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Articles 331 - 360 of 360
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Whose Duty Is It Anyway?: The Kennedy Krieger Opinion And Its Implications For Public Health Research, Diane E. Hoffmann, Karen H. Rothenberg
Whose Duty Is It Anyway?: The Kennedy Krieger Opinion And Its Implications For Public Health Research, Diane E. Hoffmann, Karen H. Rothenberg
Faculty Scholarship
In this article, the authors discuss the Maryland Court of Appeals decision in the case of Grimes v. Kennedy Krieger Institute, Inc. and its implications for the tort duty owed by researchers, in particular public health researchers, to their subjects. The Opinion resulted from two lawsuits alleging lead poisoning of children enrolled in a study conducted by the Kennedy Krieger Institute, a world renown pediatric research and treatment facility. The opinion shocked the research establishment with its scathing characterization of researchers and its apparent holding that in Maryland a parent cannot consent to the participation of a child in "nontherapeutic …
Two Concepts Of Immortality: Reframing Public Debate On Stem-Cell Research, Frank Pasquale
Two Concepts Of Immortality: Reframing Public Debate On Stem-Cell Research, Frank Pasquale
Faculty Scholarship
Regenerative medicine seeks not only to cure disease, but also to arrest the aging process itself. So far, public attention to the new health care has focused on two of its methods: embryonic stem-cell research and therapeutic cloning. Since both processes manipulate embryos, they alarm those who believe life begins at conception. Such religious objections have dominated headlines on the topic, and were central to President George W. Bush's decision to restrict stem-cell research.
Although they are now politically potent, the present religious objections to regenerative medicine will soon become irrelevant. Scientists are fast developing new ways of culturing the …
Parenting In The Face Of Prejudice: The Need For Representation For Parents With Mental Illness, Leigh S. Goodmark
Parenting In The Face Of Prejudice: The Need For Representation For Parents With Mental Illness, Leigh S. Goodmark
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Consent To The Use Of Stored Dna For Genetics Research: A Survey Of Attitudes In The Jewish Population, Marc D. Schwartz, Karen H. Rothenberg, Linda Joseph, Judith Benkendorf, Caryn Lerman
Consent To The Use Of Stored Dna For Genetics Research: A Survey Of Attitudes In The Jewish Population, Marc D. Schwartz, Karen H. Rothenberg, Linda Joseph, Judith Benkendorf, Caryn Lerman
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias Against Women In The Treatment Of Pain, Diane E. Hoffmann, Anita J. Tarzian
The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias Against Women In The Treatment Of Pain, Diane E. Hoffmann, Anita J. Tarzian
Faculty Scholarship
In general, women report more severe levels of pain, more frequent incidences of pain, and pain of longer duration than men, but are nonetheless treated for pain less aggressively. The authors investigate this paradox from two perspectives: Do men and women in fact experience pain differently - whether biologically, cognitively, and/or emotionally? And regardless of the answer, what accounts for the differences in the pain treatment they receive, and what can we do to correct this situation?
Are Ethics Committee Members Competent To Consult?, Diane E. Hoffmann, Anita J. Tarzian, J. Anne O'Neil
Are Ethics Committee Members Competent To Consult?, Diane E. Hoffmann, Anita J. Tarzian, J. Anne O'Neil
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Balancing Public Health Against Individual Liberty: The Ethics Of Smoking Regulations, Thaddeus Mason Pope
Balancing Public Health Against Individual Liberty: The Ethics Of Smoking Regulations, Thaddeus Mason Pope
Faculty Scholarship
Ten years ago, philosopher Robert E. Goodin published "No Smoking: The Ethical Issues." Goodin argued that the liberty of smokers can be justifiably limited for two reasons: to prevent harm to third persons and to prevent harm to smokers themselves under circumstances which make their decision to smoke substantially non-autonomous. In this article Thaddeus Pope reexamines the harm principle and the soft paternalism principle in light of more recent legal developments, gives them additional content, and carefully demarcates the justificatory scope of each. Pope also defines and defends a third liberty-limiting principle, hard paternalism, arguing that the liberty of smokers …
Pain Management And Palliative Care In The Era Of Managed Care: Issues For Health Insurers, Diane E. Hoffmann
Pain Management And Palliative Care In The Era Of Managed Care: Issues For Health Insurers, Diane E. Hoffmann
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Mutations In Yeast Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Define Distinct Sites For Interaction With Dna Polymerase Δ And Dna Polymerase Ε, Joel C. Eissenberg, L. Rao Ayyagari, Xavier V. Gomes, Peter M.J. Burgers
Mutations In Yeast Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Define Distinct Sites For Interaction With Dna Polymerase Δ And Dna Polymerase Ε, Joel C. Eissenberg, L. Rao Ayyagari, Xavier V. Gomes, Peter M.J. Burgers
Faculty Scholarship
The importance of the interdomain connector loop and of the carboxy-terminal domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for functional interaction with DNA polymerases delta (Poldelta) and epsilon (Pol epsilon) was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Two alleles, pol30-79 (IL126,128AA) in the interdomain connector loop and pol30-90 (PK252,253AA) near the carboxy terminus, caused growth defects and elevated sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. These two mutants also had elevated rates of spontaneous mutations. The mutator phenotype of pol30-90 was due to partially defective mismatch repair in the mutant. In vitro, the mutant PCNAs showed defects in DNA synthesis. Interestingly, the pol30-79 …
Breast Cancer, The Genetic "Quickfix," And The Jewish Community: Ethical, Legal, And Social Challenges, Karen H. Rothenberg
Breast Cancer, The Genetic "Quickfix," And The Jewish Community: Ethical, Legal, And Social Challenges, Karen H. Rothenberg
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Mediating Bioethical Disputes, Diane E. Hoffmann, Naomi Karp
Mediating Bioethical Disputes, Diane E. Hoffmann, Naomi Karp
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Dangers Of Directives Or The False Security Of Forms, Diane E. Hoffmann, Sheryl Itkin Zimmerman, Catherine J. Tompkins
The Dangers Of Directives Or The False Security Of Forms, Diane E. Hoffmann, Sheryl Itkin Zimmerman, Catherine J. Tompkins
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Feminism, Law, And Bioethics, Karen H. Rothenberg
Feminism, Law, And Bioethics, Karen H. Rothenberg
Faculty Scholarship
Feminist legal theory provides a healthy skepticism toward legal doctrine and insists that we reexamine even formally gender-neutral rules to uncover problematic assumptions behind them. The article first outlines feminist legal theory from the perspectives of liberal, cultural, and radical feminism. Examples of how each theory influences legal practice, case law, and legislation are highlighted. Each perspective is then applied to a contemporary bioethical issue, egg donation. Following a brief discussion of the common themes shared by feminist jurisprudence, the article incorporates a narrative reflecting on the integration of the common feminist themes in the context of the passage of …
Testing Children For Genetic Predispositions: Is It In Their Best Interest?, Diane E. Hoffmann, Eric A. Wulfsberg
Testing Children For Genetic Predispositions: Is It In Their Best Interest?, Diane E. Hoffmann, Eric A. Wulfsberg
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Colloquium - Gender, Law And Health Care: New Perspectives For Teaching And Scholarship: The Role Of Gender In Law And Health Care, Karen H. Rothenberg
Colloquium - Gender, Law And Health Care: New Perspectives For Teaching And Scholarship: The Role Of Gender In Law And Health Care, Karen H. Rothenberg
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Purification Of A Variant-Specific Surface Protein Of Giardia Lamblia And Characterization Of Its Metal-Binding Properties, Mark R. Chance
Purification Of A Variant-Specific Surface Protein Of Giardia Lamblia And Characterization Of Its Metal-Binding Properties, Mark R. Chance
Faculty Scholarship
Giardia lamblia, an intestinal parasite of humans and other vertebrates, undergoes surface antigenic variation by modulating the expression of different variant-specific surface proteins (VSP). VSPs are cysteine-rich surface proteins that bind zinc and other heavy metals in vitro. We developed an immunoaffinity chromatographic method to purify a VSP in order to determine its biochemical properties. The sequences of two different proteolytic fragments agreed with the sequence deduced from the cloned gene, and amino-terminal sequence indicated the removal of a 14-residue signal peptide, consistent with the transport of VSP to the cell surface. The protein is not glycosylated and has an …
Mediating Life And Death Decisions, Diane E. Hoffmann
Mediating Life And Death Decisions, Diane E. Hoffmann
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Gestational Surrogacy And The Health Care Provider, Karen H. Rothenberg
Gestational Surrogacy And The Health Care Provider, Karen H. Rothenberg
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Outcomes Assessment In Health Care Reform: Promise And Limitations, Wendy K. Mariner
Outcomes Assessment In Health Care Reform: Promise And Limitations, Wendy K. Mariner
Faculty Scholarship
If the fundamental goals of the health care reform effort are to ensure universal access to an acceptable quality of health care at an affordable cost, then the threshold question for reform is: What health care services should be provided in an efficient, equitable system?
Answering this question requires weighing a complex mix of medical and social policy factors, a process not attempted in this article. But the starting point for that process should be determining what health care services “work” and what they cost. Outcomes assessment holds considerable promise in finding answers to these subsidiary questions, because it is …
Evaluating Ethics Committees: A View From The Outside, Diane E. Hoffmann
Evaluating Ethics Committees: A View From The Outside, Diane E. Hoffmann
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Temperature Dependent Coordination Effects In Base-Off Adenosyl And Methylcobalamin By X-Ray Edge Spectroscopy, Mark R. Chance
Temperature Dependent Coordination Effects In Base-Off Adenosyl And Methylcobalamin By X-Ray Edge Spectroscopy, Mark R. Chance
Faculty Scholarship
Examination of the role of base-off cobalamin species (where the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole ligand coordinated to cobalt is detached by protonation of the imidazole nitrogen) in differentiation between homolytic and heterolytic cobalt-carbon bond cleavage mechanisms is a primary step in better understanding B12-dependent enzyme catalysis. X-ray absorption edge spectroscopy provides the first direct structural evidence of five-coordination in base-off adenosyl- and base-off methylcobalamin complexes at room temperature. Integration of 1s-3d pre-edge transitions of the base-off species reveals the dependence of coordination number on temperature. Gradual increases in 1s-3d transition intensities, as the temperature is increased from 180 K to 298 K, reflect …
The Law's Response To Reproductive Genetic Testing: Questioning Assumptions About Choice, Causation And Control, Karen H. Rothenberg
The Law's Response To Reproductive Genetic Testing: Questioning Assumptions About Choice, Causation And Control, Karen H. Rothenberg
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Formation Of A Square-Planar Co(I) B12 Intermediate. Implications For Enzyme Catalysis, Mark R. Chance
Formation Of A Square-Planar Co(I) B12 Intermediate. Implications For Enzyme Catalysis, Mark R. Chance
Faculty Scholarship
X-ray edge and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques provide powerful tools for analysis of local molecular structure of complexes in solution. We present EXAFS results for Co(I) B12 that demonstrate a four-coordinate (distorted) square-planar configuration. Comparison of EXAFS solutions for Co(I) and Co(II) B12 (collected previously; Sagi et al. 1990. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112:8639–8644) suggest that modulation of the Co-N bond to the axial 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB), in the absence of changes in Co-N (equatorial) bond distances, may be a key mechanism in promoting homolytic versus heterolytic cleavage. As Co-C bond homolysis occurs, the Co-N (DMB) bond becomes …
Evidence For Proximal Control Of Ligand Specificity In Hemeproteins: Absorption And Raman Studies Of Cryogenically Trapped Photoproducts Of Ligand Bound Myoglobins, Mark R. Chance
Faculty Scholarship
The absorption and resonance Raman spectra of cryogenically trapped photoproducts of oxy and carboxy derivatives of myoglobin (Mb) are compared and analyzed in an attempt to understand the structural basis for ligand specificity in hemeproteins. Pulsed and cw excitations over a wide temperature range are used in order to differentiate between kinetic hole burning (KHB), optical pumping of structural relaxation, and spontaneous relaxation effects. Using these techniques, we are able to correlate changes in the absorption spectrum (band III at ≈ 760 nm) with low-frequency Raman bands. Based on these correlations we are able to determine which proximal heme pocket …
Introduction: The Right To Die After Cruzan, Diane E. Hoffmann
Introduction: The Right To Die After Cruzan, Diane E. Hoffmann
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Of Mice But Not Men: Problems Of The Randomized Clinical Trial, Samuel Hellman, Deborah Hellman
Of Mice But Not Men: Problems Of The Randomized Clinical Trial, Samuel Hellman, Deborah Hellman
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Regulating Ethics Committees In Health Care Institutions - Is It Time?, Diane E. Hoffmann
Regulating Ethics Committees In Health Care Institutions - Is It Time?, Diane E. Hoffmann
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Intoxication And Aggression, Jeffrey Fagan
Intoxication And Aggression, Jeffrey Fagan
Faculty Scholarship
Evidence of an association between use of illicit substances and aggressive behavior is pervasive. But the precise causal mechanisms by which aggression is influenced by intoxicants are still not well understood. Research on intoxication and aggression often has overlooked the nonviolent behavior of most substance users, controlled use of substances, and the evidence from other cultures of a weak or nonexistent relation between substance use and aggression. There is only limited evidence that ingestion of substances is a direct, pharmacological cause of aggression. The temporal order of substance use and aggression does not indicate a causal role for intoxicants. Research …
Psychosocial, Legal, And Ethical Dimensions Of Ultrasound Imaging In Pregnancy, Karen H. Rothenberg
Psychosocial, Legal, And Ethical Dimensions Of Ultrasound Imaging In Pregnancy, Karen H. Rothenberg
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Standards Of Medical Care Based On Consensus Rather Than Evidence: The Case Of Routine Bedrail Use For The Elderly, Howard S. Rubenstein, Frances H. Miller, Sholem Postel, Hilda B. Evans
Standards Of Medical Care Based On Consensus Rather Than Evidence: The Case Of Routine Bedrail Use For The Elderly, Howard S. Rubenstein, Frances H. Miller, Sholem Postel, Hilda B. Evans
Faculty Scholarship
“An 88-year-old male patient was found on his hands and knees on the floor beside his bed. The bedrails were up.”—From an indent report filed by a nurse at the Stillman Infirmary, University Health Services, Harvard University, in May 1980.
Finding elderly patients lying on the floor beside their beds despite the presence of elevated bedrails seems paradoxical: how can a patient fall out of bed when the bedrails are up? Surprisingly, this paradox constitutes one of the leading incidents plaguing hospitals in the United States today. It exemplifies a much larger problem created, we believe, by the uncritical adoption …