Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Domain Rearrangement And Denaturation In Ebola Virus Protein Vp40, Rudramani Pokhrel, Pornthep Sompornpisut, Prem Chapagain, Brian Olson, Bernard Gertsman, Ras B. Pandey

Faculty Publications

The VP40 protein plays a critical role in coordinating the virion assembly, budding, and replication of the Ebola virus. Efforts have been made in recent years to understand various aspects of VP40 structure, dynamics, and function such as assembly of the protein and its roles in virus replication and penetration of the protein into the plasma membrane. A major conformational transformation is necessary for VP40 to form some of its oligomeric structures and to perform various functions. This conformational change from a compact structure with the N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) closely associated involves a dissociation or springing-out …

Speech Fluency In Acquired Apraxia Of Speech During Narrative Discourse: Group Comparisons And Dual Task Effects, Tyson G. Harmon, Adam Jacks, Katarina L. Haley

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Slowed speech and interruptions to the flow of connected speech are common in aphasia. These features are also observed during dual task performance for neurotypical adults. The purposes of this study were to determine (a) whether indices of fluency related to cognitive-linguistic versus motor processing would differ between speakers with aphasia plus AOS and speakers with aphasia only and (b) whether cognitive load reduces fluency in speakers with aphasia with and without AOS.

Method: Fourteen speakers with aphasia (seven with AOS) and seven neurotypical controls retold short stories alone (single task) and while simultaneously distinguishing between a high and …

Positive Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index And The Risk Of Osteoporosis: Results From The Koges_Health Examinee (Hexa) Cohort Study, Hye Sun Kim, Cheongmin Sohn, Minji Kwon, Woori Na, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Mi Kyung Kim

Faculty Publications

Previous studies have found that diet’s inflammatory potential is related to various diseases. However, little is known about its relationship with osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and osteoporosis risk in a large-scale prospective cohort study in Korea. This prospective cohort study included 159,846 participants (men 57,740; women 102,106) from South Korea with a mean follow-up of 7.9 years. The DII was calculated through a validated semi-quantitative FFQ (SQFFQ), and information on osteoporosis was self-reported by the participants. Analyses were performed by using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. …

Precision Of Provider Licensure Data For Mapping Member Accessibility To Medicaid Managed Care Provider Networks, Nathaniel Bell, Ana Lòpez-Defede, Rebecca Wilkerson, Kathy Mayfield-Smith

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

In July 2018, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) updated its Medicaid Managed Care (MMC) regulations that govern network and access standards for enrollees. There have been few published studies of whether there is accurate geographic information on primary care providers to monitor network adequacy.

METHODS:

We analyzed a sample of nurse practitioner (NP) and physician address data registered in the state labor, licensing, and regulation (LLR) boards and the National Provider Index (NPI) using employment location data contained in the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) data file. Our main outcome measures were address discordance (%) at the …

“For Lack Of Knowledge, Our People Will Perish”: Using Focus Group Methodology To Explore African-American Communities’ Perceptions Of Breast Cancer And The Environment, Kaleea Lewis, Shibani Kulkarni, Swann Arp Adams, Heather M. Brandt, Jamie R. Lead, John R. Ureda, Delores Fedrick, Chris Mathews, Daniela B. Friedman

Faculty Publications

Among women living in the United States, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death. Disproportionate racial disparities in breast cancer exist, with African American (AA) women consistently having the highest rates of breast cancer related mortality despite lower incidence. This study attends to the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) call to action recommending the identification of effective strategies for communicating accurate and reliable breast cancer risk information to diverse audiences. Using focus group methodology, this study explores how AAs perceive and decipher information related to breast cancer and its relationship to their environment. Six focus groups were conducted. …

Forensic Nursing: Overview Of A Growing Profession, Julie L. Valentine

Faculty Publications

IN THE CURRENT ERA of the #MeToo movement and prominent sexual assault disclosures, these types of crimes are finally receiving the attention they deserve. Our society is acknowledging what research has been telling us for years about the high incidence of sexual violence in the United States. According to a recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report, more than 36% of women have experienced contact sexual violence in their lifetime and 19% have experienced attempted or completed rape. Men also report high rates of sexual violence; more than 17% have experienced some form of contact sexual violence in …

Bloodstream Infection Due To Piperacillin/Tazobactam Non-Susceptible, Cephalosporin Susceptible Escherichia Coli: A Missed Opportunity For De-Escalation Of Therapy, Leah Carlisle, Julie Ann Justo, Majdi N. Al-Hasan

Faculty Publications

An increasing number of reports describing Escherichia coli isolates with piperacillin/tazobactam resistance, despite retained cephalosporin susceptibility, suggest further emergence of this phenotypic resistance pattern. In this report, a patient with metastatic breast cancer presented to medical care after two days of chills, nausea, vomiting, reduced oral intake, and generalized weakness. Blood and urine cultures grew E. coli as identified by rapid diagnostics multiplex PCR and MALDI-TOF, respectively. The patient continued to manifest signs of sepsis with hypotension and tachypnea during the first three days of hospitalization despite empirical antimicrobial therapy with intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam. After in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated …

Walkable Urban Design Attributes And Japanese Older Adults' Body Mass Index: Mediation Effects Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior, Mohammad Javad Koohsari, Andrew T. Kaczynski, Tomoki Nakaya, Ai Shibata, Kaori Ishii, Akitomo Yasunaga, Ellen W. Stowe, Tomoya Hanibuchi, Koichiro Oka

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine associations between objectively measured walkable urban design attributes with Japanese older adults’ body mass index (BMI) and to test whether objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior mediated such associations.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

Participants: Participants were 297 older residents (aged 65-84 years) randomly selected from the registry of residential addresses.

Measures: Walkable urban design attributes, including population density, availability of physical activity facilities, intersection density, and access to public transportation stations, were calculated using geographic information systems. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and BMI were measured objectively. …

Military-Related Exposures, Social Determinants Of Health, And Dysbiosis: The United States-Veteran Microbiome Project (Us-Vmp), Lisa A. Brenner, Andrew J. Hoisington, Kelly A. Stearns-Yoder, Christopher E. Stamper, Jared A. Heinze, Teodor T. Postolache, Daniel A. Hadidi, Claire A. Hoffmire, Maggie A. Stanislawski

Faculty Publications

Significant effort has been put forth to increase understanding regarding the role of the human microbiome in health- and disease-related processes. In turn, the United States (US) Veteran Microbiome Project (US-VMP) was conceptualized as a means by which to serially collect microbiome and health-related data from those seeking care within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). In this manuscript, exposures related to military experiences, as well as conditions and health-related factors among patients seen in VHA clinical settings are discussed in relation to common psychological and physical outcomes. Upon enrollment in the study, Veterans complete psychometrically sound (i.e., reliable and valid) …

A Program To Treat Hepatitis B In North Korea: A Model Of Antiviral Therapy In A Resource-Poor Setting, Marcia Ann Kilsby, Alice Unah Lee, Heidi Linton, David C. Hilmers

Faculty Publications

Despite the well-proven, safe and effective therapies for hepatitis B infection, delivery of treatment remains a significant challenge in resource-poor settings. Geopolitical and economic restrictions present additional difficulties in providing care in North Korea. However, treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B remains a top priority for both the North Korean Ministry of Public Health and international agencies working in North Korean hepatitis healthcare facilities. Working in partnership, a path was created to institute this much-needed program. A consortium of United States and Australian humanitarian non-governmental organizations along with generous individual and corporate donors working in concert with local and …

Experiences Of Commercially Sexually Exploited Youth In The United States: A Qualitative Systematic Review, Michelle Hampton, Michelle Lieggi

Faculty Publications

Background: Youth at highest risk for commercial sexual exploitation in the United States (US) are runaway, homeless, and transgender youth. Despite the availability of research evidence pertaining to this phenomenon, there is a lack of research synthesis to enable easy access and use by health professionals and others who serve this population. This review’s purpose was to aggregate the qualitative evidence regarding commercially sexually exploited youth (CSEY) in the US to inform the development of appropriate interventions and response systems. Methods: The search included published and unpublished qualitative studies with current or former CSEY who resided in the US. Results: …

Patient Perceptions Of Their Own Data In Mhealth Technology–Enabled N-Of-1 Trials For Chronic Pain: Qualitative Study, Robin Whitney, Deborah Ward, Maria Marois, Christopher Schmid, Ida Sim, Richard Kravitz

Faculty Publications

Background: N-of-1 (individual comparison) trials are a promising approach for comparing the effectiveness of 2 or more treatments for individual patients; yet, few studies have qualitatively examined how patients use and make sense of their own patient-generated health data (PGHD) in the context of N-of-1 trials. Objective: The objective of our study was to explore chronic pain patients’ perceptions about the PGHD they compiled while comparing 2 chronic pain treatments and tracking their symptoms using a smartphone N-of-1 app in collaboration with their clinicians. Methods: Semistructured interviews were recorded with 33 patients, a consecutive subset of the intervention group in …

Effects Of Pain Neuroscience Education On Physician Assistant Students Understanding Of Pain And Attitudes And Beliefs About Pain., Kory Zimney, Adriaan Louw, Julie Johnson, Suzanne Peppers, Kevin Farrell

Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: Evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of two different pain neuroscience education (PNE) lectures provided to physician assistant (PA) students. Primary outcomes explored were knowledge of pain and shift in attitudes and beliefs about chronic pain after the lecture.

METHODS: A PNE lecture was provided at two separate university PA programs. One program received a two-hour PNE lecture with a case-based example. The other program received a one-hour PNE lecture without the casebased example. Measurement of change for pre and post-test pain knowledge and attitudes and beliefs about chronic pain were recorded.

RESULTS: Students at both universities showed medium effect …

Multidisciplinary Authorship Among Infectious Diseases Society Of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Examining The Contributions Of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists, Lauren K. Freeman, Jasmine N. Lindsay, Sarah Elizabeth Davis, Brian F. Norman, April W. Thompkins, Vera P. Luther, Christopher A. Ohl, P Brandon Bookstaver

Faculty Publications

We describe the proportion of pharmacist representation among current and corresponding prior editions of Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Pharmacist representation was 13% and 21% in previous and current editions, respectively, increasing significantly since 2011. We advocate for continued collaborations between IDSA and pharmacy organizations to enhance multidisciplinary representation in CPGs.

Hpv-Related Cancer Prevention And Control Programs At Community-Based Hiv/Aids Service Organizations: Implications For Future Engagement, Lisa T. Wigfall, Shalanda A. Bynum, Heather M. Brandt, Neethu Sebastian, Marcia G. Ory

Faculty Publications

People living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and, men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by genital warts and cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). We assessed community-based HIV/AIDS service organizations' (ASOs) staff awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about HPV and effective cancer prevention tools, namely HPV vaccination, Pap, and HPV tests. The potential engagement of ASO staff in future efforts to reduce the disproportionate burden of genital warts and HPV-related cancers among HIV-positive women and MSM was explored. In May-June 2016, staff were recruited from three ASOs located in the South United States Census …

Modification Of Asphalt Rubber With Nanoclay Towards Enhanced Storage Stability, Song-Yi Park, Minji Kang, Lynne Wilkens, Yurii Shvetsov, Brook Harmon, Nitin Shivappa, Michael Wirth, James R. Hébert, Christopher Haiman, Loïc Le Marchand, Carol Boushey

Faculty Publications

Asphalt rubber (AR), which is prepared by blending crumb rubber and bitumen, provides various advantages, including superior rutting resistance, lower road-tire noise and longer service life. However, contractors have expressed concerns regarding its poor storage stability, which in turn limits its wider application. This study aims to address the storage stability concern by incorporating nano-montmorillonite (nanoclay). Three types of nanoclay were dispersed into hot AR binder by high shear blending. The rheological properties of nanoclay-crumb rubber modifier (CRM)-modified bitumen were evaluated through Superpave performance grade (PG) tests and the storage stability was characterized by measuring the difference in softening points …

Understanding Dyslexia In The Context Of Developmental Language Disorders, Suzanne M. Adlof, Tiffany P. Hogan

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this tutorial is to discuss the language basis of dyslexia in the context of developmental language disorders (DLDs). Whereas most studies have focused on the phonological skills of children with dyslexia, we bring attention to broader language skills. Method: We conducted a focused literature review on the language basis of dyslexia from historical and theoretical perspectives with a special emphasis on the relation between dyslexia and DLD and on the development of broader language skills (e.g., vocabulary, syntax, and discourse) before and after the identification of dyslexia. Results: We present clinically relevant information on the history …

Napnap Position Statement On Immunizations, Lacey Eden, Cheryl Cairns, Karlen E. (Beth) Luthy, Mary Koslap-Petraco

Faculty Publications

The National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) supports the timely and complete immunization of all infants, children, adolescents, and adults in an attempt to maximize the health and wellbeing of all people. Routine childhood immunizations prevent as many as 3 million deaths per year. In addition, 1.5 million deaths per year could be avoided if global vaccination efforts continue to improve (World Health Organization, 2017).

A Mobile Smoking Cessation Intervention For Mexico (Vive Sin Tabaco... ¡Decídete!): Single-Arm Pilot Study, Ana Paula Cupertino, Francisco Cartujano-Barrera, Mariana Ramírez, Rosibel Rodríguez-Bolaños, James F. Thrasher, Gloria Pérez-Rubio, Ramcés Falfán-Valencia, Edward F. Ellerbeck, Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu

Faculty Publications

Background: Of the 14.3 million Mexicans who smoke, only a minority take advantage of evidence-based approaches to smoking cessation. Mobile health interventions have the potential to increase the reach of effective cessation interventions in Mexico.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an innovative, personalized, and interactive smoking cessation mobile intervention developed for Mexican smokers.

Methods: We recruited 40 Mexican smokers to participate in Vive sin Tabaco... ¡Decídete!, a smoking cessation program that uses a tablet-based decision support software to drive a 12-week text messaging smoking cessation program and pharmacotherapy support. Outcome measures included participant text …

Concentrations Of Nicotine, Nitrosamines, And Humectants In Legal And Illegal Cigarettes In Mexico, Ariela Braverman-Bronstein, James F. Thrasher, Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, Mauricio Hernández-Ávila, Tonatiuh Barrientos Gutierrez

Faculty Publications

Background: Article 10 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control states the need for industry disclosure of tobacco contents and emissions. Currently, the profiles of key tobacco compounds in legal and illegal cigarettes are largely unknown. We aimed to analyze and compare concentrations of nicotine, nitrosamines, and humectants in legal and illegal cigarettes collected from a representative sample of smokers.

Methods: Participants of the International Tobacco Control cohort provided a cigarette pack of the brand they smoked during the 2014 wave. Brands were classified as legal or illegal according to the Mexican legislation. Nicotine, nitrosamines, glycerol, propylene …

Proposing A Transactional Model Of Ehealth Literacy: Concept Analysis, Samantha R. Paige, Michael Stellefson, Janice L. Krieger, Charkarra Anderson-Lewis, Jeewon Cheong, Christine Stopka

Faculty Publications

Background: Electronic health (eHealth) literacy was conceptualized in 2006 as the ability of internet users to locate, evaluate, and act upon web-based health information. Now, advances in eHealth technology have cultivated transactional opportunities for patients to access, share, and monitor health information. However, empirical evidence shows that existing models and measures of eHealth literacy have limited theoretical underpinnings that reflect the transactional capabilities of eHealth. This paper describes a conceptual model based on the Transactional Model of Communication (TMC), in which eHealth literacy is described as an intrapersonal skillset hypothesized as being dynamic; reciprocal; and shaped by social, relational, and …

A Requirement For Slc15a4 In Imiquimod-Induced Systemic Inflammation And Psoriasiform Inflammation In Mice, Alexis D. Griffith, Asifa K. Zaidi, Ashley Pietro, Matthew Hadiono, Jessica S. Yang, Rachel Davis, Daniel L. Popkin

Faculty Publications

There is competing evidence that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), the most potent source of IFN-I, may initiate psoriasis. We targeted pDC function using the slc15a4 loss-of-function mouse whose pDC are unresponsive to TLR agonists. slc15a4 treated with the topical TLR7-agonist imiquimod (IMQ) demonstrated decreased epidermal thickening 24 hours post-treatment which was more pronounced by day 5 as compared to wildtype mice. These findings were specific to the acute IMQ model and not the protracted IL23 model that drives inflammation downstream of TLR activation. Systemically, slc15a4 was required for IMQ-induced weight loss and cutaneous accumulation of CD4+ and Siglec H+, but …

Left Ventricular Mechanical Dyssynchrony For Cad Diagnosis: Does It Have Incremental Clinical Values?, Zhixin Jiang, Weihua Zhou

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Ubiquitin Receptor Rpn13 Mediates The Inhibitory Interaction Of Diphenyldihaloketones Clefma And Ef24 With The 26s Proteasome, Geeta Rao, Gregory Nkepang, Jian Xu, Hooman Yari, Hailey Houson, Chengwen Teng Pharm.D., Ph.D., Vibhudutta Awasthi

Faculty Publications

The proteasome is a validated target in drug discovery for diseases associated with unusual proteasomal activity. Here we report that two diphenyldihaloketones, CLEFMA and EF24, inhibit the peptidase activity of the 26S proteasome. The objective of this study was to investigate interaction of these compounds with the proteasome and identify a putative target within the protein components of the 26S proteasome. We employed standard fluorogenic peptide-based proteasome activity assay for trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, and caspase-like activities of human purified 26S proteasome in cell-free conditions. GFPu-1 and HUVEC cells were used as proteasome reporter cells. Direct binding studies used purified 19S, 20S, …

Cause And Consequence Of Aβ: Lipid Interactions In Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis, Vijay Rangachari, Dexter N. Dean, Pratip Rana, Ashwin Vaidya, Preetam Ghosh

Faculty Publications

Self-templating propagation of protein aggregate conformations is increasingly becoming a significant factor in many neurological diseases. In Alzheimer disease (AD), intrinsically disordered amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides undergo aggregation that is sensitive to environmental conditions. High-molecular weight aggregates of Aβ that form insoluble fibrils are deposited as senile plaques in AD brains. However, low-molecular weight aggregates called soluble oligomers are known to be the primary toxic agents responsible for neuronal dysfunction. The aggregation process is highly stochastic involving both homotypic (Aβ-Aβ) and heterotypic (Aβ with interacting partners) interactions. Two of the important members of interacting partners are membrane lipids and surfactants, to …

Exploring The Impact Of Efficacy Messages On Cessation-Related Outcomes Using Ecological Momentary Assessment, Victoria Lambert, Stuart G. Ferguson, Jeff Niederdeppe, David Hammond, James W. Hardin, Jim Thrasher

Faculty Publications

Introduction:
Observational studies indicate that cigarette package inserts with efficacy messages about the benefits of quitting (i.e. response efficacy) and recommendations for successful cessation increase smokers’ self-efficacy to quit and promote sustained cessation. However, the effects of inserts with such efficacy messages have not been studied using experimental designs. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess smokers’ responses to efficacy inserts.

Material and Methods:
In a randomized case-crossover study among smokers from the United States (n=23), participants received a one-week supply of cigarettes with efficacy inserts and a one-week supply without any inserts, and were randomized to use …

Influenza Virus Infectivity Is Retained In Aerosols And Droplets Independent Of Relative Humidity, Karen A. Kormuth, Kaisen Lin, Aaron J. Prussin, Eric P. Vejerano, Andrea J. Tiwari, Steve S. Cox, Micheal M. Myerburg, Seema S. Lakdawala, Linsey C. Marr

Faculty Publications

Pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses can be transmitted through aerosols and droplets, in which viruses must remain stable and infectious across a wide range of environmental conditions. Using humidity-controlled chambers, we studied the impact of relative humidity on the stability of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in suspended aerosols and stationary droplets. Contrary to the prevailing paradigm that humidity modulates the stability of respiratory viruses in aerosols, we found that viruses supplemented with material from the apical surface of differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells remained equally infectious for 1 hour at all relative humidities tested. This sustained infectivity was …

Evaluation Of Self-Report Adherence Measures And Their Associations With Detectable Viral Load Among People Living With Hiv (Plhiv) In China, Wendi Da, Xiaoming Li Ph.D., Shan Qiao Ph.D., Yuejiao Zhou, Zhiyong Shen

Faculty Publications

Objectives Self-report antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence has been consistently associated with clinical outcomes. This study aims to compare the accuracy of self-report ART adherence measures with varying recall timeframes or item contents to predict virological response.

Methods Data from a cross-sectional study among 2146 participants on ART in Guangxi, China were used. Detectable viral load was defined as viral load > 50 copies/ml. Adherence was measured using the number of days on which all doses were taken in the past month (i.e., the “one-month days taken” measure), the number of days on which any dose was missed in the past month …

Large-Scale Social And Behavior Change Communication Interventions Have Sustained Impacts On Infant And Young Child Feeding Knowledge And Practices: Results Of A 2-Year Follow-Up Study In Bangladesh, Sunny S. Kim, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Lan Mai Tran, Tina Sanghvi, Zeba Mahmud, Mohammad Raisul Haque, Kaosar Afsana, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Marie T. Ruel, Purnima Menon

Faculty Publications

Background: Sustained improvements in infant and young child feeding (IYCF) require continued implementation of effective interventions. From 2010-2014, Alive & Thrive (A&T) provided intensive interpersonal counseling (IPC), community mobilization (CM), and mass media (MM) in Bangladesh, demonstrating impact on IYCF practices. Since 2014, implementation has been continued and scaled up by national partners with support from other donors and with modifications such as added focus on maternal nutrition and reduced program intensity. Objective: We assessed changes in intervention exposure and IYCF knowledge and practices in the intensive (IPC + CM + MM) compared with nonintensive areas (standard nutrition counseling + …

Nicu Nurses' Suggestions For Improving End-Of-Life Care Obstacles, Renea L. Beckstrand, Rebecca F. Isaacson, Janelle L. B. Macintosh, Karlen E. Luthy, Lacey Eden

Faculty Publications

Background: Neonatal deaths (infants less than 28 days old) account for two thirds (66.7%) of all infant deaths with most occurring in an ICU setting. NICU nurses are frequently involved in end-of-life (EOL) care and face unique obstacles.

Objective: The objective of this study was to obtain NICU nurses’ suggestions for improving obstacles in EOL care in NICUs.

Methods: Suggestions were obtained through mailed survey research in qualitative study design. Returned surveys yielded 121 nurse respondents who gave a total of 138 suggestions.

Results: A total of 10 cohesive themes were identified: (1) environmental design issues, (2) improved communication between …