Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Latency-Related Gene Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Encodes A Product Which Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression, L. M. Schang, Ashfaque Hossain, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) establishes a latent infection in the sensory ganglionic neurons of cattle. The exclusive viral RNA expressed in a latent infection is the latency-related (LR) RNA, suggesting that it regulates some aspect of a latent infection. During the course of a productive infection, alphaherpesviruses induce certain events which occur during cell cycle progression. Consequently, we hypothesized that a BHV-1 infection might induce events in neurons which occur during cell cycle progression. In agreement with this hypothesis, cyclin A was detected in neurons of trigeminal ganglia when rabbits were infected. Neuronal cell cycle progression or inappropriate expression of …

Longitudinal Adjustment Patterns Of Boys And Girls Experiencing Early, Middle, And Late Sexual Intercourse, C. Raymond Bingham, Lisa J. Crockett

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined the association between psychosocial development and the timing of first sexual intercourse in a sample of White, rural adolescents. Two theoretical models were tested. The first model, derived from problem behavior theory, proposed that earlier timing of first sexual intercourse is associated with longitudinal patterns of transition proneness and poor psychosocial adjustment. The second model, the stage termination model, proposed that early first sexual intercourse interferes with subsequent development, thereby resulting in negative developmental outcomes. problem behavior theory was supported. For both boys and girls, earlier timing of first sexual intercourse was associated with longitudinal patterns of …

Ultrasound Three- Dimensional Velocity Measurements By Feature Tracking, Gregory R. Bashford, Olaf T. Von Ramm

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

This article describes a new angle-independent method suitable for three-dimensional (3-D) blood flow velocity measurement that tracks features of the ultrasonic speckle produced by a pulse echo system. In this method, a feature is identified and followed over time to detect motion. Other blood flow velocity measurement methods typically estimate velocity using one- (1-D) or two-dimensional (2-D) spatial and time information. Speckle decorrelation due to motion in the elevation dimension may hinder this estimate of the true 3-D blood flow velocity vector. Feature tracking is a 3-D method with the ability to measure the true blood velocity vector rather than …

Comments On The Distribution Of Botrychium Lunarioides (Ophioglossaceae) In Texas, W. C. Holmes, T. L. Morgan, Jeffrey R. Stevens, R. D. Gooch, J. R. Singhurst

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Botrychium lunarioides (Michx.) Sw. (Ophioglossaceae) is now known to be widespread and abundant throughout the eastern portion of Texas. In 1996, Do, et al. reported ten additional county records in the central portion of the Post Oak Savannah of Texas, thereby extending the known distribution of the species up to 273 km to the west. Additional field studies during 1996 have yielded nineteen new county records for the species in Texas. These new reports are primarily from the Post Oak Savannah, Pineywoods, and Blackland Prairies of northeast Texas and from the southern portion of the Post Oak Savannah. The most …

Conditioned Stimulus Determinants Of Conditioned Response Form In Pavlovian Fear Conditioning, Stephen D. Kim, Steven Rivers, Rick A. Bevins, John J. B. Ayres

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Four experiments using barpress conditioned suppression in rats found that tone evoked more freezing (immobility) than did light. Still, tone and light appeared to have similar conditioned value as assessed by suppression in Experiments 1, 2, and 3, and by blocking, second-order conditioning, and over-conditioning assays in Experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Experiment 4 arranged for tone to evoke less suppression than light but more freezing. Results suggest that in fear conditioning, the nature of the conditioned stimulus affects the form of conditioned responding (strong vs. weak freezing). This conclusion extends one drawn by P. C. Holland (1977) on …

Identification Of A Brazil-Nut Allergen In Transgenic Soybeans, Julie A. Nordlee, Steve L. Taylor, Jeffrey A. Townsend, Laurie A. Thomas, Robert K. Bush

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: The nutritional quality of soybeans (Glycine max) is compromised by a relative deficiency of methionine in the protein fraction of the seeds. To improve the nutritional quality, methionine-rich 2S albumin from the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) has been introduced into transgenic soybeans. Since the Brazil nut is a known allergenic food, we assessed the allergenicity of the 2S albumin.

Methods: The ability of proteins in transgenic and nontransgenic soybeans, Brazil nuts, and purified 2S albumin to bind to IgE in serum from subjects allergic to Brazil nuts was determined by radioallergosorbent tests (four …

Envy And Jealousy As Discrete Emotions: A Taxometric Analysis, Nick Haslam, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Envy and jealousy may differ in kind or only by degree. In a study of emotion episodes recalled by 291 subjects, two forms of taxometric analysis were used to test between categorical and dimensional models of the two emotions. The two emotions yielded strong convergent evidence of discreteness, and commonly co-occurred. However, although subjects rated their episode to contain similar levels of “envy” and “jealousy,” both terms were equally correlated with the presence of envy features and neither term was correlated substantially with the presence of jealousy features. Implications are drawn for the study of categorical distinctions between emotions, and …

Truncated Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli (Ehec) O157:H7 Intimin (Eaea) Fusion Proteins Promote Adherence Of Ehec Strains To Hep-2 Cells, Marian L. Mckee, Alison D. O'Brien

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Intimin, the product of the eaeA gene in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC), is required for intimate adherence of these organisms to tissue culture cells and formation of the attaching and effacing lesion in the gnotobiotic pig. Because of the importance of intimin in the pathogenesis of EHEC O157:H7 infection in this animal model, we began a structure-function analysis of EaeA. For this purpose, we constructed amino-terminal fusions of the intimin protein with six histidine residues to form two independent fusions. The longer fusion, RIHisEae, contained 900 of the 935 predicted amino acids and included all but the extreme amino …

Evaluation Of Commercial Latex Reagents For Identification Of O157 And H7 Antigens Of Escherichia Coli, Evangeline G. Sowers, Joy G. Wells, Nancy A. Strockbine

United States Public Health Resources

Agglutination reactions obtained with three commercial latex reagents for detecting Escherichia coli O157 antigen (Oxoid Diagnostic Reagents, Hampshire, England; Pro-Lab Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada; and Remel Microbiology Products, Lenexa, Kans.) and one for detecting H7 antigen (Remel) were compared with those obtained by standard serologic methods by using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference antisera for O157 and H7 antigens. For 159 strains of E. coli and related organisms, the Oxoid, Pro-Lab, and Remel O157 latex reagents each had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% compared with the CDC reference antiserum. For 106 strains of E. …

Quality Of Life Of Rural Nebraskans: How Are They Doing And What Is In The Future?, John C. Allen, Sam Cordes, Amy M. Smith, Matt Spilker, Amber Hamilton

Rural Futures Institute: Publications

Includes

Executive Summary

Introduction

Methodology and Respondent Profile

Findings

Global Well-Being

Change in the Modern World

Personal Well-Being

Availability of Services and Amenities

Dissatisfaction with Services and Amenities

Dissatisfaction with Services/Amenities by Region

Dissatisfaction with Services/Amenities by Community Size

Dissatisfaction with Services/Amenities by Income Level

Conclusions

Environmental Issues And Perceptions Of Rural Nebraskans, John C. Allen, Sam Cordes, Amy M. Smith, Mike Spilker, Amber Hamilton

Rural Futures Institute: Publications

Includes

Executive summary

Introduction

Methodology

Respondent profile

Findings

The State's Role in Groundwater Protection

Regulation and Compliance Costs

Agriculture and the Environment

Conjunctive Use

Conclusions

Comparison Of Gross Pathology, Histopathology, And Mycobacterial Culture For The Diagnosis Of Tuberculosis In Elk (Cervus Elaphus), Elizabeth B. Rohonczy, Arumuga V. Balachandran, Thomas W. Dukes, Janet B. Payeur, Jack C. Rhyan, Dennis A. Saari, Terry L. Whiting, Susan H. Wilson, Jerald L. Jarnagin

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Using the isolation of Mycobacterium bovis as the reference standard, this study evaluated the sensitivity, specificity and kappa statistic of gross pathology (abattoir postmortem inspection), histopathology, and parallel or series combinations of the two for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in 430 elk and red deer. Two histopathology interpretations were evaluated: histopathology I, where the presence of lesions compatible with tuberculosis was considered positive, and histopathology II, where lesions compatible with tuberculosis or a select group of additional possible diagnoses were considered positive. In the 73 animals from which M. bovis was isolated, gross lesions of tuberculosis were most often in …

Cattle, Co-Wives, Children, And Calabashes: Material Context For Symbol Use Among The Il Chamus Of West-Central Kenya, Alan J. Osborn

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

This paper examines systemic contexts for symbol use among the Maa-speaking Il Chamus in the Lake Baringo region of west-central Kenya. The systemic context for symbols and material culture consists of the environmental constraints and behavioral responses that characterize pastoralist life in East Africa. The author's interest in this problem developed in response to Ian Hodder’s work among the Il Chamus, Pokot, and Tugen in the Baringo District. Unlike Hodder, however, the author argues that symbols and their use in East Africa can be more productively explained from a materialist perspective. Specifically, it is proposed that symbols affixed to certain …

Activation Of Shiga-Like Toxins By Mouse And Human Intestinal Mucus Correlates With Virulence Of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli O91:H21 Isolates In Orally Infected, Streptomycin-Treated Mice, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Stephen C. Darnell, Alison D. O'Brien

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

The enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O91:H21 isolates B2F1 and H414-36/89 are virulent in an orally infected streptomycin-treated mouse model. Previous studies demonstrated that B2F1 and H414-36/89 grow to high levels in mucus isolated from the mouse small intestine and colon and that growth in smallintestinal mucus is related to virulence. We measured the levels of Shiga-like toxins (SLTs) SLT-IIvha and SLT-IIvhb produced by B2F1 after growth in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with mouse intestinal mucus by assaying the cytotoxicity of culture supernatants on Vero cells. Culture supernatants from B2F1 grown in mouse intestinal mucus, but not EHEC strains that produce …

Nebraskan Work Patterns And Available Benefits, John C. Allen, Sam Cordes, Amy M. Smith, Matt Spilker, Amber Hamilton

Rural Futures Institute: Publications

Includes

Executive Summary

Introduction

Methodology

Respondent Profile

Findings

Nebraskans and Work

Rural Nebraskans and Benefits

New County Records Of Botrychium Lunarioides In Texas., L. H. Do, R. D. Gooch, Jeffrey R. Stevens, W. C. Holmes, J. R. Singhurst

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Recent collections of B. lunarioides in east-central Texas indicate that the species is more widespread within the state (Fig. 1). Other than for Navarro County, the new records are in the Post Oak Savannah Region of the state, with the Navarro County location classified as being within the Blackland Prairie Region or in part of an extension of the Post Oak Woods/Forest in the Blackland Prairie Region. All specimens previously cited by Thomas (1979) and Thomas et al. (1981) were from the eastern part of the Pineywoods Region. The San Augustine site is about 32 km from the state line …

Timing Of First Sexual Intercourse: The Role Of Social Control, Social Learning, And Problem Behavior, Lisa J. Crockett, C. Raymond Bingham, Joanne S. Chopak, Judith R. Vicary

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Prior research has pointed to several distinct processes that may affect the timing of first intercourse among adolescents. In the present study, the role of six hypothesized processes was assessed in a sample of 289 rural adolescent boys and girls. Results support the importance of family socialization and problem behavior for both sexes, the role of biological factors for boys, and the role of social control processes for girls. Two other hypothesized influences--social class and poor psychosocial adjustment--were not supported in either gender. These results indicate that multiple processes influence the timing of first intercourse; thus, they underscore the need …

A Cross-National Study On The Relations Among Prosocial Moral Reasoning, Gender Role Orientations, And Prosocial Behaviors, Gustavo Carlo, Silvia H. Koller, Nancy Eisenberg, Marcia S. Da Silva, Claudia B. Frohlich

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This research examined the correlates of prosocial moral reasoning (PMR) in 2 studies. Study I investigated age, gender, and culture group differences in PMR in Brazilian children and adolescents (n = 265) and U.S. adolescents (n = 67). Relations between PMR and both prosocial behaviors and gender role orientations in Brazilian adolescents (n = 136) were explored in Study 2. Self-reflective, internalized reasoning was positively related, and hedonistic reasoning was negatively related, to peer ratings of prosocial behaviors. Femininity was associated with more self-reflective, internalized concerns and with less concerns regarding gaining others’ approval. In general, age …

Bovine Cell Line Resistant To In Vtro Infection By Bovine Viral Darrheavirus And All Other Known Pestiviruses, Ruben O. Donis, Eduardo F. Flores

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine cell line resistant to infection by the pestiviruses Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Hog Cholera Virus (HCV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) and all progeny and mutants thereof. A bovine cell line (CRIB) that is resistant to infection by cytopathic and non-cytopathic BVDV and by other Pestiviruses due to a stable, recessive genetic defect which blocks infection at the level of viral entry.

Cytokines In Pigs Bred Selectively For High And Low Immune Response [Abstract Only], Jay Reddy, Bruce N. Wilkie, Bonnie A. Mallard, Soren Rosendal

Jay Reddy Publications

Yorkshire pigs have been bred for high (H) and low (L) immune response based on selection for multiple antibody (Ab) and cell mediated immune response traits. High responders have better production and larger litter size when compared with controls and low responders. The ability of high and low line pigs to resist M. hyorhinis infection has been tested. The high responders had more rapid and higher Ab response and the severity of the disease was less, as judged by clinical and postmortem signs. However, arthritis was found to be relatively more severe in high responders. We hypothesized that the immune …

Microevolutionary Patterns And Molecular Markers: The Genetics Of Geographic Variation In Ascaris Suum, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Molecular markers have been used only rarely to characterize the population genetic structure of nematodes. Published studies have suggested that different taxa may show distinct genetic architectures. Isoenzyme and RAPD markers have been used to investigate geographic variation of Ascaris suum at the level of infrapopulations (nematodes within individual hosts), within localities, and among geographic regions. Independent estimates of genetic differentiation among population samples based on isoenzyme and RAPD data showed similar patterns and substantial correlation. Heterozygote deficiencies within infrapopulations and large values for inbreeding coefficients among infrapopulations suggested that the composition of these populations was not consistent with a …

A Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa) For The Quantitation Of Peanut In Foods, S. L. Taylor, Julie A. Nordlee, S. L. Hefle

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Peanuts are one of the most allergenic foods known. Strict avoidance of peanut by peanut-allergic individuals is difficult and often unsuccessful. Peanut proteins have previously been found in nonpeanut foodstuffs prepared on shared processing equipment, and such carryover contamination increases the risk of occurrence of allergic reactions. Immunoassays offer a specific, sensitive, and rapid technique to detect and quantitate small amounts of proteins in food systems.

A sandwich-type, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of peanut protein in foods. Selected food samples were ground and extracts prepared by overnight extraction in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, followed …

Allergenic Foods, Susan L. Hefle, Julie A. Nordlee, Steve L. Taylor

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Virtually all food allergens are proteins, although only a small percentage of the many proteins in foods are allergens. Any food that contains protein has the potential to cause allergic reactions in some individuals. However, a few foods or food groups are known to cause allergies on a more frequent basis than other foods. At a 1995 consultation on food allergies sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization, a group of international experts confirmed that peanuts, soybeans, crustacea, fish, cow’s milk, eggs, tree nuts, and wheat are the most common allergenic foods. These foods are responsible for more than 90% …

Analytical Perspectives On A Protohistoric Cache Of Ceramic Jars From The Lower Colorado Desert, James M. Bayman, Richard H. Hevly, Boma Johnson, Karl J. Reinhard, Richard Ryan

Karl Reinhard Publications

A cache of hermetically sealed ceramic jars found in the Lower Colorado Desert was examined using chronometric dating, pollen and macrofossil extraction, design analysis, and water retention experimentation. The cache apparently dates to the protohistoricfifteenth through seventeenth centuries. Findings from these studies contribute to knowledge in four problem areas: (1) ceramic jar function and use-history; (2) storage technology and caching behavior; (3) ceramic dating and chronology; and (4) symbolic iconography. Biotic remains from inside the jars document their use for transporting a variety of riverine and desert plants, before they were finally filled with flowers and seeds, and placed in …

“Introduction” To Perspectives On Anxiety, Fear, And Panic, Debra Hope

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In recent years the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation has returned explicitly to the theme of motivation. The 43d volume is no exception. In the spring of 1995, leading researchers and theorists came together in Lincoln, Nebraska, to offer their perspectives on anxiety, panic, and fear. Clearly, the theme of this year's symposium is closely tied to motivation.

Intentional Versus Unintentional Use Of Contingencies Between Perceptual Events, Kieth A. Carlson, John H. Flowers

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In three experiments we studied human ability to use statistical contingencies between visual stimuli (flankers and targets) to improve performance in a letter–digit classification task. We compared the performance of explicitly informed subjects with that of subjects who were told nothing of the contingencies. Simultaneous presentation of flankers and targets (Experiment 1) produced evidence of unintentional contingency use by both informed and uninformed subjects. When stimuli on trial n predicted target stimuli on trial n + 1 (Experiment 2) there was no evidence of unintentional processes, but informed subjects showed strong evidence of using intentional prediction strategies. When flanker onset …

The Effects Of Task Demands On The Equivalence Of Visual And Auditory Representations Of Periodic Numerical Data, Kimberly D. Turnage, Terri L. Bonebright, Dion C. Buhman, John H. Flowers

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The equivalence of visual and auditory graphical displays was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, multidimensional scaling techniques were applied to paired comparison similarity judgments of both auditory and visual displays of simple periodic wave forms. In Experiment 2, a subset of perceptually similar pairs of wave forms was selected as the stimulus set for an AB–X discrimination task in both auditory and visual modalities. Results suggest much greater apparent visual– auditory equivalence for the similarity rating task than for the more difficult discrimination task, implying that one should consider the demands of the task when deciding whether auditory …

First Report Of Wolffiella Lingulata (Lemnaceae) In Western Mexico, T. L. Morgan, Jeffrey R. Stevens, W. C. Holmes

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Recent field collecting yielded specimens of Wolffielia lingulata from four different locations in Jalisco, thus the genus may now be considered as part of the flora of Nueva Galicia. In the following list of exsiccata, geographical coordinates and elevations were taken with a global positioning system. All CES numbered specimens were collected under the supervision of W. C. Holmes by the aquatic botany class of the Chapala Ecology Station (CES). The Chapala Ecology Station is operated by the Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara and Baylor University.

One-Trial Context Fear Conditioning As A Function Of The Interstimulus Interval, Rick A. Bevins, John J. B. Ayres

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In two experiments, we examined the effects of a wide range of interstimulus intervals (2.5, 15, 45, 120, 135, and 405 sec) on one-trial context fear conditioning with rats. Here, the interstimulus interval (ISI) denotes the time between placement in a conditioning chamber and the onset of a single footshock. On the conditioning day, we observed that the rats’ behavior at the time of shock onset varied systematically across ISI values. On the subsequent test day, we used context-evoked freezing as a measure of context conditioning and found the well-known inverted U-shaped ISI function. We also found that conditioned freezing …

The Impact Of Humor On Energy, Tension, Task Choices, And Attributions: Exploring Hypotheses From Toughness Theory, Richard A. Dienstbier

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Hypotheses derived from toughness theory suggest that nonaggressive humor should lead to increased feelings of energy without influencing tension, to preferences for studying materials that require more effort and energy, and to ratings of mundane laboratory activities as more challenging but not more threatening. Eighty-one college-age men and women were randomly assigned to watch a 12-minute video of Bill Cosby's humor or to watch a nonhumorous control video that analyzed the Cosby comedy routine. The humor condition resulted in significant increases in feelings of energy but not in feelings of tension. The other hypotheses were also confirmed except that performance …