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Articles 2281 - 2310 of 2320

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Descriptive Epidemiology Of Physical Activity In Adolescents, Russell R. Pate, Barbara J. Long, Gregory W. Heath Nov 1994

Descriptive Epidemiology Of Physical Activity In Adolescents, Russell R. Pate, Barbara J. Long, Gregory W. Heath

Faculty Publications

This paper reviews the descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in adolescents. Large population-based studies were reviewed, along with smaller studies using objective monitoring of physical activity. Estimates showed that adolescents engage in physical activity of any intensity for a mean of one hour per day. Approximately two thirds of males and one quarter of females participate in moderate to vigorous activity for 20 min 3 or more days per week. Activity levels decline with increasing age across adolescence, and this decrease is more marked in females than in males. Comparison of these data to physical activity guidelines for adolescents suggests …

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Fibrinolytic Responses To Moderate Intensity Exercise: Comparison Of Physically Active And Inactive Men, Linda M. Szymanski, Russell R. Pate Nov 1994

Fibrinolytic Responses To Moderate Intensity Exercise: Comparison Of Physically Active And Inactive Men, Linda M. Szymanski, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

The purposes of this study were to compare fibrinolytic responses to moderate intensity exercise in physically active and inactive men and during morning and evening exercise. Fourteen physically inactive men (mean age, 34.7 ± 4.0 years) and 12 regularly active men (34.8 ± 4.0 years) performed two exercise sessions, morning and evening, at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) andplasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity were measured before and after exercise. Data were analyzed using a three-way ANOVA with repeated measures. TPA actively increased with exercise in both groups, although the active group demonstrated greater increases than the …

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A Rejoinder, Larry I. Palmer Oct 1994

A Rejoinder, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Who Are The Parents Biotechnological Children?, Larry I. Palmer Oct 1994

Who Are The Parents Biotechnological Children?, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

We do not underestimate the difficulties of legislating on this subject. In addition to the inevitable confrontation with the ethical and moral issues involved, there is the question of the wisdom and effectiveness of regulating a matter so private, yet of such public interest. Legislative consideration of surrogacy may also provide the opportunity to begin to focus on the overall implications of the new reproductive biotechnology- in vitro fertilization, preservation of sperms and eggs, embryo implantation and the like. The problem is how to enjoy the benefits of the technology-especially for infertile couples-while minimizing the risk of abuse. The problem …

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Aging And Exercise: A Health Perspective, Joanna L. Bokovoy, Steven N. Blair Jul 1994

Aging And Exercise: A Health Perspective, Joanna L. Bokovoy, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Habitual exercise provides protection against fatal coronary heart disease, extends longevity, and enhances quality of life. National surveys show less physical activity in older men and women compared with middle-aged and younger persons; older women are particularly sedentary. Although there are still few longitudinal studies on exercise and physical activity in older individuals, the data support a positive relationship between physical activity and health function in older individuals. The data further show that with regular physical activity, health and fitness are maintained or even increased over time in older individuals. Studies on physical activity requirements for beneficial health effects in …

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Humic And Fulvic Acids: Sink Or Source In The Availability Of Metals To The Marine Bivalves Macoma Balthica And Potamocorbula Amurensis?, Alan W. Decho, Samuel N. Luoma May 1994

Humic And Fulvic Acids: Sink Or Source In The Availability Of Metals To The Marine Bivalves Macoma Balthica And Potamocorbula Amurensis?, Alan W. Decho, Samuel N. Luoma

Faculty Publications

Humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) are common forms of organic matter in marine sediments, and are routinely ingested by deposit- and suspension-feeding animals. These compounds may be a sink for metals, implying that once metals are bound to humic substances they are no longer available to food webs. A series of experiments was conducted to quantitatively examine this premise using 2 estuarine bivalves from San Francisco Bay, USA: the suspension feeder Potarnocorbula arnurensis and the facultative deposit feeder Macoma balthica. HA and FA, isolated from marine sediments, were bound as organic coatings to either hydrous ferric oxides …

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Compliance To Bleach Disinfection Protocols Among Injecting Drug Users In Miami, Clyde B. Mccoy, James E. Rivers, H. V. Mccoy, Paul Shapshak, Norman L. Weatherby, Dale D. Chitwood, J. Bryan Page, James A. Inciardi, Duane C. Mcbride Jan 1994

Compliance To Bleach Disinfection Protocols Among Injecting Drug Users In Miami, Clyde B. Mccoy, James E. Rivers, H. V. Mccoy, Paul Shapshak, Norman L. Weatherby, Dale D. Chitwood, J. Bryan Page, James A. Inciardi, Duane C. Mcbride

Faculty Publications

Bleach cleansing of injection equipment has been recommended to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission associated with the reuse of injection equipment by injecting drug users (IDUs). We evaluated the recall and performance of the most commonly recommended bleach cleansing procedure of two complete fillings of the syringe with bleach, followed by two complete fillings with rinse water, and not putting used bleach and water back into source containers. IDUs were taught this procedure on enrollment in an HIV prevention demonstration project in Dade County, Florida. During follow-up session 6-12 months after initial training, the knowledge and …

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Surveying Knowledge And Skills In The Health Sciences: Results And Implications, Fred W. Roper Oct 1993

Surveying Knowledge And Skills In The Health Sciences: Results And Implications, Fred W. Roper

Faculty Publications

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/72/ ©1993 Medical Library Association

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Platform For Change: Medical Library Education In The Information Age: Introduction, Fred W. Roper, M Kent Mayfield Oct 1993

Platform For Change: Medical Library Education In The Information Age: Introduction, Fred W. Roper, M Kent Mayfield

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Physical Inactivity. Workshop V. Aha Prevention Conference Iii. Behavior Change And Compliance: Keys To Improving Cardiovascular Health, Steven N. Blair, Kenneth E. Powell, Terry L. Bazzarre, James L. Early, Leonard H. Epstein, Lawrence W. Green, Sally S. Harris, William L. Haskell, Abby C. King, Jeffrey Koplan, Bess H. Marcus, Ralph S. Paffenbarger Jr., Kimberly K. Yeager Sep 1993

Physical Inactivity. Workshop V. Aha Prevention Conference Iii. Behavior Change And Compliance: Keys To Improving Cardiovascular Health, Steven N. Blair, Kenneth E. Powell, Terry L. Bazzarre, James L. Early, Leonard H. Epstein, Lawrence W. Green, Sally S. Harris, William L. Haskell, Abby C. King, Jeffrey Koplan, Bess H. Marcus, Ralph S. Paffenbarger Jr., Kimberly K. Yeager

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Legal Significance Of Gestation, Larry I. Palmer Jul 1993

The Legal Significance Of Gestation, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Measurement Accuracy Of The Glottal Enterprises Pneumotachograph System, Christopher Dromey, Ronald C. Scherer, Chen-Geng Guo Jan 1993

Measurement Accuracy Of The Glottal Enterprises Pneumotachograph System, Christopher Dromey, Ronald C. Scherer, Chen-Geng Guo

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Aerodynamic And Acoustic Changes Following Intensive Voice Therapy For Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Case Study, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine O. Ramig, Ronald Scherer Jan 1993

Aerodynamic And Acoustic Changes Following Intensive Voice Therapy For Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Case Study, Christopher Dromey, Lorraine O. Ramig, Ronald Scherer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Aerobic Training In Adolescents With Down Syndrome, A. Lynn Millar, Bo Fernhall, Lee N. Burkett Jan 1993

Effects Of Aerobic Training In Adolescents With Down Syndrome, A. Lynn Millar, Bo Fernhall, Lee N. Burkett

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects that aerobic training has on adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome. Fourteen individuals with Down syndrome (mean age = 17.7 yr) participated in a 10-wk walking/jogging exercise training study. A pre- and post-training walking treadmill test was performed to determine the following parameters: peak oxygen uptake (VO2, absolute and relative), minute ventilation (VE, l•min-1), heart rate HR, b•min-1), RER (VCO2/VO2), and time and grade to exhaustion. Following the pre-training evaluations, subjects were assigned to a control group (N = 4) or an exercise group (N= 10). The exercise group …

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When Blood Won't Clot, Debra Ann Mills Nov 1992

When Blood Won't Clot, Debra Ann Mills

Faculty Publications

While the history books refer to hemophilia as the disease of kings because it was once common among European royalty, the disorder now makes headlines for a completely different reason. It is estimated that at least 70% of the hemophiliacs whoo received blood products between 1978 and 1985 have been infected with HIV.

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Correlates To Performance On Field Tests Of Muscular Strength, Jeffrey A. Woods, Russell R. Pate, Maria L. Burgess Nov 1992

Correlates To Performance On Field Tests Of Muscular Strength, Jeffrey A. Woods, Russell R. Pate, Maria L. Burgess

Faculty Publications

Field tests of upper body muscular strength and endurance (UBMSE) are often administered to children, but little is known about the determinants of performance on these tests. Therefore the purpose of this investigation was to examine potential determinants of performance on several common field tests of UBMSE including pull-ups, flexed-arm hang, push-ups, and two types of modified pull-ups. Subjects were 56 girls, and 38 boys, ages 9 to 11 years. Potential determinants assessed were age, height, weight, gender, % fat, physical activity, and laboratory measures of muscular strength and endurance. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the laboratory measures of UBMSE …

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Culturally Competent Occupational Therapy In A Diversely Populated Mental Health Setting, Maria Dillard, Lynne Andonian, Olivia Flores, Lisa Anne Lai, Anne Macrae, Muhjah Shakir Aug 1992

Culturally Competent Occupational Therapy In A Diversely Populated Mental Health Setting, Maria Dillard, Lynne Andonian, Olivia Flores, Lisa Anne Lai, Anne Macrae, Muhjah Shakir

Faculty Publications

Cultural sensitivity is a crucial component of health care provision, particularly in psychiatric settings. As society becomes more multicultural, it is essential for occupational therapists to continue to develop cultural competence, which is defined in this paper as an awareness of, sensitivity to, and knowledge of the meaning of culture. At San Francisco General Hospital, an innovative multicultural model consisting of special focus programs is used. The key to the success of such programs is a culturally competent professional staff.

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Statement On Exercise: Benefits And Recommendations For Physical Activity Programs For All Americans - A Statement For Health Professionals By The Committee On Exercise And Cardiac Rehabilitation Of The Council On Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association, Gerald F. Fletcher, Steven N. Blair, James Blumenthal, Carl Caspersen, Bernard Chaitman, Stephen Epstein, Harold Falls, Erika S. Sivarajan Froelicher, Victor F. Froelicher, Ileana L. Piña Jul 1992

Statement On Exercise: Benefits And Recommendations For Physical Activity Programs For All Americans - A Statement For Health Professionals By The Committee On Exercise And Cardiac Rehabilitation Of The Council On Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association, Gerald F. Fletcher, Steven N. Blair, James Blumenthal, Carl Caspersen, Bernard Chaitman, Stephen Epstein, Harold Falls, Erika S. Sivarajan Froelicher, Victor F. Froelicher, Ileana L. Piña

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Relationship Between Anxiety, Self-Confidence, And Evaluation Of Coaching Behaviors, Laura J. Kenow, Jean M. Williams Jan 1992

Relationship Between Anxiety, Self-Confidence, And Evaluation Of Coaching Behaviors, Laura J. Kenow, Jean M. Williams

Faculty Publications

Two experiments examined Smoll and Smith's (1989) model of leadership behaviors in sport. The coaching behaviors of a male head coach of a collegiate women's basketball team (n=11 players) were examined. The data supported competitive trait anxiety as an individual-difference variable that mediates athletes' perception and evaluation of coaching behaviors. There also was support for adding athletes' state cognitive anxiety, state self-confidence and perception of the coach's cognitive anxiety to the model as individual-difference variables. Athletes who scored high in trait anxiety (p<.001) and state cognitive anxiety (p<.05) and low in state self-confidence (p<.05), and athletes who perceived the coach as high in state cognitive anxiety (p<.001), evaluated coaching behavior more negatively. Game outcome may influence the effect of self-confidence in mediating athletes' perception and evaluation of coaching behaviors. Additionally, athletes perceived several specific coaching behaviors more negatively than did the coach, and athletes drastically overestimated their coach's self-reported pregame cognitive and somatic anxiety and underestimated his self-confidence. Overall, the results suggest that coaches should be more supportive and less negative with high anxious and low self-confident athletes.

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Glottal Airflow And Electroglottographic Measures Of Vocal Function At Multiple Intensities, Christopher Dromey, Elaine T. Stathopouloss, Christine M. Sapienza Jan 1992

Glottal Airflow And Electroglottographic Measures Of Vocal Function At Multiple Intensities, Christopher Dromey, Elaine T. Stathopouloss, Christine M. Sapienza

Faculty Publications

Summary: Ten normal female subjects produced syllables at 5 dB increments from soft to loud. The differentiated electroglottogram (dEGG) open and speed quotients were compared to similar quotients from the inverse-filtered airflow waveform. The latter were measured according to objective and subjective criteria. The data indicate that the open quotient from the airflow waveform decreased as the intensity increased. The dEGG open quotient did not demonstrate this trend. The speed quotient from airflow increased initially with vocal intensity and decreased again as the intensity ceiling was approached. The ratio of closing to opening slopes calculated from peaks in the dEGG …

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Time-Courses In The Retention Of Food Material In The Bivalves Potamocorbula Amurensis And Macoma Balthica: Significance To The Absorption Of Carbon And Chromium, Alan W. Decho, Samuel N. Luoma Dec 1991

Time-Courses In The Retention Of Food Material In The Bivalves Potamocorbula Amurensis And Macoma Balthica: Significance To The Absorption Of Carbon And Chromium, Alan W. Decho, Samuel N. Luoma

Faculty Publications

Time courses for ingestion, retention and release via feces of microbial food was investigated using 2 bivalves with different feeding strategies, Potamocorbula amurensis, and Macoma balthica. The results showed 2 pathways for the uptake of food material in these clams. The first is represented by an initial label pulse in the feces. The second pathway operates over longer time periods. Inert 51Cr-labeled beads were used to determine time frames for these pathways. The first pathway, involving extracellular digestion and intestinal uptake, is relatively inefficient in the digestion of bacterial cells by P. amurensis but more efficient in …

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Exercise Tolerance And Alcohol Intake: Blood Pressure Relation, G. Harley Hartung, Harold W. Kohl Iii, Steven N. Blair, Steven J. Lawrence, Ronald B. Harrist Nov 1990

Exercise Tolerance And Alcohol Intake: Blood Pressure Relation, G. Harley Hartung, Harold W. Kohl Iii, Steven N. Blair, Steven J. Lawrence, Ronald B. Harrist

Faculty Publications

The relations of systolic and diastolic blood pressures to alcohol intake and exercise tolerance levels in 15,612 men and 3,855 women were investigated. Alcohol intake was assessed by questionnaire and stratified into seven levels for men and six for women according to the ounces of ethanol consumed per week. Exercise tolerance was determined by maximal treadmill exercise testing and was categorized into six age-specific by sex-specific levels. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly related to both alcohol intake and exercise tolerance levels in both men and women. These relations, which were positive for alcohol and negative for exercise …

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The Safety Of Maximal Exercise Testing, Larry W. Gibbons, Steven N. Blair, Harold W. Kohl Iii, Kenneth H. Cooper Oct 1989

The Safety Of Maximal Exercise Testing, Larry W. Gibbons, Steven N. Blair, Harold W. Kohl Iii, Kenneth H. Cooper

Faculty Publications

Previous reports on the safety of exercise testing have been based on surveys from different testing facilities with a variety of testing protocols and patient types. From 1971 through 1987, 71,914 maximal exercise tests conducted in a population with a low prevalence of known coronary heart disease under uniform conditions at a single medical facility resulted in six major cardiac complications including one death. No complications have occurred in the past 10 years in 45,000 maximal tests. The overall cardiac complication rate in men and women is 0.8 complications per 10,000 tests with 95% confidence intervals of 0.3-1.9 complications per …

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Research With Human Subjects As A Paradigm In Teaching, Larry I. Palmer Oct 1988

Research With Human Subjects As A Paradigm In Teaching, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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How Do Harpacticoid Grazing Rates Differ Over A Tidal Cycle? Field Verification Using Chlorophyll-Pigment Analyses, Alan W. Decho Jun 1988

How Do Harpacticoid Grazing Rates Differ Over A Tidal Cycle? Field Verification Using Chlorophyll-Pigment Analyses, Alan W. Decho

Faculty Publications

Four species of meiobenthic copepods were examined for diatom feeding. Microscopic analysis of gut-pellet contents from field-collected individuals indicated frequent ingestion of diatoms by 3 harpacticoids (Scottolana canadensis, Microarthridion littorale, Cletocamptus deitersi) while occasional diatom ingestion occurred Paronychocamptus huntsmani. Frustules were usually empty and broken, indicating that contents were digested. Laboratory experiments using 14C-labeling showed assimilation of diatoms by the 3 species examined. Field grazing rate studies were conducted over different portions of a tidal cycle using fluorescent chlorophyll-pigment analysis of gut-contents. Highest diatom consumption (p<0.05) occurred just after the mudflat became exposed (i.e. Early Low Water level, ELW) for S. canadensis, while consumption at Late Low Water …

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Water-Cover Influences On Diatom Ingestion Rates By Meiobenthic Copepods, Alan W. Decho Oct 1986

Water-Cover Influences On Diatom Ingestion Rates By Meiobenthic Copepods, Alan W. Decho

Faculty Publications

Laboratory experiments on meiobenthic copepods using 14C-diatoms were conducted to investigate whether: (1) feeding rates or (2) food sources (planktonically-suspended foods or benthic sediment-associated foods) vary in response to the presence or absence of water-cover (i.e. simulated Higher-water vs Low-water conditions). Three diatom-feeding harpacticoids were examined. Scottolana canadensis feeds at significantly higher rates (2x) during Higher-water (HW) conditions (P<0.001), at which time it consumes planktonic foods; during Low-water (LW), feeding is greatly reduced. These feeding patterns are related to its burrow-dwelling and to its subtidal habitat. Cletocamptus deitersi remains virtually unaffected by changes in ambient water-cover, feeding at nearly equal rates during HW and LW conditions but always tending to consume more benthic diatoms. Microarthridion littorale consumes food at nearly equal rates during HW and LW …

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Associations Of Resting Heart Rate With Concentrations Of Lipoprotein Subfractions In Sedentary Men, Paul T. Williams, William L. Haskell, Karen M. Vranizan, Steven N. Blair, Ronald M. Krauss, Robert Superko, John J. Albers, Barbara Frey-Hewitt, Peter D. Wood Mar 1985

Associations Of Resting Heart Rate With Concentrations Of Lipoprotein Subfractions In Sedentary Men, Paul T. Williams, William L. Haskell, Karen M. Vranizan, Steven N. Blair, Ronald M. Krauss, Robert Superko, John J. Albers, Barbara Frey-Hewitt, Peter D. Wood

Faculty Publications

In major prospective studies it has been reported that high heart rate at rest predicts the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men, but the mechanisms producing these relationships are unknown. Since lipoprotein levels contribute strongly to the risk of CHD and CVD, we examined the relationship of resting heart rate to plasma concentrations of high-density (HDL), low-density (LDL), and very low-density (VLDL) lipoproteins, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and A-II, and serum concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions in 81 men to determine if atherogenic lipoproteins could potentially induce the reported association of heart rate with development of …

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Book Review Of Solutions To Ethical And Legal Problems In Social Research, Larry I. Palmer Jan 1985

Book Review Of Solutions To Ethical And Legal Problems In Social Research, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Water Quality And Water Quantity On Nutritional Status: Findings From A South Indian Community, James R. Hébert Jan 1985

Effects Of Water Quality And Water Quantity On Nutritional Status: Findings From A South Indian Community, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

Quantitative assessments of the relative effects on health of various aspects of water supply are virtually absent from the literature. Despite the lack of information, resources are being allocated throughout the developing world, for projects related to water and sanitation. The present study was designed specifically to overcome many of the methodological problems that other researchers have faced. Data were collected concerning the nutritional status of 627 children in three urban communities in South India. Information was also collected on water quality, water quantity, household sanitation, socioeconomic conditions, and housing. A statistical technique is presented that allows for controlling potential …

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Comparison Of Haitian Children In A Nutrition Intervention Programme With Children In The Haitian National Nutrition Survey, G. G. Berggren, James R. Hébert, C. M. Waternaux Jan 1985

Comparison Of Haitian Children In A Nutrition Intervention Programme With Children In The Haitian National Nutrition Survey, G. G. Berggren, James R. Hébert, C. M. Waternaux

Faculty Publications

Weight-for-height and height-for-age data were compared for preschool-age Haitian children enrolled in a community health and nutrition intervention programme and children measured in the Haiti national nutrition survey of 1978. Cross-sections of the longitudinal data of the intervention programme corresponding to the season when the national survey was conducted (May to September) were chosen for the three years of available programme data (1969, 1970, 1971). Significantly less stunting was found in children in the 1970 and 1971 intervention group than in the children covered by the national survey. Tests of trend also showed that the height (or length) status of …

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