigate the etiology of pleural effusion, a variety of examinations are performed, including invasive ones: Thoracentesis is an invasive procedure to remove fluid or air from the pleural cavity for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Until now, there are no blood markers that can help us diagnose the type of pleural effusion without the need for pleural puncture or drainage.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship and the utility of the new inflammatory markers taken from complete blood count (CBC) to differentiate between the various types of pleural effusion before the invasive procedure decision. …

Game Changer Or More Of The Same? A Comparative Meta-Analysis Of Rezafungin And Caspofungin In Treating Candidemia And Invasive Candidiasis, Zouina Sarfraz, Zeeshan Nasir, Faheem Javad, Aden Khan, Bushra Shah, Musfira Khalid, Azza Sarfraz, Muzna Sarfraz, Amna Minhas, Suchal Atta Gondal

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

This meta-analysis assesses the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antifungal, rezafungin, for treating candidemia and invasive candidiasis— both are significant health concerns with limited treatment options. Two randomized controlled trials comparing rezafungin to caspofungin were meta-analyzed, revealing no significant differences in global cure rates and 30-day all-cause mortality. While rezafungin's unique attributes, like a novel mechanism and once-weekly dosing, may enhance patient adherence, concerns arise about its clinical relevance given the substantial investment. The study emphasizes the need for ongoing research, post-marketing surveillance, and real-world data to determine rezafungin's true value in managing these life-threatening fungal infections. Despite FDA …

สถานการณ์โรคไม่ติดต่อ และปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับการใช้บริการรักษาพยาบาลในกลุ่มประชากรไทยอายุตั้งแต่ 45 ปี ที่เป็นโรคไม่ติดต่อ: ข้อค้นพบจากโครงการสำรวจด้านสุขภาพ การสูงอายุ และการเกษียณในประเทศไทย 2564 (Health, Aging, And Retirement In Thailand 2021: Hart 2021), Arnat Wannasri

Journal of Demography

บทคัดย่อ

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อการศึกษาสถานการณ์โรคไม่ติดต่อและปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับการใช้บริการรักษาพยาบาลแบบผู้ป่วยนอกและผู้ป่วยใน ในประชากรไทยอายุตั้งแต่ 45 ปีขึ้นไป โดยการใช้ข้อมูลจากโครงการสำรวจด้านสุขภาพ การสูงอายุ และการเกษียณในประเทศไทย (Health, Aging, and Retirement in Thailand: HART) รอบที่ 3 ปี พ.ศ. 2564 เป็นการวิจัยเชิงวิเคราะห์แบบภาคตัดขวาง (cross-sectional analytical study) ผลการวิจัยพบว่า ปัจจัยด้านอายุ เพศ สถานภาพสมรส การศึกษา การสูบบุหรี่ สถานะสุขภาพกาย สถานะสุขภาพจิต ภูมิภาค และสิทธิหลักประกันสุขภาพ สัมพันธ์กับการเจ็บป่วยด้วยโรคไม่ติดต่อ ยกเว้นการออกกำลังกาย สำหรับการใช้บริการรักษาพยาบาล พบว่า ผู้ที่ป่วยด้วยโรคไม่ติดต่อตั้งแต่ 2 โรคขึ้นไป มีโอกาสในการใช้บริการรักษาพยาบาล จำนวนครั้ง (กรณีผู้ป่วยนอกและผู้ป่วยใน) และจำนวนวันนอนรักษาในโรงพยาบาล (กรณีผู้ป่วยใน) สูงกว่าผู้ที่ป่วยด้วยโรคไม่ติดต่อเพียง 1 โรค ปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับการใช้บริการรักษาพยาบาลผู้ป่วยนอก ได้แก่ ปัจจัยด้านการออกกำลังกาย สถานะสุขภาพจิต และภูมิภาค ในขณะที่บริการรักษาพยาบาลผู้ใน พบว่า การเจ็บป่วยด้วยโรคไม่ติดต่อตั้งแต่ 2 โรคขึ้นไป อายุ และสถานะสุขภาพกาย สัมพันธ์กับการใช้บริการรักษาพยาบาลผู้ป่วยใน นอกจากนี้แล้ว การวิจัยนี้ไม่พบว่า สิทธิหลักประกันสุขภาพที่แตกต่างกันสัมพันธ์กับการใช้บริการรักษาพยาบาลทั้งผู้ป่วยนอกและผู้ป่วยในที่แตกต่างกัน ข้อค้นพบจากการวิจัยนี้สามารถนำไปใช้ประโยชน์ในการกำหนดนโยบายสาธารณสุขด้านโรคไม่ติดต่อและเพื่อพัฒนาระบบสาธารณสุขของประเทศไทยต่อไปได้

Abstract

This research aimed to study the situation on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and the factors associated with outpatient and inpatient care utilization among the Thai population aged 45 and older using the Health, Aging, …

Pro-Vaccine And Anti-Vaccine Groups. Social Distance And Self-Assessment Of Scientific Skills, Sandrine Gaymard

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

The social distance scale developed by Bogardus decades ago, which allows us to measure levels of acceptance among members of diverse social, ethnic, or racial groups, has been widely used in different contexts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the social distance accepted by pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine groups. Following the principle of the Bogardus scale, a questionnaire was created regarding different degrees of closeness. Respondents also completed a scientific skills self-assessment. The population consisted of 193 people who declared themselves in favor of vaccination and 41 people who declared themselves against it. Statistical tests show significant differences regarding …

Synergistic Inhibition Of Hiv-1 Regulatory Function Using A Dual Expression Shrna Plasmid, Christine Sanderson, William H. Jackson

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

HIV infection of CD4⁺ T Helper lymphocytes results in a gradual loss of immune competence, which ultimately leads to development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 expresses two regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev, which act to upregulate viral transcription and facilitate mRNA transport enhancing the rate of translation. Inhibition of Tat and Rev have been shown to block virus replication. Therefore, Tat and Rev represent critical key points in the virus replication cycle. This study investigated the potential of RNA interference (RNAi) to inhibit these proteins using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). For this, plasmids expressing shRNAs targeting …

Fluctuations In Lactobacillus And Coliforms Population In Faeces Of Piglets And Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated From Stool Samples Of Piglets, Lan Tran Thi Quynh, Giang Hoang Thanh

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of study was to assess the intestinal health status of the weaning piglets by analyzing the Lactobacillus: coliforms ratio (L/C ratio), the number of E. coli. as the pathogenic indicator, and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolates. A total of 180 weaned piglets (weaning at 25d of age) of two trials were allotted to 3 treatments (n = 90, 30 piglets/treatment): control (CON, = Basal diet (BD); treatment 1 (T1 = BD + Super-Biotic) and treatment 2 (T2= BD + Bergazyme P®). The total Lactobacillus, coliforms, and E. coli were counted from fecal samples …

Progestin-Based Non-Surgical Contraception In Dogs And Cats: A National Survey Of Practices Among Thai Veterinarians, Shanaporn Leelakajornkit, Piyaporn Kamdee, Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the current use of progestins as contraceptives in dogs and cats and to evaluate veterinarians' awareness of related complications across Thailand. A total of 724 veterinarians participated, predominantly female (66.3%) and aged 31-40 years (49.6%), with most working in Bangkok and its metropolitan area (52.6%) and having 6-15 years of experience in small animal practice (46.4%). Approximately 6.8% of respondents (49/724) reported using injectable progestins, mainly in female dogs (87.8%) and cats (83.7%), but also in male dogs (18.4%) and cats (14.3%). Veterinarians using progestins were mostly male (59.2%), with an average age of …

Effect Of Modified Smart Extender On Sperm Longevity And Frozen-Thawed Semen Quality In Bantam Chicken (Gallus Gallus), Nattaporn Chaysakul, Naruephon Leeamnuaycharoen, Marvin Bryan Salinas, Teepakorn Lertwichaikul, Chakorn Kunkaew, Jureerat Sumretprasong, Anucha Sathanawongs

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The round body shape and short legs of Bantam chickens (Gallus gallus) pose breeding challenges, making artificial insemination critical for these animals. To contribute to such assisted reproductive technology in avians, this study assessed the effect of a modified simple medium for assisted reproductive technology (SMART) extender on sperm longevity and frozen-thawed semen quality compared to the Blumberger Hahnen Sperma Verdünner (BHSV) extender. Sperm motility and viability were measured in 20 roosters at fresh and chilled conditions at 4-, 24-, and 48-hour intervals. For the subsequent freezing step, 6% and 9% DMA were added to both extenders as …

Morphological And Morphometric Variations Of The Tympanic Bulla Between Domestic Shorthair And Brachycephalic Cats Utilizing Computed Tomography, Naparee Srisowanna, Damri Darawiroj, Nan Choisunirachon, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat, Sirinun Pisamai Tabtieang

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Tympanic morphology of the dogs was reported to be varied due to the characteristics of the skull types. The small tympanic bulla is normally seen in brachycephalic dogs. However, this variation in narrowed-skull shaped cats has not been unveiled yet. The objective of this study was to describe the tympanic morphology of cats between brachycephalic and domestic shorthair (DSH) cats. Computer tomography (CT)-skull images of 15 domestic shorthair cats and 11 brachycephalic cats were evaluated for tympanic dimension on transverse and dorsal planes and the tympanic bone thickness. All parameters were compared between both groups. The results revealed that all …

Research Progress On The Structure And Function Of The Main Glycoproteins Of Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis Virus, Xin Zhang, Ruizhen Jian, Weijuan Jia, Yunjiao Chen, Qinglei Meng, Fang Yang, Jianjian Han, Zhilin Liu, Zelin Jia, Jiayu Cui, Xueli Wang

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an acute, febrile, and contact infectious disease. Bovine infectious rhinotracheitis is endemic in China and even the world, which not only restricts the development of the cattle industry but also brings significant economic losses to farms. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) contains 25 - 33 structural proteins, of which glycoproteins gB, gC, gD, gE, gG, gH, gI, gK, gL, and gM are the major structural glycoproteins of bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and all of these glycoproteins are interconnected with the assembly, invasion, release, and replication of the virus, and the only glycoproteins that are known …

A Systematic Literature Review Of Granulocytes-Colony Stimulating Factor Treatment In Animals, Syahirah Ahmad Affandi, Nurul Hayah Khairuddin, Mohammed Sadiq Babatunde, Azalea Hani Othman, Collin Looi Seng Kim, Siti Sarah Othman, Sharifah Roohi Syed Waseem Ahmad

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on the efficacy of granulocytes-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a treatment component in relation to clinicopathological parameters and overall outcomes. Using the PICO approach, a research question development tool, the SLR was designed to identify the animals in which G-CSF had been used, the types of G-CSF utilized and their effectiveness as a therapeutic agent in stimulating haematological parameters, as well as their potential adverse effects. Three primary keywords associated with the review topic were selected and incorporated into the search query to retrieve pertinent literature from three databases: Scopus, Science Direct, …

Challenges And Barriers Faced By Healthcare Workers In Implementing Strategies To Reduce Teenage Pregnancy In Iligan City, Elise Janella A. Denila, Jydel Anne P. Dalangin, Wynne Nicole P. Englatiera, Dave William E. Almonia, Ian C. Abordo, Donna Belle P. Sumugat Rn, Man, Raymond M. Salvador

Pacific Journal of Health

Aims: To investigate nursing strategies and their perceived barriers in reducing teenage pregnancy among barangays in Iligan City with high incidence of teenage pregnancy.

Study Design: This study uses qualitative, exploratory research design. This design is ideal for delving into complex issues and understanding phenomena in their real-world context.

Place and Duration of the Study: Iligan City Philippines, between September 2023 and May 2024

Methods: This study includes 6 healthcare workers experienced in handling teenage pregnancy and 25 teenagers who have experienced it. Participants were selected using purposive sampling to ensure they had relevant experiences. Data was collected through face-to-face, …