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Articles 991 - 1020 of 2232
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Thiol Specific Fluorogenic Agents For Live Cell Subcellular Organelle Thiol Imaging, Yahya Alqahtani
Thiol Specific Fluorogenic Agents For Live Cell Subcellular Organelle Thiol Imaging, Yahya Alqahtani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Thiols or sulfhydryl groups (-SH) play a significant role in protein structures and functions. The unique properties of a thiol group are the basis for its roles in cellular functions. Structurally, thiols are divided into protein thiols (PSH) and non-protein thiols (NPSH). NPSH include glutathione, cysteine, and homocysteine. Thiols are distributed in an uneven manner in the cell and subcellular organelles. Disturbance of thiol levels has been associated with serious diseases such as cancer, aging, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer disease, liver damage, and edema. The significant roles of thiols in the biological system have stimulated the development of various approaches to …
Spirituality, Religiosity, And Perceived Ability To Provide Spiritual Care In Nursing Students, Shannon O'Connell-Persaud
Spirituality, Religiosity, And Perceived Ability To Provide Spiritual Care In Nursing Students, Shannon O'Connell-Persaud
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Objective. The objective of this study was to explore nursing students’ spirituality, religiosity, and perceived ability to provide spiritual care. Background. Nursing students must be prepared to respond to a patient’s spiritual needs. A gap in knowledge exists as to the educational preparedness necessary to provide a nursing student with the ability to respond to a patient’s spiritual need. To address the gap, this study explored the relationships between nursing students’ spirituality, religiosity, and perceived ability to provide spiritual care. Study Setting and Sample. This multi-site study used two accredited nursing programs located in the Western Region of the United …
Long-Acting Intraductal Drug Delivery Systems For The Breast, Mibin Joseph
Long-Acting Intraductal Drug Delivery Systems For The Breast, Mibin Joseph
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in the US. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a premalignant lesion that has not metastasized through the regional lymph nodes to other organs. Currently, all breast cancers including localized breast cancers are treated with the same aggressive therapy. Localized drug delivery by direct intraductal injections into the mammary ducts can achieve high drug concentration at the target site. However, poor retention of drugs in the ducts limits the successful translation of this approach to the clinic. To this end, the main goal of this dissertation is to develop …
Wellness Policy Awareness Among School Leaders And The Impact On Written Policy Scores, Mariah Reil
Wellness Policy Awareness Among School Leaders And The Impact On Written Policy Scores, Mariah Reil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: All schools participating in the National School Lunch Program must possess a written School Wellness Policy (SWP) as mandated by the Healthy, Hunger- Free Kids Act of 2010.1 School officials and leaders play a major role in SWP implementation. It is essential to written SWP implementation that school level officials and leaders in the district are aware of the SWP. However, the association between school leader awareness of SWP and policy quality has not yet been studied.
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine if school leader awareness of a SWP impacts the written SWP quality. …
Phytochemical Investigation And Drug Interaction Potential Of Cyanotis Vaga, Ibrahim Almarabi
Phytochemical Investigation And Drug Interaction Potential Of Cyanotis Vaga, Ibrahim Almarabi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cyanotis. vaga (Lour.) Schult, & Schult. f. (C. vaga) previously called Tradescantia vaga and Cyanotis barbata, is a perennial herb. It is native to Eastern Asia and Tropical Africa. It has been reported that its decoction reduces fever and enhances well-being. Recently, C. vaga has been used widely for its anabolic effects, due to its richness of ecdysteroids. Even though C. vaga is a commedicinal plant (dietary supplement), there are no reports about its effect on the drug metabolizing enzyme Cytochromes P450 to predict its interaction with concomitantly used medications. In this study, eight ecdysteroids were isolated …
Cheminformatic Approach For Deconvolution Of Active Compounds In A Complex Mixture - Phytoserms In Licorice, Manal Mohammad Alhusban
Cheminformatic Approach For Deconvolution Of Active Compounds In A Complex Mixture - Phytoserms In Licorice, Manal Mohammad Alhusban
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
ABSTRACT After the validation of our in silico models by using the previous knowledge in this area the alerting phytochemicals from two Glycyrrhiza species (G. glabra and G. uralensis) were clustered. Exhaustive computational mining of licorice metabolome against selected endocrinal and metabolic targets led to the discovery of a unique class of compounds which belong to the dihydrostilbenoids (DHS) class appended with prenyl groups at various positions. To the best of our knowledge this interesting group of compounds has not been studied for their estrogenic activities or PXR activation. In addition some of the bis-prenylated DHS have been reported to …
Diagnosis And Rehabilitation Of Multiple Hip Pathologies In A Division I Football Player: A Case Study, Kelsey E. Sanders
Diagnosis And Rehabilitation Of Multiple Hip Pathologies In A Division I Football Player: A Case Study, Kelsey E. Sanders
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Objective: To present a diagnosis and rehabilitation plan for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), labral tear, and sports hernia in a Division I college football player. Background: A 21-year-old NCAA Division I college football player experienced a rare combination diagnosis of hip FAI, labral tear and sports hernia. Overlapping signs and symptoms proved difficult to conclude a diagnosis. The patient underwent three months of conservative treatment with no relief before electing to undergo surgery. Differential Diagnosis: Hip flexor strain, osteitis pubis. Treatment: A combination of conservative treatment such as activity modification, anti-inflammatories, therapeutic modalities, injections, and rehabilitation were unsuccessful in relieving symptoms …
Bovine Cellular And Innate Immune Response To Hemostatic Polysaccharides, Brian Kobylkevich
Bovine Cellular And Innate Immune Response To Hemostatic Polysaccharides, Brian Kobylkevich
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Chronic wounds are longstanding dermal wounds that do not heal in a normal amount of time and can commonly last for over a year. These wounds plague humans and farm animals alike. Wounds are characterized by chronic inflammation and are often painful, difficult to heal, have a high recurrence rate, and are potentially debilitating. Long term wounds that do not fully heal are distressing for both humans and animals, but understandably more resources have been directed towards humans. Some treatment options for humans may be suitable for adaptation into the field of animal care. Chronic lesions such as bovine digital …
Localized Transdermal Delivery Of Chemopreventive Agents To The Breast, Abdulsalam Alqahtani
Localized Transdermal Delivery Of Chemopreventive Agents To The Breast, Abdulsalam Alqahtani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. About 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. The current systemic approaches are associated with significant side effects including some life-threatening toxicity, leading to poor patient compliance. To overcome this limitation, localized transdermal drug delivery system was investigated in the current study. In addition, majority of breast cancers originate from the ducts and lobules in the breast. Therefore, localized transdermal drug delivery system can maximize drug concentration in the breast and minimize systemic adverse effects, resulting in a potential approach for preventing and/or treating …
Fabrication Of Topical Film Forming Polymeric Solution For Pain Management, Maha Hani Alkurdi
Fabrication Of Topical Film Forming Polymeric Solution For Pain Management, Maha Hani Alkurdi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
FFS were developed by varying the type and content of the film forming polymer. The resulting formulations were evaluated according to favorable film characteristics in vitro and ex vivo drug release profiles. Eudragit E100 was identified as a suitable release matrix for ketoprofen. In the case of diclofenac Na; however the ex vivo permeation study results failed to show a characteristic release profile for either the test formulation or the marketed formulation VOLTAREN® Gel. Nevertheless the presented work provided a rationalized way for the development and evaluation of FFS and investigated their potential as delivery systems for ketoprofen and diclofenac …
In-Situ Gel Of Cyclosporine A – Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles For Topical Occular Delivery For Dry Eye Disease, Samir Shyambabu Senapati
In-Situ Gel Of Cyclosporine A – Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles For Topical Occular Delivery For Dry Eye Disease, Samir Shyambabu Senapati
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cyclosporine (CSA) is a highly potent immunosuppressant drug and has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, organ rejection post-transplant, and chronic dry eye disease. The objective of this investigation was to increase the CSA residence time on the ocular surface using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and its in-situ gel formulation (CSA-SLN-IG), for treatment of dry eye disease. CSA loaded SLNs (CSA-SLN) were prepared with the homogenization method, using Precirol ® ATO 5 as a solid lipid and Tween® 80 and Poloxamer 188 as surfactants. Prepared SLNs were optimized based on particle size, zeta potential (ZP), PDI, assay and stability. …
Predictors Of Hospital Quality And Efficiency, Hoda Fotovvat
Predictors Of Hospital Quality And Efficiency, Hoda Fotovvat
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
American hospitals have made serious efforts to implement and expand their health information technology capabilities and to integrate different specialized care or high-tech services in order to maximize the efficiency and quality of care. In providing a variety of HIT-related services, these hospitals expanded their national reputation in line with integrated care goals. As a result, hospitals are encouraged to establish effective communication channels to facilitate patient-physician sharing of the patient care experience, to enhance effective pain management, and to transform patient-centered care modalities to solidify the adequacy of patient care processes. By analyzing national data sets publicly available, this …
Ab Toxins: Recovery From Intoxication And Relative Potencies, Patrick Cherubin
Ab Toxins: Recovery From Intoxication And Relative Potencies, Patrick Cherubin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
AB-type protein toxins have a catalytic A subunit attached to a cell-binding B subunit. Ricin, Shiga toxin (Stx), exotoxin A, and diphtheria toxin are AB toxins that act within the host cytosol and kill the host cell through pathways involving the inhibition of protein synthesis. Our overall goal is to help elucidate the cellular basis of intoxication for therapeutic development. According to the current model of intoxication, the effect of AB toxins is irreversible. To test this model, we developed a system that uses flow cytometry and a fluorescent reporter to examine the cellular potency of toxins that inhibit protein …
Use Of Video-Enhanced Debriefing In Clinical Nursing Skill Acquisition: Indwelling Urinary Catheterization As An Exemplar, Erica Hoyt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nursing students struggle to acquire and maintain clinical psychomotor skills. Hiring agencies bear the cost of retraining graduate nurses inept with skills learned early in their nursing curriculum. Improperly performed clinical skills pose a risk to patient safety, resulting in pain and suffering for the patient. This empirical study aimed to determine if video-enhanced debriefing (VED) improved initial skill validation scores, skill feedback, satisfaction with learning, and reduced skill decay among first-semester, pre-licensure BSN students performing female indwelling urinary catheterization (IUC) in a simulated clinical setting compared to no debriefing. Participants received standard instruction, then video-recorded their IUC skill. Participants …
A Complete Approach To Predict Biodistribution Of Nanomaterials Within Animal Species From In-Vitro Data, Edward Price
A Complete Approach To Predict Biodistribution Of Nanomaterials Within Animal Species From In-Vitro Data, Edward Price
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Smart drug-design for antibody and nanomaterial-based therapies allows for optimization of drug efficacy and more efficient early-stage pre-clinical trials. The ideal drug must display maximum efficacy at target tissue sites, but to track and predict distribution to these sites, one must have a mechanistic understanding of the kinetics involved with the individual cells of the tissue itself. This process can be tracked through biological simulations coupled with in-vitro approaches, which result in a rapid and efficient in-depth understanding of drug transport within tissue vasculature and cellular environment. As a result, it becomes possible to predict drug biodistribution within live animal …
Role Of Tnfα Antagonists And Genetic Polymorphisms In Modulating Susceptibility To Mycobacterial Infection Among Patients With Crohn's Disease, Ahmad Qasem
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha antagonists (anti-TNFα) have been extensively used for Crohn's disease (CD) treatment. Even though they may control CD symptoms initially, treatment response varies among patients, which seems to depend on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNFα receptors superfamily 1A and 1B (TNFRSF1A/B). Most importantly, M. tuberculosis infection has been strongly associated with these medications, but no studies have elucidated the effects of anti-TNFα on CD associated with MAP (Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis; a possible causative agent of CD, and closely related to M. tuberculosis). Here, we investigated the effects of recombinant inflammatory cytokines and anti-TNFα therapeutics on …
Development And Characterization Of Sustained-Release Formulations Via Novel Hot Melt Extrusion Techniques, Bjad Khalaf Almutairy
Development And Characterization Of Sustained-Release Formulations Via Novel Hot Melt Extrusion Techniques, Bjad Khalaf Almutairy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a leading technology that can be applied to many pharmaceutical preparations as solid dispersions. Part of this research project focus on injecting pressurized carbon dioxide (P-CO2) gas during the HME process. These combined techniques have an additional advantage of being adaptable and portable to a hot melt extruder instrument. The use of HME alongside with other techniques (P-CO2 or co extrusion process) for preparing an improved controlled/sustained release formulation is the main theme of this research project. Current research focusing on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) with good aqueous solubility requires novel approach to obtain tailored …
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (Ends): Reasons For Use And Associated Factors In Self-Selected Nicotine Concentrations, David D. Allen Iii
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (Ends): Reasons For Use And Associated Factors In Self-Selected Nicotine Concentrations, David D. Allen Iii
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to examine e-cigarette user reasons for use, changes in their nicotine concentrations, and factors associated with changes in their chosen nicotine concentrations.
Formulation Development, Preclinical Testing, And Primary Packaging Optimization For Cannabinoids And Other Therapeutics, Pranjal Taskar
Formulation Development, Preclinical Testing, And Primary Packaging Optimization For Cannabinoids And Other Therapeutics, Pranjal Taskar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Through the process of drug development, a molecule goes through discovery screening; lead selection and optimization, ADME testing, toxicity profiling, dosage form determination, preclinical testing in an in vitro and in vivo setup, folloby clinical research, FDA review and approval until eventually it is manufactured in the determined dosage form and reaches the patient. At every point through this process, scientists actively work towards a smoother transition and a quick and safe approval of the molecule towards the next step. The different chapters in this research would cover various phases of drug development; from discovery stage to fill-finish and primary …
Reward And Punishment: The Neural Correlates Of Reinforcement Feedback During Motor Learning, Christopher Mark Hill
Reward And Punishment: The Neural Correlates Of Reinforcement Feedback During Motor Learning, Christopher Mark Hill
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
‘By the carrot or the stick’ reward or punishment has been contemplated by instructors to motivate their pupils to learn a new motor skill. The reinforcements of reward and punishment have demonstrated dissociable effects on motor learning with punishment enhancing the learning rate and reward increasing retention of the motor task. However it is still unclear how the brain processes reward and punishment during motor learning. This study sought to investigate the role of reinforcement feedback in cortical neural activity associated with motor learning. A novel visuomotor rotation task was employed with reward punishment or null feedback as the participants …
Synthesis Of A Novel Surface Active, Light Sensitive Polymer For Encapsulation And Delivery Of Paclitaxel, Amit Raviraj Pillai
Synthesis Of A Novel Surface Active, Light Sensitive Polymer For Encapsulation And Delivery Of Paclitaxel, Amit Raviraj Pillai
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Melanoma and non-melanoma (basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma) skin cancer (NMSC) have been recognized as an epidemic as they happen to be the most comtype of cancers in the white population. Cancer cell targeting i.e. differentiating cancer cells from normal cells has been an area of active research to reduce the side effects of cancer chemotherapy. For this research project, we have developed a novel light sensitive Methylene Blue (MB)-Polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate with significant surfactant properties. The aim of this study was to synthesize a smart light sensitive polymer which activates and releases the encapsulated drug on exposure …
Investigation Of Theophylline Nicotinamide Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals Utilizing Hot Melt Extrusion, Priyanka Srinivasan
Investigation Of Theophylline Nicotinamide Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals Utilizing Hot Melt Extrusion, Priyanka Srinivasan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of Theophylline and Nicotinamide pharmaceutical co-crystals by hot melt extrusion technology and to evaluate the processability by using HPMCAS-MG and PEO as polymer carriers. Theophylline, a BCS class I was chosen as a model drug and Nicotinamide, a vitamin B family was selected as a suitable co-former for the co-crystals study. HPMCAS-MG, a synthetic polymer and PEO, water-soluble polymer were chosen as polymer carriers for the study. To optimize the process parameters and formulations, a physical mixture of 1:1 molar ratio of theophylline and nicotinamide were prepared. Physical mixture …
Application Of Quality By Design And Process Analytical Technology Towards Hot-Melt Extrusion Processes, Priyanka Thipsay
Application Of Quality By Design And Process Analytical Technology Towards Hot-Melt Extrusion Processes, Priyanka Thipsay
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems were developed instead of a conventional liquid system. Solid surfactants was chosen to emulsify lipids with different HLB properties. Type of surfactant, type of lipid, Lipid/surfactant L/S ratio, feed rate, screw speed and screw configuration, were the formulation and process parameters evaluated. Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems were successfully developed on the hot-melt extruder for the first time which is a continuous processing technology.
Novel Application Of Melt Extrusion And Additive Manufacturing On Developing Diverse Dosages, Jiaxiang Zhang
Novel Application Of Melt Extrusion And Additive Manufacturing On Developing Diverse Dosages, Jiaxiang Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
New drug product development is a time consuming and costly process. One of the significant challenges is the poor aqueous solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Among those techniques, hot-melt extrusion(HME) is optimal for pharmaceutical solid dispersion development because of it free of using an organic solvent, easy scale up, and suitable for continuous processing with ensured optimal quality control.
Comparative Effectiveness And Safety Of Non-Vitamin K Antagonists Oral Anticoagulants And Warfarin In Elderly Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation And Diabetes, Siddhi Korgaonkar
Comparative Effectiveness And Safety Of Non-Vitamin K Antagonists Oral Anticoagulants And Warfarin In Elderly Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation And Diabetes, Siddhi Korgaonkar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Results: The matched sample consisted of 4578 patients (2291 in each group). NOACs were found to significantly reduce the risk of stroke/SE compared to warfarin (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.373, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.247 - 0.564, p<0.001); but, no significant difference was seen between NOACs and warfarin in terms of reducing the risk of MI (HR: 0.864, CI: 0.594 – 1.257, p=0.446). NOACs were found to significantly reduce the risk of ICH (HR: 0.500, CI: 0.300 – 0.834, p=0.008) and OB (HR: 0.608, CI: 0.424 – 0.870, p=0.007); but no difference was seen in the risk of MGB (HR: 0.862, CI: 0.640 – 1.160, p=0.326) between NOACs and warfarin. NOACs were also found to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.783, CI:0.656 – 0.873, p=0.007). The composite of effectiveness and safety outcomes, and all-cause mortality was statistically significant proving superior overall effectiveness and safety of NOAC therapy to warfarin therapy in terms of risk reduction (HR:0.685, CI:0.587 – 0.801, p<0.001).
Validation Of A Brief Screening Instrument For Psychopathology In Adults, Adam Sattler
Validation Of A Brief Screening Instrument For Psychopathology In Adults, Adam Sattler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Structured diagnostic interviews are generally considered to be the gold standard method of assessing mental health conditions; however clinicians rarely use such techniques in clinical practice. A major factor contributing to the infrequent use of structured interviews is the amount of time required for administration and interpretation. As such there is a need to develop assessment instruments that balance the objectivity and structure of evidence-based assessment techniques against personnel time and cost. To address this need the current study sought to validate a brief screening instrument for assessing 9 commental health conditions using a well-researched structured clinical interview to establish …
E-Cigarettes And Conventional Cigarettes: Perceived Risks And Benefits Among College Students, Evi Addoh
E-Cigarettes And Conventional Cigarettes: Perceived Risks And Benefits Among College Students, Evi Addoh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
ABSTRACT Background: Accompanying the decline in cigarette smoking rates has been a rise in prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. The ongoing investigations on the health impact of e-cigarettes have been accompanied by mixed messages and a lack of consensus which may lead college students to rely on their own perceptions of risk and benefits in deciding whether to use e-cigarettes. Conclusion: Considering the significant association of perceived risks and benefits with e-cigarette and cigarette use this study yields some findings that show the importance of appropriately addressing perceptions. It is paramount to keep the public updated on pertinent research …
Valuation Of Mentorship In Pharmacy Education And The Impact Of Perceived Personal Relevance, Ashley Stubblefield Crumby
Valuation Of Mentorship In Pharmacy Education And The Impact Of Perceived Personal Relevance, Ashley Stubblefield Crumby
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mentorship is an important component of personal and professional development for student pharmacists. This research measured the value of mentorship in this population examined potential influencing factors and the likelihood to participate in a mentoring relationship and identified preferences for the mentoring relationship. Data collection involved survey self-report of student pharmacists (P1-P4) at four participating universities. An adapted 29-item Mentoring Functions Scale (MFS) was used to measure value with functions divided into career and psychosocial categories. The highest ranked mentoring functions were psychosocial with an average score of 9 or greater on the 10-point scale. Perceived personal relevance measured using …
Pharmacy Value-Based Incentive Programs: An Evaluation Of Health Plan Strategies, Pharmacist Attitudes, And Financial Impact On Retail Stores, Tristen H. Jackson
Pharmacy Value-Based Incentive Programs: An Evaluation Of Health Plan Strategies, Pharmacist Attitudes, And Financial Impact On Retail Stores, Tristen H. Jackson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Since the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2012 health plans serving Medicare beneficiaries have begun receiving sizeable incentives (>$1B) for demonstrating high ratings to quality performance scores in CMS’s Medicare star ratings program. Several of the quality measures can be directly impacted by retail pharmacists (e.g. medication adherence measures) resulting in health plans implementing programs designed to incentive retail pharmacies to work toward improving their own performance related to quality measures. While awareness of these value-based incentive (VBI) programs is growing there is still a significant lack of research which elucidates the nature of these programs and the potential …
Comparative Assessment Of Safety And Quality Of Tinospora Species-Tinospora Crispa And Tinospora Sinensis, Abidah Parveen
Comparative Assessment Of Safety And Quality Of Tinospora Species-Tinospora Crispa And Tinospora Sinensis, Abidah Parveen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Tinospora crispa Miers ex Hook.f. & Thomson and Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. (Menispermaceae) are two species that have morphological similarities which makes distinction between the two of critical importance because T. crispa has been reported to cause hepatotoxicity. Comparative morpho-anatomy of the leaves and stems of Tinospora species indigenous to south and southeast Asia was undertaken to elaborate their distinguishing pharmacognostic features. Chemical characterization of the secondary metabolites of the two species may aid in elucidating their chemical diversity and hence help to resolve safety and quality issues. Phytochemical investigation of the stems led to the isolation of nineteen compounds …