Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Assessing Changes In Exercise, Dietary And Sleeping Habits In Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jennifer Tram, Justin Tram, Caitlin Macmillen, Sarah Merrill, Kenneth Vitale Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

This article has been retracted

Validity Of Fitbit Devices While Ascending And Descending Flights Of Stairs, Melissa Strehlow, Alan Garcia, Dustin W. Davis, Javen Miguel, Jeff Montes, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

With wearable technology becoming increasingly popular, devices that provide valid step counts during physical activities are important for people trying to accumulate a certain number of steps, as is a common goal when trying to become more active. One of the most popular manufacturers of wearable devices in the world is Fitbit. It is not clear if wrist-worn Fitbit devices provide valid step counts while ascending and descending flights of stairs at different speeds. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of step counts by the wrist-worn Fitbit Charge and Fitbit Versa 2 while walking …

Comparison Of Plantar Fascia Thickness And Foot Pain In People With Plantar Fasciitis: A Preliminary Analysis, Spencer G. Straddeck, Camille L. Nguyen, Kaleb Barker, Sarah T. Ridge, Aaron W. Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Researchers have found that people with plantar fasciitis have lower stiffness in their plantar fascia than healthy people. However, the relationship between perceived pain and plantar fascia stiffness has not been well documented. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to observe the correlation between plantar fascia stiffness and self-reported foot pain scores. METHODS: Sixteen people with plantar fasciitis (PFis) participated in this study. Screening criteria included a score of > 25 on the Plantar Fasciitis Pain Scale (PFPS) and plantar fascia (PF) thickness > 0.40 cm on a Brightness-Ultrasound image recorded prior to the start of data collection. At …

Effects Of Various Self-Myofascial Release Devices On 60-Meter Sprint Performance, Jared Steele, Nicole D. Bolter Phd, Maria J. Veri Phd, Matt Lee Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Over the past decade, self-myofascial release (SMR) has become a common tool amongst athletes as it is highly regarded in its ability to increase range of motion (ROM), athletic performance, and post-exercise recovery PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare 60-meter sprint performances with and without two technologically advanced SMR devices - the percussive massager and clamp roller. Based on the available literature, it was hypothesized that sprint time metrics and stride biomechanics would be improved after the use of either of these advanced SMR devices compared to not using an SMR device. METHODS: The study …

Single Running Bout Achilles Tendon Stiffness Adaptations In Elite Male Runners With Various Foot Strike Patterns, Joshua Sponbeck, Iain Hunter, Luke Brogan, Zachary Ludwig, Collette Batty, Wayne Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Midfoot strike runners experience greater amounts of force through the Achilles Tendon while running compared with heel strike runners which may increase the risk of Achilles tendinopathy. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a five-mile running bout, on Achilles tendon stiffness as measured by elastography in elite male runners that exhibit a midfoot or heel strike pattern. METHODS: Ten male runners (age = 21.4 years, height = 179.54 cm, weight = 66.2 kg, average miles run over the last 6 weeks = 6) participated in this study. Runners free from injury and running …

Cannabis And Cannabidiol Use In Active Individuals: A Survey Of Timing And Reasons For Use, Matthew M. Schubert, Jamie E. Hibbert, Richard Armenta, Erik A. Willis, Whitney Ogle

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The use of cannabis for medicinal and recreational purposes is widespread across the globe. However, relatively little is known regarding the use of cannabis and its constituents among athletic populations. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine timing of cannabis use relative to exercise, reasons for use, forms of consumption, and sources of information in active adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was administered electronically beginning in September 2020. Participants were recruited through social media advertisements, email blasts, and word of mouth. Data were collected on health and exercise habits, use of cannabis/cannabidiol (CBD), reasons for use, …

Online Physical Activity Advice For Older Adults During Covid-19: Results Of A Pilot Study, Mirabella R. Russo, Jafrā D. Thomas, Calvin J. Wu, Abigail M. Mcintyre

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020-present), US. older adults in quarantine likely turned to the internet, often a first source for exercise information, for health and exercise advice. PURPOSE: Given adherence to physical activity guidelines (PAGs) lowers risk of sickness and death due to COVID-19, this presentation is to present results of a pilot study which determined the extent online physical activity promotion articles published during the COVID-19 pandemic, with messages tailored to older adults, aligned with US. 2018 PAGs. METHODS: Online articles were sought based on an apriori inclusion criteria (e.g., targeted older adults, published March 2020-February …

Mechanics Of Running Grade Ability, Kaleigh Renninger, Iain Hunter, Tyler Standifird

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Gait efficiency while running on level ground surfaces has been analyzed by numerous mechanists, however with the dynamic of elevation changes during running, more research is needed to educate runners on how to optimize their energy usage running up and downhill. PURPOSE: In this study, we focused on determining whether certain running mechanics would predict a runner’s ability for uphill versus downhill running. METHODS: Twenty-one experienced runners ran uphill, level, and downhill while having oxygen uptake measured. Conditions were performed in random order and repeated on a second day. Runners used the Saucony TypeA shoe for all conditions. Oxygen measures …

Influence Of Sleep Disturbances On Landing And Jumping Forces In Elite College Age Individuals, Spencer Rasmussen, Caitlyn Stainbrook, Emily Sullenger, Shane Draper, Andrew Creer, Tyler Standifird

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Sleep has been demonstrated to influence sport-specific performance in college athletes with sleep deprivation decreasing sport-specific performance and possibly leading to greater risk of injury (Reyner & Horne, 2013). Jumping and landing are important movements in many sports, therefore, sleep disturbances could potentially increase the risk of injury in sports with jumping and landing movements.

PURPOSE: The intent of this study was to determine if sleep disturbances influence forces produced during jumping and landing in elite college age individuals.

METHODS: Twenty-five UVU athletes (males=8, females=17) completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQI) before …

What Do You Need, Coach? Translating The Relationship Between Sprint Metrics And Training Load For Practical Application In Division I Women’S Soccer, Dieanna C. Prudholme, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

An array of athlete-generated data can be collected with GPS technology during training sessions. Sport scientists working with collegiate team sports, including soccer, must be able to contextualize data for coaches. Coaches may then manipulate the most impactful variables, such as player load (a scoring value that accounts for intensity and duration of effort based on GPS readings) and variables most impacting player load, to increase training efficiency. PURPOSE: To determine which sprint metric most relates to and predicts player load, that is practical to coaches. METHODS: Data for 16 Division I collegiate female field (forwards, midfielders, defenders) soccer players …

Understanding Muscle Power Decline Through Cross-Sectional And Longitudinal Analyses Of Elite And Masters Track & Field Data, Brandon Pfeifer, Michael Hall, Meghan Carlisle, Robert D. Hyldahl

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and function with age, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Muscle power, which can be defined as the force a muscle can exert quickly (power = force × velocity), has the greatest impact on mobility in geriatric populations. Loss of muscle power has been well-established among the elderly (≥60), but studies suggesting the age at which muscle power decline begins are lacking. PURPOSE: This study seeks to determine the extent of muscle power decline in middle-aged populations (40-60) through data analysis of masters and elite track and field athletes. METHODS: Four …

The Role Of Physical Activity In The Relationship Between Sitting Time And Insulin Resistance, Kayla Parker, Larry A. Tucker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The primary objective of the present study was to determine the role of physical activity in the relationship between sitting time and insulin resistance in 7,092 randomly selected U.S. adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2018, were used to answer the research question. NHANES data for 2019-2020 were not available because of COVID. Participants were selected using a multi-stage, random sampling strategy. Subjects reported average sitting time, quantified as the number of minutes spent per day sitting. Insulin resistance was determined using HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment). HOMA-IR is the most common measure …

The Effects Of Short Foot Exercise On Ground Reaction Forces During Landing, Connor M. Owen, Daniel Metri, Jacob Mayoral, Andy Arant, Dane Johnson, Robert Dudley, Andrea Du Bois

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The foot is a shock absorber which helps attenuate loads during landing activities via pronation. Intrinsic foot muscles help stabilize the arch of the foot and assist in controlling pronation. Excessive pronation during landing may transfer up the kinetic chain, increasing the risk of knee injury. Additionally, increased ground reaction forces (GRF) during landing may increase the risk for an ACL injury. Acute bouts of short foot exercise (SFE) can strengthen IFM, improving foot posture, balance, and energy transfer in dynamic activities, reducing injury risk. PURPOSE: Therefore, this study investigates whether SFE training before jump performance lowers GRF upon landing. …

Maintained Elevated Systolic Blood Pressures In African Americans And Hispanic Individuals Following Maximum Oxygen Consumption Test When Compared To Caucasians: A Pilot Study, Zaria S. Opara, Heysel Morales, Michael Diaz, Allan Knox

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: There is robust evidence presenting higher incidences of hypertension experienced by the African American (AA) population when compared with matched cohorts. Exercise has been shown to reduce the prevalence of hypertension, however, the cardiovascular recovery of exercise is associated with mortality. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular recovery between AAs, Hispanics (HSPs), and Caucasians (CAs). METHODS: VO_2max was measured by indirect calorimetry. Body composition was measured by air displacement plethysmography (BODPOD). Brachial blood pressures were captured by automated cuff before exercise, immediately after exercise, and every 2 minutes following exercise for a total …

Effect Of Sustained Covid-19 Guidelines On Eating Behaviors And Weight Gain, Malia Nowlen, Kyli Alvarez, Riley Morton, Estephania Campa, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Prior research examining the impact of short-term self-quarantine indicates altered eating behaviors and weight change. Roughly ten months after the first lockdown was announced, the COVID-19 pandemic continues without abatement. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of long-term COVID-19 guidelines on eating behaviors and weight change.

METHODS: A research announcement was sent out via Facebook to 1200 possible participants. The Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI) was used to assess possible changes in factors that contribute to eating. Participants were also asked to report weight before the pandemic and at the time of the study. Weight …

Two Weeks Of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Improved Cutaneous Microvascular Responses To Post-Occlusive Reactive Hyperemia, Martin Navarro

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Repeated remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), induced by intermittent periods of ischemia and reperfusion in a limb body, improves non-nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelial-dependent cutaneous vasodilation. Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) occurs following the release of a brief arterial occlusion and is principally mediated by non-NO mediated vasodilatory factors such as prostaglandins, sensory nerve axon reflex, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs). However, the role of repeated bouts of RIPC on the PORH response is unknown. The purpose of this study was to test whether two weeks of RIPC improves PORH elicited cutaneous microvascular hyperemia responses. METHODS:The study was conducted with twenty-one participants …

Effect Of Exercise In Sync With Circadian Preference On Classification Of Response And Non-Response In Migraineurs, James W. Navalta, Graham R. Mcginnis, Elias M. Malek

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is estimated that 36 million individuals in the U.S. suffer from migraines. While pharmacological treatments are most often prescribed, adverse side effects cause nearly 70% to delay or avoid taking medication. Treatments such as exercise, that have fewer side effects than medications, are needed. While exercise is effective, not all migraineurs benefit (40% were classified as non-responders in one study), indicating certain aspects should be evaluated. The PURPOSE was to determine if exercise prescribed at a time-of-day in synchrony versus out of synchrony with circadian preference (chronotype) affected responder versus non-responder status when considering monthly migraine load. METHODS: …

No Sex Differences In Common Carotid Artery Stiffness Response Following Maximal Oxygen Consumption Test, Heysel Y. Morales, Michael Diaz, Zaria Opara, Allan Knox

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Previous investigations have reported sex differences in the time course of age-related arterial stiffness, with postmenopausal women presenting increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Using sex as a biological variable has identified differences between males and females in physiological responses to equivalent doses of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if sex differences exist in arterial stiffness response to a maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) exercise test. METHODS: VO2max was measured by indirect calorimetry. Body composition was measured by air displacement plethysmography (BODPOD). Indices of common carotid artery (CCA) stiffness (Peterson’s elastic modulus [Ep], Beta stiffness [B1], …

A Comparison Of Multiple Body Composition Measurement Methods To The Department Of Defense’S Physical Fitness And Body Fat Program Procedures, Desmond J. Millender, Holly M. Hall, Jeremy B. Ducharme, Avadney F. Gerard-Osbourne, Ann L. Gibson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: The Department of Defense (DoD) developed body composition standards that require service personnel to meet sex- and branch-specific body mass index criteria. Failing to meet these criteria leads to body fat percentage (%BF) estimation via the DoD’s circumference method. Service members exceeding these standards face administrative action and a possible premature discharge, thus emphasizing the importance of accurately estimating %BF with this method.

PURPOSE: To compare the predictive accuracy of the DoD’s circumference-based equation to estimate %BF compared to hydrostatic weighting (HW); segmental and whole-body bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA), and sex-specific skinfold thickness assessments.

METHODS: Physically active …

Kinesiophobia Prevalence Among College Athletes, Lindsey R. Mcneely, Robert I. Dudley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The fear avoidance model indicates that fear of re-injury and movement related fear (kinesiophobia) can foster avoidant behaviors leading to potentially injurious changes in movement. The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), an 11-question survey, measures movement related fear. While much of the kinesiophobia literature has focused on individuals with chronic pain, there is little evidence on the prevalence of kinesiophobia among collegiate athletes, a population with high frequency of injury. What little evidence exists indicates a connection between high kinesiophobia and injurious movement patterns. PURPOSE: Given the lack of data on collegiate athletes, the purpose of this investigation is to …

Electromyographic Examination Of Hip And Knee Extension Hex Bar Exercises Varied By Starting Knee And Torso Angles, Meghan Mccauley, Jennifer Rivera, Whitney D. Leyva, Kalin A. Tomlinson, Kevin A. Valenzuela, Elisabeth Zeitz, Edward Jo Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Variations of the deadlift can be executed using the hexagonal (hex) bar by altering, for instance, the knee and torso angles while maintaining a constant hip angle at the start position. PURPOSE: To examine muscle activation patterns of the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and erector spinae during three deadlift variations using the hex bar. METHODS: Twenty resistance-trained male and female subjects performed hex bar deadlift variations in three different starting knee flexion positions: 128.4 ± 8.5° (elevated Romanian Deadlift), 111.9 ± 8.7° (conventional elevated deadlift), and 98.3 ± 6.5° (conventional hexagonal bar deadlift). Subjects performed three repetitions at …

Investigation Of Swimming Economy While Wearing Different Triathlon Wetsuit Styles At Submaximal Front Crawl Swimming, Boram Lim, Alejandro Villalobos, George Crocker, John Mercer Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Triathlon wetsuits commonly use for the potential benefits of swimming performance and thermoregulation. Triathletes may select different wetsuit styles depending on many factors (e.g., temperature regulation swimming technique, body type, and training purpose). However, there is a lack of empirical evidence of how different wetsuit styles affect the physiological responses to swimming. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during submaximal intensity front crawl swimming using different wetsuit styles. METHODS: Fourteen participants (n=6 men, n=8 women; all recreational triathletes or swimmers) completed a swimming graded exercise test wearing a swimsuit only to determine …

Rapid Onset Vasodilation With Lower Body Positive And Negative Pressure, Olivia Leach, Gary Mack, Jayson Gifford

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Investigate the impact of muscle sympathetic activity changes on the hyperemic response to single muscle contraction (i.e., rapid-onset vasodilation, ROV). METHODS: Muscle sympathetic activity was altered in 14 healthy young subjects (8 male, 6 female) through randomized application of lower body negative pressure (-10, -20, and -40 mmHg) and lower body positive pressure (+10, +20 mmHg). A 1-s hand grip contraction at 50% MVC was performed at each pressure and control (0 mmHg). Blood flow and vascular conductance were quantified with muscle blood flow being measured in the brachial artery using Doppler ultrasound and blood …

Analysis Of Comparative Enjoyment Following High To Moderate Intensity Upper Body Cycling And Lower Body Cycling In Lean And Obese, Kyle Larsen, David H. Fukuda Ph.D., Anthony Ciccone, Nicolas Clark

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The combination of utilizing differing aerobic exercise prescriptions such as arm cycling and traditional leg cycling at varying exercise intensities may affect an individual’s enjoyment of exercise. PURPOSE: This study compared levels of perceived enjoyment obtained following isocaloric arm and leg cycling trials performed at heavy and moderate intensities among lean and average (LA) and overfat and obese individuals (OFO). METHODS: Participants included 36 young adults divided into two groups based on their Fat Mass Index (FMI) (LA=4.6±1.7 FM kg/m², OFO=9.9±3.5 FM kg/m²). They completed a combination of four arm and leg cycling isocaloric …

Estrogen Receptor Alpha Controls Mitochondrial Function And Metabolic Homeostasis, And Is Critical For Exercise-Induced Improvements In Metabolism, Alexia M. Joseph

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle is an important tissue responsible for locomotion, oxidative metabolism, and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Because exercise is the most effective means to combat metabolic dysfunction and prevent the progression of type 2 diabetes, our laboratory is interested in understanding the molecular transducers underlying the health benefits of exercise. Previous work by our group has shown that muscle ESR1/ERα expression is correlated with indices of metabolic health, and Esr1 expression in muscle is induced following exercise training.

PURPOSE: Determine whether genetic overexpression of Esr1 to mimic transcript induction by physical activity is sufficient to produce favorable metabolic changes …

Kinesiology Student Led 3 Wins Fitness; Free Exercise Program Pivots Virtual And Emerges From Pandemic As Hybrid Park-Based Program For Underserved Communities, David Jimenez, Arlene Flores, Gabrielle Villagra, Joshua Carlos, Steven Loy

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

3 WINS Fitness is a FREE program delivered by Kinesiology students from Cal State University, Northridge focused on underserved communities in the San Fernando Valley. PURPOSE: The program aims to increase the health and fitness of participants, build healthier communities, and reduce population physical inactivity through exercise while developing students’ professional skills. METHODS: The structure of the program gives students an opportunity to apply in-class knowledge in a real-life setting. This translates to engaging participants of all fitness levels in 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 3 days/week. Many students had no prior in-park experience before this fall …

The Effects Of A Fitness And Wellness Course On Physical Activity Behavior And Intentions: Comparing In-Person Learning To Remote Learning., Calia A. Hunter, Carson Croel, Shannon R. Siegel Facsm, Stephanie Cooper

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

College students are often at-risk for physical inactivity. Many higher education institutions do not require physical activity courses, thus limiting the opportunity to promote physical activity. Of particular interest is the relationship between physical activity, mental health, and perceived barriers (e.g. access to resources, school-related responsibilities). Decreasing physical inactivity in college students by embedding a mandatory fitness and wellness course into the curriculum could be a viable option. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to distinguish if a fitness and wellness course delivered through an in-person or remote modality would affect students’ physical activity behavior and intention throughout a …

Systematic Observation Of Mask Adherence And Physical Distancing In A Public Recreational Setting In Response To Public Policy, Andrea Hughes, Jason Ng

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

During the COVID-19 pandemic, regular physical activity (PA) remained an important recommendation to prevent hypokinetic diseases. At the same time, changes in policies on mask wearing and physical distancing may have increased confusion about engaging in PA. Public outdoor recreation spaces are potentially valuable resources to address these challenges, however there is limited knowledge of mask and distancing behaviors in outdoor recreational areas. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to observe mask and distancing behaviors of individuals performing PA at a public outdoor recreational setting. METHODS: We used a modified version of the Systematic Observation of Mask Adherence and …

Validation Of The Garmin Fenix 6s Maximal Oxygen Consumption (Vo2max) Estimate, Macy M. Helm, Bryson Carrier, Dustin W. Davis, Kyle Cruz, Brenna Barrios, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Commercially available fitness watches provide recreational athletes insight into aerobic fitness. The Garmin fēnix. 6S (GF) is a recently released multisport watch that provides estimations related to aerobic and endurance performance, including maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). VO2max is an important physiological metric to determine aerobic capacity, structure training, and anticipate race performance. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the validity and accuracy of the GF’s prediction of VO2max in the general population compared to lab-based measurements. METHODS: 20 healthy participants (9 male, 11 female, 24 土 5.4 years, 30.45 土 21.79 km run/wk) participated in two …

Time Course Of Supine Assessment Of Bioelectrical Variables: An Evaluation Of Resistance, Reactance, And Phase Angle, Holly Hall, Jeremy B. Ducharme, Jonathan M. Houck, Avadney Gerard-Osbourne, Chloe Clark, Ann Gibson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

To minimize the effect of shifts in bodily water compartments, assessments of resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is recommended to occur after the individual has been supine for 15 minutes. While changes in bodily water compartments within 15 minutes of laying in the supine position may affect values for R and Xc, it’s unknown how these body water shifts affect phase angle (PhA). PURPOSE: Investigate the effect of time for stabilization of supine measurements of R, Xc, and PhA obtained via the RJL Quantum Legacy BIA analyzer. METHODS: Thirty-eight men (n=16) and women …