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Articles 3511 - 3540 of 4193
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Syntactic Complexity In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Katherine A. King
Syntactic Complexity In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Katherine A. King
Theses and Dissertations
Several studies using standardized tests have provided evidence for the presence of language disorders in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and have suggested that persons with MS may have language that is less complex. One aspect not thoroughly studied is that of syntactic complexity in naturalistic, conversational settings. The present study collected language samples from 10 adults with MS and 10 age-matched controls and compared scores on five quantitative measures derived from those samples. No significant differences were found between groups on any measure. This finding suggests that in mild cases of MS or during periods of remission, individuals may …
The Variability In Children With Specific Language Impairment Compared To Children With Typical Language Development, Heather Michelle Wilde
The Variability In Children With Specific Language Impairment Compared To Children With Typical Language Development, Heather Michelle Wilde
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with specific language impairment (SLI) are more or less variable than children with typically developing language. In addition, the within child variability for children with SLI was analyzed to consider how heterogeneity influenced identification of areas of linguistic strengths and weaknesses in this population. Fifty seven children with SLI, 7:0–11:0, and fifty seven of their peers with typically developing language were assessed using five subtests and a composite language score from the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL) (Carrow-Woolfolk, 1999). The children with typically developing language were significantly more variable …
Triptolide Is A Potential Therapeutic Agent For Alzheimer’S Disease, Matthew Allsbrook
Triptolide Is A Potential Therapeutic Agent For Alzheimer’S Disease, Matthew Allsbrook
Theses and Dissertations
Mounting evidence indicates an involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. While there are other mechanisms involved, it is this role of inflammatory processes that we wish to investigate. Triptolide is the major constituent in the Chinese herb, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, and has been used for centuries as part of Chinese herbal medicine. The four ringed structure has close homology to drugs of the steroid class and it has been shown to be beneficial as an anti-inflammatory for rheumatoid arthritis and for treatment of certain cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic …
Th2 Specific Immunity And Function Of Peripheral T-Cells Is Regulated By The P56lck Sh3 Domain, Margaret Mccoy
Th2 Specific Immunity And Function Of Peripheral T-Cells Is Regulated By The P56lck Sh3 Domain, Margaret Mccoy
Theses and Dissertations
Proper T-cell activation and effector function are essential for effective immunity. T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signals are known to regulate the outcome of differentiation, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Recent work from our lab demonstrates that the Src family protein tyrosine kinase, p56Lck, is able to specifically link TCR signals to activation of the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway through the function of its SH3 domain. The MAPK pathway is known to be involved in T-cell activation downstream of TCR ligation and has previously been implicated in T-helper type 2 (Th2) effector function. We have utilized an Lck SH3 …
Heritability Of Autoantibody Levels In A Twin Population, Amal Rastogi
Heritability Of Autoantibody Levels In A Twin Population, Amal Rastogi
Theses and Dissertations
AIM: This study aims to determine what portion of specific autoantibody phenotypes are genetically determined by using a twin model. METHODS: This study specifically examines Anti-Ro(SSA), Anti-La (SSB), Anti-Sn/RNP, Anti-Sm, Anti-Jo-1, Anti-Scl-70, Anti-Tg & Anti-TPO, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-PS, and Anti-cardiolipin antibodies for their heritability. This study examined 104 same-sex adult twins (66 monozygous, 38 dizygous) for the above mentioned autoantibody values. The serum autoantibody values in each subject were quantified using automated ELISA. Descriptive statistics including, distributions, quantiles, and moments were calculated by zygosity for continuous antibody values, subject ages, gender, race and smoking status. Categorical antibody levels were used to …
The Relationship Between Eating Disorder Symptomology, Body Image Concerns, And Early Maladaptive Schemas, Stephanie D'Angelo
The Relationship Between Eating Disorder Symptomology, Body Image Concerns, And Early Maladaptive Schemas, Stephanie D'Angelo
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the relationship between eating disorder symptomology, body image concerns, and early maladaptive schemas. The specific eating disorder symptoms were binging, purging and restricting. Participants were undergraduate college women. Eating disorder symptomology was measured along a continuum so that the sample encompassed individuals with eating disorder pathology ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms. Multiple regression analyses indicated that body image concerns predicted a significant proportion of variance in binging, purging and restrictive behaviors. Specifically, shape concerns predicted significant unique variance in restrictive behaviors. Early maladaptive schemas were found to account for a significant proportion of variance among restrictive …
Identification Of Apoptosis Pathway In Treacher Collins Syndrome, Khaled Alsayegh
Identification Of Apoptosis Pathway In Treacher Collins Syndrome, Khaled Alsayegh
Theses and Dissertations
Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by severe craniofacial defects. The syndrome is associated with mutations in the TCOF1 gene, which encodes a nucleolar phosphoprotein called treacle. Model organisms have been generated to model the disease and have revealed knowledge about the etiology and pathogenesis of the disorder. The craniofacial abnormality observed in TCS patients is found to be caused by an increased level of apoptosis in the neuroepithelium and from this it has been suggested that treacle is important for proper formation and proliferation of neural crest cells that will ultimately contribute to the …
Transcriptional, Epigenetic, And Signal Events In Antifolate Therapeutics, Alexandra Racanelli
Transcriptional, Epigenetic, And Signal Events In Antifolate Therapeutics, Alexandra Racanelli
Theses and Dissertations
A targeted approach to the development of antifolate therapies has been sought for many years. Central to the success of such development is an understanding of the molecular mechanisms dictating the sensitivity of cells to antifolates and the fundamental differences of these processes between normal and neoplastic phenotypes. This dissertation addressed transcriptional mechanisms and cell-signaling events responsible for the efficacy of antifolate therapies. Transcriptional processes and cell signaling pathways are often aberrant in neoplastic tissues, providing a potential point of distinction between a normal and neoplastic cellular state. Folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) catalyzes the formation of poly-γ-glutamate derivatives of folates and …
A Perceptual Evaluation Of The Effect Of A Pseudopalate On Voiceless Obstruent Production And Motor Adaptation, Megan Ann Cannon Williams
A Perceptual Evaluation Of The Effect Of A Pseudopalate On Voiceless Obstruent Production And Motor Adaptation, Megan Ann Cannon Williams
Theses and Dissertations
Electropalatography (EPG) has proven to be a useful clinical and research tool for measuring tongue-to-palate contact. Research has shown sensorimotor adaptation to an EPG device may be possible following a short period of speech practice. This study was developed in order to better understand how a listeners' perception of speech clarity is effected by the presence of a relatively thin artificial pseudopalate in the speakers' oral cavity. Twenty listeners rated 220 speech stimuli on a visual analog scale ranging from normal to very distorted speech clarity. The stimuli included two different American English sentences. Speech clarity ratings were looked at …
The Effects Of Intensive Lower Limb Training On The Speech Of Patients With Parkinson's Disease, Lauren Fjeldsted Allen
The Effects Of Intensive Lower Limb Training On The Speech Of Patients With Parkinson's Disease, Lauren Fjeldsted Allen
Theses and Dissertations
Research has documented the positive effects of physical therapy as a treatment for limb motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have shown that speech and voice measures can be reflective of overall cardiovascular health and fitness in young, middle-aged, and older adults. In healthy individuals, increased respiratory drive has been found to influence vocal function and speech articulation. The rationale for the present study was that improved lower limb function might lead to improvements in overall fitness, which then may influence speech in individuals with Parkinson's disease. To investigate this premise, 10 participants diagnosed with mild to …
The Effect Of Fatigue On Acoustic Measures Of Diphthongs In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis, Kristi Lee Hollis
The Effect Of Fatigue On Acoustic Measures Of Diphthongs In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis, Kristi Lee Hollis
Theses and Dissertations
Although recent literature suggests that fatigue influences the communication of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), its relationship to acoustic measures of speech, specifically formant transitions during diphthongs, has not been explored. In the present study, 11 participants diagnosed with MS, two of whom were perceptually dysarthric, and 12 control subjects were recorded as they performed selected speech tasks in both the morning and the afternoon. Before each recording session, participants rated their fatigue level. The participants with MS gave significantly higher ratings of fatigue than the control group. The speakers with MS had longer diphthong durations in a non-fatigued state, …
Finish-A-Rhyme-Story: A Rhyme Cloze Assessment For Preschool Children, Kimberly Jeanne Condie
Finish-A-Rhyme-Story: A Rhyme Cloze Assessment For Preschool Children, Kimberly Jeanne Condie
Theses and Dissertations
Educators need measurement tools to determine phonological awareness in young children. This study investigated the appropriateness of rhyme cloze tasks, referred to as Finish-a-Rhyme-Story items, which were designed to measure preschool and kindergarten children's early rhyme development. The rhyme cloze tasks required children to verbally complete a sentence by filling in a final rhyming word that matched a rhyme pattern highlighted in a short story that was read aloud to them. The task required rhyme awareness as well as comprehension of the language in the story. Twenty-four items were individually administered to preschool (n = 207) and kindergarten (n = …
Investigating The Response Of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells To The Cuprizone Model Of Demyelination, David Moffatt
Investigating The Response Of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells To The Cuprizone Model Of Demyelination, David Moffatt
Theses and Dissertations
Multiple sclerosis and other myelin diseases affect the quality of life many people. In the United States alone, multiple sclerosis afflicts as many as 400,000 individuals. Myelin, which is attacked by multiple sclerosis, plays a critical role in maintaining the healthy function of the adult nervous system. There are many model systems that study myelin and its formation and loss. Our lab investigates the cuprizone model of demyelination and remyelination. The cuprizone model is commonly believed only to affect adult oligodendrocytes, which it kills. The current study investigates whether other cells in the oligodendrocyte line, such as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, …
Role Of Fdcs And Fdc Activation In Promoting Humoral Immunity Including Responses To T-Dependent Antigens In The Absence Of T Cells, Sayed Rania El
Role Of Fdcs And Fdc Activation In Promoting Humoral Immunity Including Responses To T-Dependent Antigens In The Absence Of T Cells, Sayed Rania El
Theses and Dissertations
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) reside in primary B-cell follicles and in the light zones of germinal centers (GCs) in secondary follicles, where their dendrites interdigitate forming extensive networks intimately interacting with B-cells. In GCs, FDCs can be found at the edges attached to the supporting reticular fibers. They trap and arrange immune complexes (ICs) in vivo and in vitro in a periodic manner with 200–500Å spacing and provide both antigen-specific and non-specific accessory signals to B-cells. FDCs exist in resting and activated states, with two characteristically different phenotypes. In their activated state, FDCs upregulate the expression of accessory molecules and …
Factors Influencing Placental Transfer Of Lopinavir: Binding, Uptake And Efflux, Abhishek Gulati
Factors Influencing Placental Transfer Of Lopinavir: Binding, Uptake And Efflux, Abhishek Gulati
Theses and Dissertations
HIV protease inhibitors are an important component of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy used to treat HIV infected pregnant women. They have a low placental transfer and are highly plasma protein bound. The purpose of this thesis was to characterize the factors limiting placental passage and fetal exposure to lopinavir. These factors include lopinavir plasma protein binding and uptake, cellular binding, and efflux of lopinavir in the placental trophoblast cells. First, we determined the unbound fraction of lopinavir in cord blood and characterized the binding of lopinavir to α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and human serum albumin (HSA), and displacement by ritonavir. Serum …
Roles Of Krüppel Like Factors Klf1, Klf2, And Klf4 In Embryonic Beta-Globin Gene Expression, Yousef Alhashem
Roles Of Krüppel Like Factors Klf1, Klf2, And Klf4 In Embryonic Beta-Globin Gene Expression, Yousef Alhashem
Theses and Dissertations
Krüppel like factors (KLFs) are a family of 17 proteins whose main function is gene regulation by binding to DNA elements in the promoters of various genes. KLF transcription factors recognize CACCC-elements and act as activators or repressors of the gene expression. Among the 17 family members, KLF1, KLF2, and KLF4 share high homology to each other. KLF1 is the founding member of the family and is an erythroid-specific protein. KLF2 is expressed in erythroid, endothelial, and other cells. KLF4 is expressed in endothelial, smooth muscle, and other cells. In this thesis, the functions of these KLFs were reviewed in …
The Effect Of Chronic Constriction Injury On Cellular Systems Within Nociceptive Pathways In The Mouse, Michelle Hoot
The Effect Of Chronic Constriction Injury On Cellular Systems Within Nociceptive Pathways In The Mouse, Michelle Hoot
Theses and Dissertations
Chronic neuropathic pain is often difficult to treat due to its resistance to therapeutic intervention. This is due in part to the poor understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuropathic pain states. The neuropathic pain model, chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, produced robust pain hypersensitivity in our mice. It also induced significant changes in the mitogen activated protein kinase family, and the cannabinoid and µ-opioid systems in three different brain areas involved in the modulation or regulation of pain states. CCI induced a 2.5 fold increase in mRNA of the kinase Raf-1 …
Validity Of Seven Syntactic Analyses Performed By The Computerized Profiling Software, Stacy Lynn Minch
Validity Of Seven Syntactic Analyses Performed By The Computerized Profiling Software, Stacy Lynn Minch
Theses and Dissertations
The Computerized Profiling (CP) software extracts several quantitative measures from a transcribed sample of a client's language. These analyses include the Mean Length of Utterance in Words (MLU-W) and in Morphemes (MLU-M), the Mean Syntactic Length (MSL), the Syntactic Complexity Score (SCS), Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS), the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn), and the Picture-Elicited Screening Procedure for LARSP (PSL). The validity of these measures was examined by comparing them to the number of finite nominal, adverbial, and relative clauses contained in samples from 54 first-, 48 third-, and 48 fifth-grade students and 24 young adults. The DSS and SCS …
Psychometrically Equivalent Monosyllabic Words For Word Recognition Testing In Mongolian., Valarie Nicole Haslam
Psychometrically Equivalent Monosyllabic Words For Word Recognition Testing In Mongolian., Valarie Nicole Haslam
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to record a set of Mongolian monosyllabic word lists that could be used to obtain a word recognition score. A word list was developed of 190 frequently used monosyllabic words which had been selected by a group of raters. Native male and female Mongolian talkers were utilized to make digital recordings. The 190 words were divided into 10 lists of 19 words. The lists were presented to 20 normally hearing subjects at 10 different intensity levels ranging from -5 to 40 dB HL in 5 dB increments. An S-curve distribution was used to divide …
Prevalence Of White Spot Lesions During Orthodontic Treatment, Julian Dixon
Prevalence Of White Spot Lesions During Orthodontic Treatment, Julian Dixon
Theses and Dissertations
The reported prevalence of decalcification in orthodontic patients varies from 2 to 96% mainly due to the lack of a standard examination technique. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the prevalence of white spot lesions around brackets using visual examination and the DIAGNOdent; 2) to determine which teeth were the most susceptible to decalcification; and 3) to test the accuracy of the DIAGNOdent by comparing to the visual examination. The presence of white spot lesions was determined in two groups of patients who were 6 and 12 months into orthodontic treatment, respectively. The control group consisted of …
Frequency Of Tlr-2, 4, 9 And Cd14 Polymorphisms In Aggressive Periodontitis Population In African-Americans, Melanie Chou
Frequency Of Tlr-2, 4, 9 And Cd14 Polymorphisms In Aggressive Periodontitis Population In African-Americans, Melanie Chou
Theses and Dissertations
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various pattern recognition receptor (PRR) genes, including Toll like receptors (TLR) -2, -4, -9, and CD14 in chronic (CP), localized (LAP) and generalized aggressive (GAP) periodontitis and periodontally healthy (NP) patients in an African American population. Methods: A total of 205 subjects were involved in the study. The LAP group consists of 25 subjects, the GAP group 50 subjects, the CP group 73 subjects and the NP group 57subjects. Genotyping was performed in TLR2 (G2408A), TLR4 (A896G),TLR9 (T1486C) and CD14 (C260T) genes by …
The Effect Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (Snps) In Toll-Like Receptors -2, -4, -9, And Cd14 Genes In An African-American Population With Chronic Periodontitis, Willard Maughan
Theses and Dissertations
AIM: to determine if a relationship exists between TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-9, or CD14 polymorphisms and risk for developing chronic periodontal disease in an African-American population. This is the first study conducted to determine role of SNPs in TLR genes and CD14 gene in a periodontally-diseased African-American population. Additionally, this is the first study to assess the role of TLR-9 polymorphism in periodontitis patients. METHODS: A total of 130 subjects were involved in the study. The chronic periodontitis (CP) group contained 73 subjects, and the healthy control (NP) group 57subjects. Genotyping was performed in TLR2 (G2408A), TLR4 (A896G),TLR9 (T1486C) and CD14 …
A Comparison Of Seven Automated Measures Of Syntactic Complexity, Laura Elizabeth Wilde
A Comparison Of Seven Automated Measures Of Syntactic Complexity, Laura Elizabeth Wilde
Theses and Dissertations
This study compared seven syntactic measures which can be automatically generated by the Computerized Profiling (CP) software: Mean Length of Utterance in morphemes or words (MLUm or MLUw), Mean Syntactic Length (MSL), the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn), the Picture Elicited Scoring Procedure (PESP) for the Language Analysis Remediation and Screening Profile (LARSP), the Syntactic Complexity Score (MSC) scoring of LARSP, and Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS). Language samples came from 192 children, 106 typically developing children, ages 5;6 to 11;2 and 86 children with language impairment, ages 5;6 to 11;1. Patterns of correlation were consistent for children with or without …
Phonemic Categorization Of Eight-To-Ten Year Old Children With An Articulation Disorder, Marjorie A. Smith
Phonemic Categorization Of Eight-To-Ten Year Old Children With An Articulation Disorder, Marjorie A. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Phonemic categorization is the ability to discriminate and organize speech sounds into categories. This ability begins soon after birth and continues to refine as an individual matures. An association between categorical labeling and phonological awareness has been reported. A strong link between perception and production has been established. The present study examined phonemic categorization of two groups of four listeners. Eight-to ten-year-old children with an articulation disorder were compared with typically speaking peers to determine if the two groups differed in their ability to categorize speech sounds. Behavioral and electrophysiological measures were used to ascertain if any differences existed. These …
Perceived Responsibility For The Development Of White Spot Lesions During Orthodontic Treatment, Blake Maxfield
Perceived Responsibility For The Development Of White Spot Lesions During Orthodontic Treatment, Blake Maxfield
Theses and Dissertations
White spot lesions (WSLs) or decalcifications remain a common complication in orthodontic patients with poor oral hygiene. The purpose of this study was to compare attitudes regarding the development of WSLs among patients, parents, orthodontists and general dentists and improve prevention and treatment protocols through better communication. A survey was developed to evaluate and compare the current opinions of orthodontic patients (n=315), parents (n=279), orthodontists (n=305) and general dentists (n=191) regarding the significance, prevention and treatment of WSLs. All four groups indicated that WSLs did detract from the overall appearance of straight teeth. All four groups indicated that patients were …
Father-Daughter Attachment And Sexual Behavior In African-American Daughters, Karen Hill-Holliday
Father-Daughter Attachment And Sexual Behavior In African-American Daughters, Karen Hill-Holliday
Theses and Dissertations
Although a relationship has been found in some studies between paternal attachment and female sexual behavior, knowledge of this relationship in African Americans has been limited. The purpose of this research was to determine if there was a relationship between father-daughter attachment, parent teen sexual risk communication and early sexual activity, condom use, history of sexually transmitted infection, global/sexual self-esteem and teen pregnancy in African-American females. An anonymous consent and survey was administered online to N=113 African American college women (age 18-21) attending a southeastern university. Measurements included the Parent Attachment Questionnaire (Father), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem, Sexual Self-Esteem Inventory (short scale), …
“Design And Synthesis Of Molecular Probes For The Study Of 5-Ht2a And H1 Receptors”, Jitesh Shah
“Design And Synthesis Of Molecular Probes For The Study Of 5-Ht2a And H1 Receptors”, Jitesh Shah
Theses and Dissertations
The serotonin (5-HT) receptors, with seven subtypes and at least fifteen distinct members, mediate a wide range of physiological functions both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. All members of the 5-HT family except the 5-HT3 subtype belong to the family of aminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Over the years, various molecules have been reported which act selectively at 5-HT2 receptors. However, there are no ligands that exhibit complete selectivity for one subpopulation of 5-HT2 receptors. Insight into how drugs bind to 5-HT2 receptors could contribute significantly to the development of subtype-selective agents with enhanced therapeutic effects. …
Development Of Ppar-Γ Receptor Agonists As Therapeutic Agents For Diabetes, Ashwini Goswami
Development Of Ppar-Γ Receptor Agonists As Therapeutic Agents For Diabetes, Ashwini Goswami
Theses and Dissertations
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the transcriptional regulators of glucose, lipids and cholesterol metabolisms. It has been established that PPAR-γ is the receptor for thiazolidinediones (TZDs) class of type II anti-diabetic drugs. These compounds act as agonists of PPAR-γ. They may delay the development of type II diabetes in individuals at high risk of developing the condition, and have been shown to have potentially beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. PPAR-γ receptor activation by TZDs improves insulin sensitivity by promoting fatty acid uptake into adipose tissue, increasing production of adiponectin (responsible for glucose regulation and fatty acid metabolism) and …
Leadership And Dental Aesthetics Of Adults As Perceived By Laypersons, E. Britton Montgomery
Leadership And Dental Aesthetics Of Adults As Perceived By Laypersons, E. Britton Montgomery
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine if dental aesthetics is perceived by adults to affect an individual’s ability to emerge as a leader. An electronic survey was constructed using facial frontal smiling photographs of 10 patients. Statements were formulated to evaluate four leadership characteristics: intelligence, self-confidence, friendliness, and trustworthiness. Evaluators indicated their level of agreement with each statement for each subject using a 100mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data was obtained from 214 evaluators. Picture ratings were analyzed using repeated-measures mixed-model analyses. Evaluator factors and picture factors were considered when testing for crooked vs. straight teeth differences. There …
Is Volunteering During Adolescence Associated With A Delay In Pregnancy Until Adulthood?, Diane Bishop
Is Volunteering During Adolescence Associated With A Delay In Pregnancy Until Adulthood?, Diane Bishop
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine if regular volunteering during adolescence was associated with a delay in first pregnancy until adulthood. Method: Data for this analysis were drawn from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Logistic regression was used, controlling for demographic characteristics and pregnancy intention, to estimate the independent contribution of volunteering during adolescence to a delay in first pregnancy until after age 18. Results: One-third of respondents reported regularly volunteering during adolescence. Volunteering significantly differed among those who had a teen pregnancy compared to those who delayed pregnancy until …