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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Evaluating Therapy Outcome At A University Counseling Center Wit The College Adjustment Scales, Timothy B. Smith, Mark A. Nafziger, Gwenna C. Couillard Jan 1999

Evaluating Therapy Outcome At A University Counseling Center Wit The College Adjustment Scales, Timothy B. Smith, Mark A. Nafziger, Gwenna C. Couillard

Faculty Publications

To assess the effectiveness of time-limited therapy in a university counseling center, 333 clients' pre-counseling and post-sixth session College Adjustment Scales (CAS) scores were compared. Statistical significant decreases in reported symptomatology were found on all CAS scales. Analyses of CAS data for students who were notably distressed prior to receiving counseling also yielded statistically significant differences, with effect sizes revealing moderate to large decreases in symptomatology. Further replicative work is recommended to document the impact and effectiveness of counseling center services.

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Acoustic And Perceptual Improvements In Tracheoesophageal Voice Using A Neck Strap, Christopher Dromey, Carol Kapusta-Shemie Jan 1999

Acoustic And Perceptual Improvements In Tracheoesophageal Voice Using A Neck Strap, Christopher Dromey, Carol Kapusta-Shemie

Faculty Publications

Tracheoesophageal (TE) speech, which relies on pulmonary air directed through a one-way valve from the trachea to the esophagus, has become an effective means of voice restoration for many alaryngeal speakers. Whereas the success rate for TE speech has been reported to reach 80% to 90%, complications are not uncommon. In a few cases, pouching of the neck at the level of the neoglottis has been observed. This has previously been reported to negatively affect functional communication, and has been associated with a flaccid or hypnotic vibratory segment. The application of pressure, either manually or by way of a neck …

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Academic Comparison Of Athletes And Non-Athletes In A Rural High School, Holt E Zaugg Sep 1998

Academic Comparison Of Athletes And Non-Athletes In A Rural High School, Holt E Zaugg

Faculty Publications

This study compares academic performance, behavior, and commitment of basketball and volleyball athletes and non-athletes in a rural Canadian high school. It compares mid-term and final grades in each school discipline; visits to an administrator for disciplinary visits; and demerit points for improper behavior; and estimates the mean weekly time commitment for athletes in each sport.

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Development And Testing Of A Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire For Use In Kerala, India, James R. Hébert, Prakash C. Gupta, Ramesh B. Bhonsle, P. R. Murti, Hemali Mehta, Florence Verghese, Mira Aghi, Kamala Krishnaswamy, Fali S. Mehta Jun 1998

Development And Testing Of A Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire For Use In Kerala, India, James R. Hébert, Prakash C. Gupta, Ramesh B. Bhonsle, P. R. Murti, Hemali Mehta, Florence Verghese, Mira Aghi, Kamala Krishnaswamy, Fali S. Mehta

Faculty Publications

Objective: To develop and test a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for use in rural areas of Kerala, India. Design: Based on food use and market surveys of the study area, a quantitative 81- item interviewer-administered FFQ was developed. A validation study was conducted consisting of 24-h diet recalls (24HR) administered on 8 days randomly selected over an entire year and two administrations of the FFQ, one at the beginning of the l-year period and the other at the end. FFQ and 24HR-derived nutrient scores were compared using correlation and regression analyses and by examining differences in the nutrient scores. Setting: …

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Mla's Professional Development Program: How We Took Control Of Our Future, Fred W. Roper Apr 1998

Mla's Professional Development Program: How We Took Control Of Our Future, Fred W. Roper

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Intentional Changes In Sound Pressure Level And Rate: Their Impact On Measures Of Respiration, Phonation, And Articulation, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig Jan 1998

Intentional Changes In Sound Pressure Level And Rate: Their Impact On Measures Of Respiration, Phonation, And Articulation, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig

Faculty Publications

The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL) and rate on respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory behavior during sentence production. Ten subjects, 5 men and 5 women, repeated the sentence, "I sell a sapapple again," under 5 SPL and 5 rate conditions. From a multi-channel recording, measures were made of lung volume (LV), SPL, fundamental frequency (F0), semitone standard deviation (STSD), and upper and lower lip displacements and peak velocities. Loud speech led to increases in LV initiation, LV termination, F0, STSD, and articulatory displacements and peak velocities for both lips. Token-to-token variability …

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Approximations Of Open Quotient And Speed Quotient From Glottal Airflow And Egg Waveforms: Effects Of Measurement Criteria And Sound Pressure Level, Christopher Dromey, Christine M. Sapienza, Elaine T. Stathopoulos Jan 1998

Approximations Of Open Quotient And Speed Quotient From Glottal Airflow And Egg Waveforms: Effects Of Measurement Criteria And Sound Pressure Level, Christopher Dromey, Christine M. Sapienza, Elaine T. Stathopoulos

Faculty Publications

Summary: Noninvasive measures of vocal fold activity are useful for describing normal and disordered voice production. Measures of open and speed quotient from glottal airflow and electroglottographic (EGG) waveforms have been used to describe timing events associated with vocal fold vibration. To date, there has been little consistency in the measurement criteria used to calculate quotient values. In this study, criteria of 20% and 50% were applied to the AC amplitude of glottal airflow and inverted EGG waveforms for measurement of open quotient. Criteria of 20%, 50%, and 80%, and a midslope criterion that segmented the waveform between 20% and …

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Autopsy In The Cancer Patient: The Nurse's Role, Patricia Rushton Sep 1997

Autopsy In The Cancer Patient: The Nurse's Role, Patricia Rushton

Faculty Publications

Nurses spend many hours with dying cancer patients, developing close relationships with both the patients and their families. However, nurses are frequently not involved in the process of requesting an autopsy, either by choice or tradition. During this time of great stress, the nurse can be more involved. The nurse who understands the reasons for autopsy and its ramification for the grieving process can be actively involved in supporting the physician who makes the request and the family members who must make the this difficult decision. It is possible that the nurse can be the health team member designated to …

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Appreciation, Please, Patricia Rushton Sep 1997

Appreciation, Please, Patricia Rushton

Faculty Publications

The question to be addressed in this study is "Why do actively employed registered nurses work?" The goal of the study is to determine what factor financial reimbursement is in maintaining active employment as a nurse.

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Paying For Suffering: The Problem Of Human Experimentation, Larry I. Palmer Apr 1997

Paying For Suffering: The Problem Of Human Experimentation, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Ability Of Children With Specific Language Impairment To Participate In A Group Decision Task, Lee Robinson, Martin Fujiki, Bonnie Brinton, Valyne J. Watson Jan 1997

The Ability Of Children With Specific Language Impairment To Participate In A Group Decision Task, Lee Robinson, Martin Fujiki, Bonnie Brinton, Valyne J. Watson

Faculty Publications

This study examined the ability of 6 children with specific language impairment (SLI), ages 8:10 to 12:5 (years; months), to participate in a group negotiation task. Each child interacted with two peers to select toys that children their age would enjoy. Performance was compared to both chronological age-similar (CS) peers and language similar (LS) peers performing the same task. Analyses of the resulting interactions indicated that subjects with SLI produced significantly fewer utterances than the other children in the triad. Similar differences were not observed in the CS or LS triads. Additionally, significantly fewer utterances were addressed to the children …

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Private Commissions, Assisted Reproduction, And Lawyering, Larry I. Palmer Jan 1997

Private Commissions, Assisted Reproduction, And Lawyering, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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An Evaluation Of The Clinical Utility Of The College Adjustment Scales, Timothy B. Smith, Mark A. Nafziger, Gwenna C. Couillard Jan 1997

An Evaluation Of The Clinical Utility Of The College Adjustment Scales, Timothy B. Smith, Mark A. Nafziger, Gwenna C. Couillard

Faculty Publications

Comparisons of College Adjustment Scales (CAS) profiles with interview data from 748 clients generally supported the clinical usefulness of the CAS, although further refinements appear warranted.

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The Ability Of Children With Specific Language Impairment To Access And Participate In An Ongoing Interaction, Lee Robinson, Martin Fujiki, Julie Campbell Spencer Jan 1997

The Ability Of Children With Specific Language Impairment To Access And Participate In An Ongoing Interaction, Lee Robinson, Martin Fujiki, Julie Campbell Spencer

Faculty Publications

This study investigated the ability of 6 children with specific language impairment (SLI), ages 8;10 to 12;5 (years;months), to enter and participate in an ongoing dyadic interaction. Performance was compared to that of 6 chronological age-matched (CA) peers and 6 language-similar (LS) peers. All children in the LS and CA groups successfully accessed the interaction, and most did so quickly. Two children from the SLI group did not access, and the 4 remaining subjects required varying amounts of time to access. Following successful access, the triadic interactions of subjects were examined. The accessing children with SU talked significantly less, were …

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Collaboration In A Continuum Of Learning: Developing The Next Generation Of Leadership, Fred W. Roper, Daniel D. Barron, Carla J. Funk Oct 1996

Collaboration In A Continuum Of Learning: Developing The Next Generation Of Leadership, Fred W. Roper, Daniel D. Barron, Carla J. Funk

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Methazolamide For Essential Voice Tremor, Christopher Dromey, Karen Busenbark, L Ramig, William C. Koller Jan 1996

Methazolamide For Essential Voice Tremor, Christopher Dromey, Karen Busenbark, L Ramig, William C. Koller

Faculty Publications

We studied the safety and efficacy of methazolamide (average dose 168 mg/day) in a placebo-controlled blinded investigation in nine patients with essential voice tremor. There were no significant differences for physician or patient clinical rating scores. Digital audio tape recordings showed no difference for amplitude modulation, but frequency modulation was significantly altered by methazolamide. Side effects were common with the drug. We conclude that methazolamide has limited usefulness in the treatment of essential voice tremor.

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Aerodynamic Mechanisms Underlying Treatment-Related Changes In Vocal Intensity In Patients With Parkinson Disease, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig Jan 1996

Aerodynamic Mechanisms Underlying Treatment-Related Changes In Vocal Intensity In Patients With Parkinson Disease, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to document changes in aerodynamic and glottographic aspects of vocal function in patients with Parkinson disease who received two forms of high effort treatment. Previous reports (Ramig, Countryman, Thompson, & Horii, 1995) have documented increased sound pressure level (SPL) following treatment that trained phonation and respiration (Lee Silverman Voice Treatment: LSVT), but not for treatment that trained respiration only (R). In order to examine the mechanisms underlying these differences, measures of maximum flow declination rate (MFDR) and estimated subglottal pressure (Psub)were made before and after treatment. A measure of relative vocal fold adduction (EGGW) …

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God's Perspectives On Health, P. Gerard Damsteegt Jan 1996

God's Perspectives On Health, P. Gerard Damsteegt

Faculty Publications

As Creator, God knows exactly what it takes to keep the humanbody in excellent health, and because health depends so much onour life-style, God is intimately concerned about how we live. Nowonder, then, that the Bible gives so much sound instruction onhow to maintain our health. As we study God’s Word, we come torealize that many of the current practices of preventive medicinecome straight from Him— medicine is finally catching up with thecounsels of Scripture. Let us take another look at what the Biblesays.

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A Quasi-One-Dimensional Theory For Anisotropic Propagation Of Excitation In Cardiac Muscle, Jiashin Wu, Edward A. Johnson, J. Mailen Kootsey Jan 1996

A Quasi-One-Dimensional Theory For Anisotropic Propagation Of Excitation In Cardiac Muscle, Jiashin Wu, Edward A. Johnson, J. Mailen Kootsey

Faculty Publications

It has been shown that propagation of excitation in cardiac muscle is anisotropic. Compared to propagation at right angles to the long axes of the fibers, propagation along the long axis is faster, the extracellular action potential (AP) is larger in amplitude, and the intracellular AP has a lower maximum rate of depolarization, a larger time constant of the foot, and a lower peak amplitude. These observations are contrary to the predictions of classical one-dimensional (1-D) cable theory and, thus far, no satisfactory theory for them has been reported. As an alternative description of propagation in cardiac muscle, this study …

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The Parkinson Larynx: Tremor And Videostroboscopic Findings, Christopher Dromey, Kathe S. Perez, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Marshall E. Smith Jan 1996

The Parkinson Larynx: Tremor And Videostroboscopic Findings, Christopher Dromey, Kathe S. Perez, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Marshall E. Smith

Faculty Publications

Summary: Patients with Parkinson's disease have a high incidence of speech, voice, and laryngeal abnormalities. To characterize laryngeal abnormalities, visual-perceptual ratings of endoscopic and stroboscopic examinations of 22 patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and 7 patients with Parkinson's-plus syndromes were carried out by four trained viewers. Incidence of tremor, tremor location, phase closure, phase symmetry, amplitude, and mucosal waveform were scored. Tremor was observed in one or more of these conditions--rest, normal pitch and loudness, or loud phonation--for most of the 29 patients. Fifty-five percent of the idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients had tremor, with the primary location being vertical …

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The Effects Of Malnutrition On Child Mortality In Developing Countries, D.L. Pelletier, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., D.G. Schroeder, J.P. Habicht Jan 1995

The Effects Of Malnutrition On Child Mortality In Developing Countries, D.L. Pelletier, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., D.G. Schroeder, J.P. Habicht

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Student Evaluations Of Teaching Effectiveness: The Interpretation Of Observational Data And The Principle Of Faute De Mieux, B. Burt Gerstman Jan 1995

Student Evaluations Of Teaching Effectiveness: The Interpretation Of Observational Data And The Principle Of Faute De Mieux, B. Burt Gerstman

Faculty Publications

Student opinion surveys are important but widely misunderstood tools for evaluating teaching effectiveness. In this brief review, an analogy is drawn between the use and interpretation of observational data for public health and biomedical research and the use of student opinion data in evaluating teach ing effectiveness. Sources of systematic error in the form of selection bias, information bias, and confounding are defined and illustrated. Original data concerning intermittent "quid pro quo" confounding (i.e., the effect of expected grades on student evaluations of teaching) are presented. Finally, the principle of faute de mieux ("lack of anything better") and the interpretation …

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Phonatory And Articulatory Changes Associated With Increased Vocal Intensity In Parkinson Disease: A Case Study, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Antonia B. Johnson Jan 1995

Phonatory And Articulatory Changes Associated With Increased Vocal Intensity In Parkinson Disease: A Case Study, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Antonia B. Johnson

Faculty Publications

This study examined changes in voice and speech production in a patient with Parkinson disease as he increased vocal intensity following 1 month of intensive voice treatment. Phonatory function and articulatory acoustic measures were made before and after treatment as well as 6 and 12 months later. Pre- to post-treatment increases were documented in sound pressure level in sustained phonation, syllable repetition, reading, and monologue. Consistent with mechanisms of intensity change reported in normal speakers, corresponding improvements were measured in estimated subglottal pressure, maximum flow declination rate, laryngeal airway resistance, open quotient, EGGW-25, harmonic-spectral slope, and maximum vowel duration. Measures …

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Life, Death And Public Policy, Larry I. Palmer Jan 1995

Life, Death And Public Policy, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Intensive Voice Treatment In Parkinson Disease: Laryngostroboscopic Findings, Christopher Dromey, Marshall E. Smith, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Kathe S. Perez, Raz Samandari Jan 1995

Intensive Voice Treatment In Parkinson Disease: Laryngostroboscopic Findings, Christopher Dromey, Marshall E. Smith, Lorraine Olson Ramig, Kathe S. Perez, Raz Samandari

Faculty Publications

Summary: As part of ongoing research to investigate and document the efficacy of intensive voice therapy to improve functional communication in patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease, 45 patients were enrolled in a controlled, randomized, prospective study. Pre- to posttreatment comparisons are presented here on 22 of those patients who underwent laryngeal imaging examination. Of the 22 patients, 13 patients received intensive therapy aimed at increasing vocal and respiratory effort (VR), whereas nine received intensive therapy aimed at increasing respiratory effort (R) only. All patients had a pretreatment evaluation that included two (but sometimes only one) voice recordings and an otolaryngologic …

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Fibrinolytic Responses To Moderate Intensity Exercise: Comparison Of Physically Active And Inactive Men, Linda M. Szymanski, Russell R. Pate Nov 1994

Fibrinolytic Responses To Moderate Intensity Exercise: Comparison Of Physically Active And Inactive Men, Linda M. Szymanski, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

The purposes of this study were to compare fibrinolytic responses to moderate intensity exercise in physically active and inactive men and during morning and evening exercise. Fourteen physically inactive men (mean age, 34.7 ± 4.0 years) and 12 regularly active men (34.8 ± 4.0 years) performed two exercise sessions, morning and evening, at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) andplasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity were measured before and after exercise. Data were analyzed using a three-way ANOVA with repeated measures. TPA actively increased with exercise in both groups, although the active group demonstrated greater increases than the …

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Descriptive Epidemiology Of Physical Activity In Adolescents, Russell R. Pate, Barbara J. Long, Gregory W. Heath Nov 1994

Descriptive Epidemiology Of Physical Activity In Adolescents, Russell R. Pate, Barbara J. Long, Gregory W. Heath

Faculty Publications

This paper reviews the descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in adolescents. Large population-based studies were reviewed, along with smaller studies using objective monitoring of physical activity. Estimates showed that adolescents engage in physical activity of any intensity for a mean of one hour per day. Approximately two thirds of males and one quarter of females participate in moderate to vigorous activity for 20 min 3 or more days per week. Activity levels decline with increasing age across adolescence, and this decrease is more marked in females than in males. Comparison of these data to physical activity guidelines for adolescents suggests …

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Who Are The Parents Biotechnological Children?, Larry I. Palmer Oct 1994

Who Are The Parents Biotechnological Children?, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

We do not underestimate the difficulties of legislating on this subject. In addition to the inevitable confrontation with the ethical and moral issues involved, there is the question of the wisdom and effectiveness of regulating a matter so private, yet of such public interest. Legislative consideration of surrogacy may also provide the opportunity to begin to focus on the overall implications of the new reproductive biotechnology- in vitro fertilization, preservation of sperms and eggs, embryo implantation and the like. The problem is how to enjoy the benefits of the technology-especially for infertile couples-while minimizing the risk of abuse. The problem …

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A Rejoinder, Larry I. Palmer Oct 1994

A Rejoinder, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Aging And Exercise: A Health Perspective, Joanna L. Bokovoy, Steven N. Blair Jul 1994

Aging And Exercise: A Health Perspective, Joanna L. Bokovoy, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Habitual exercise provides protection against fatal coronary heart disease, extends longevity, and enhances quality of life. National surveys show less physical activity in older men and women compared with middle-aged and younger persons; older women are particularly sedentary. Although there are still few longitudinal studies on exercise and physical activity in older individuals, the data support a positive relationship between physical activity and health function in older individuals. The data further show that with regular physical activity, health and fitness are maintained or even increased over time in older individuals. Studies on physical activity requirements for beneficial health effects in …

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