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University of Nebraska - Lincoln

2007

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Articles 1 - 30 of 125

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Oral Immunization Of Rhesus Macaques With Adenoviral Hiv Vaccines Using Enteric-Coated Capsules, George T. Mercier, Pramod N. Nehete, Marco F. Passeri, Bharti N. Nehete, Eric A. Weaver, Nancy Smyth Templeton, Kimberly Schluns, Stephanie S. Buchl, K. Buchl, Michael A. Barry Dec 2007

Oral Immunization Of Rhesus Macaques With Adenoviral Hiv Vaccines Using Enteric-Coated Capsules, George T. Mercier, Pramod N. Nehete, Marco F. Passeri, Bharti N. Nehete, Eric A. Weaver, Nancy Smyth Templeton, Kimberly Schluns, Stephanie S. Buchl, K. Buchl, Michael A. Barry

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Targeted delivery of vaccine candidates to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract holds potential for mucosal immunization, particularly against mucosal pathogens like the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among the different strategies for achieving targeted release in the GI tract, namely the small intestine, pH sensitive enteric coating polymers have been shown to protect solid oral dosage forms from the harsh digestive environment of the stomach and dissolve relatively rapidly in the small intestine by taking advantage of the luminal pH gradient. We developed an enteric polymethacrylate formulation for coating hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose (HPMC) capsules containing lyophilized Adenoviral type 5 (Ad5) vectors expressing HIV-1 gag …

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Reduced Intestinal Colonization Of Adult Beef Cattle By Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Tir Deletion And Nalidixic-Acid-Resistant Mutants Lacking Flagellar Expression, Gustavo Bretschneider, Emil M. Berberov, Rodney A. Moxley Dec 2007

Reduced Intestinal Colonization Of Adult Beef Cattle By Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Tir Deletion And Nalidixic-Acid-Resistant Mutants Lacking Flagellar Expression, Gustavo Bretschneider, Emil M. Berberov, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The importance of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 translocated intimin receptor (Tir) protein in intestinal colonization and the effect of infection with Tir+ strains on protection against subsequent challenge was studied in adult beef cattle. Cattle were orally inoculated (C1) with a Shiga toxin-2++ E. coli O157:H7 strain that was Tir+ or Tir-, and 42 days later were re-challenged (C2) with the nalidixic acid (Nal) R parent strain to test whether prior infection had any effect on fecal shedding. During the first 14 days post-C1, the NalS wildtype (WT) strain was shed at significantly …

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Infl Uence Of Nicotine On Positive Affect In Anhedonic Smokers, Jessica Werth Cook, Bonnie Spring, Dennis E. Mcchargue Dec 2007

Infl Uence Of Nicotine On Positive Affect In Anhedonic Smokers, Jessica Werth Cook, Bonnie Spring, Dennis E. Mcchargue

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Rationale – The possibility that individuals administer nicotine to self-regulate persistent negative affect has received interest as a possible explanation for the high prevalence of affectively vulnerable smokers. Relatively overlooked, however, is the possibility that smokers might also self-administer nicotine to elevate low positive affect. Objectives – This study examined whether nicotine administration augmented anhedonic smokers’ positive affective response to a positive mood induction. Materials and methods – Fifty regular smokers (50% female) underwent two positive mood inductions during which they smoked either a nicotinized or denicotinized cigarette in counterbalanced order. Positive affect was assessed before and at two time …

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Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines As A New In Vitro Model For Studying Adherence And Pathogenesis Of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, Seung Y. Koh, Sajan George, Volker Brozel, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Radhey Kaushik Dec 2007

Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines As A New In Vitro Model For Studying Adherence And Pathogenesis Of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, Seung Y. Koh, Sajan George, Volker Brozel, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Radhey Kaushik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections result in large economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The organism causes diarrhea by adhering to and colonizing enterocytes in the small intestines. While much progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ETEC, no homologous intestinal epithelial cultures suitable for studying porcine ETEC pathogenesis have been described prior to this report. In the current study, we investigated the adherence of various porcine ETEC strains to two porcine (IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2) and one human (INT-407) small intestinal epithelial cell lines. Each cell line was assessed for its ability to support the adherence of …

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Stable Cell Lines Expressing High Levels Of The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Lat Are Refractory To Caspase 3 Activation And Dna Laddering Following Cold Shock Induced Apoptosis, Dale Carpenter, Chinhui Hsiang, Donald J. Brown, Ling Jin, Nelson Osorio, Lbachir Benmohamed, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler Dec 2007

Stable Cell Lines Expressing High Levels Of The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Lat Are Refractory To Caspase 3 Activation And Dna Laddering Following Cold Shock Induced Apoptosis, Dale Carpenter, Chinhui Hsiang, Donald J. Brown, Ling Jin, Nelson Osorio, Lbachir Benmohamed, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency associated transcript (LAT) gene’s anti-apoptosis activity plays a central, but not fully elucidated, role in enhancing the virus’s reactivation phenotype. In transient transfection experiments, LAT increases cell survival following an apoptotic insult in the absence of other HSV-1 genes. However, the high background of untransfected cells has made it difficult to demonstrate that LAT inhibits specific apoptotic factors such as caspases. Here we report that, in mouse neuroblastoma cell lines (C1300) stably expressing high levels of LAT, cold shock induced apoptosis was blocked as judged by increased survival, protection against DNA fragmentation …

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Light-Evoked Calcium Responses Of Isolated Melanopsin- Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells, Andrew T. E. Hartwick, Jayne R. Bramley, Jianing Yu, Kelly T. Stevens, Charles N. Allen, William H. Baldridge, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard Dec 2007

Light-Evoked Calcium Responses Of Isolated Melanopsin- Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells, Andrew T. E. Hartwick, Jayne R. Bramley, Jianing Yu, Kelly T. Stevens, Charles N. Allen, William H. Baldridge, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A small number (<2%) of mammalian retinal ganglion cells express the photopigment melanopsin and are intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). Light depolarizes ipRGCs and increases intracellular calcium levels ( [Ca2+]i ) but the signaling cascades underlying these responses have yet to be elucidated. To facilitate physiological studies on these rare photoreceptors, highly enriched ipRGC cultures from neonatal rats were generated using anti-melanopsin-mediated plate adhesion (immunopanning). This novel approach enabled experiments on isolated ipRGCs, eliminating the potential confounding influence of rod/cone-driven input. Light induced a rise in [Ca2+]i (monitored using fura-2 imaging) in the immunopanned ipRGCs and the source of this Ca2+ signal was investigated. The Ca2+ responses were inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, SKF-96365 (1–2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]ethyl-1H-imidazole), flufenamic acid, …

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Child Maltreatment History And Subsequent Romantic Relationships: Exploring A Psychological Route To Dyadic Difficulties, David K. Dilillo, Terri Lewis, Andrea Di Loreto-Colgan Dec 2007

Child Maltreatment History And Subsequent Romantic Relationships: Exploring A Psychological Route To Dyadic Difficulties, David K. Dilillo, Terri Lewis, Andrea Di Loreto-Colgan

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A sample of 174 college students involved in heterosexual dating relationships was studied lo investigate the role of psychological distress in mediating links between child maltreatment (CM) history and current couple functioning. Females, but not males, with a history of CM reported greater levels of psychological and relationship difficulties than did non-maltreated women. Psychological distress among females was also found to mediate associations between abuse history and various aspects of couple functioning including intimacy, sexuality. and conflict resolution. No such relationships were found for males. The implications of these results and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Negative Mood Regulation Mediates The Relationship Between Distraction And Engagement In Pleasurable Activities Among College Smokers, Lee M. Cohen, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Holly E. R. Morrell Dec 2007

Negative Mood Regulation Mediates The Relationship Between Distraction And Engagement In Pleasurable Activities Among College Smokers, Lee M. Cohen, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Holly E. R. Morrell

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Smoking for negative mood alleviation is a strong predictor of early smoking and early dependence among undergraduates. Little is known about whether adaptive cognitive coping processes (e.g., distraction) may help decrease the likelihood of student smoking for negative mood regulation. The present study tested the hypothesis that distraction would predict (a) greater engagement in adaptive pleasant pastimes and (b) lower rates of smoking behavior among undergraduates (n = 162, 41.9% female). We further assessed whether negative mood regulation expectations would explain both relationships. Results indicated that negative mood regulation fully mediated the relationship between distraction and engagement in pleasurable …

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Child Sexual Abuse, Andrea R. Perry, David K. Dilillo Dec 2007

Child Sexual Abuse, Andrea R. Perry, David K. Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Child sexual abuse (CSA), a social problem of endemic proportions, has existed in all historical eras and societies (Conte 1994; Fergusson and Mullen 1999; Wekerle and Wolfe 1996; Wolfe 1999). Since antiquity, anecdotal records (e.g., legal, artistic, philosophical, and literary accounts) have documented activities that would today be classified as CSA (deMause 1974; Kahr 1991; Olafson, Corwin, and Summit 1993). For instance, a sizable portion of adults in ancient Greek and Roman cultures openly engaged in what is now considered pederasty or rape (deMause 1974; Kahr 1991). Although adult-child sexual encounters have occurred throughout history, perceptions of such practices have …

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Book Review: Using Psychology To Make A Difference, Brian H. Bornstein Dec 2007

Book Review: Using Psychology To Make A Difference, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This is a book whose time has come. It collects papers presented at a symposium on applied psychology held at Claremont Graduate University, and that is fitting, as Claremont has one of the leading programs in applied psychology. Most of the chapter authors (8 of 15) are themselves Claremont faculty, and the editors have also gathered a number of impressive outside contributors, such as Philip Zimbardo, Albert Bandura, Robert Rosenthal, Diane Halpern, Stanley Sue, and Elizabeth Loft us. What all these individuals have in common is an interest in using psychology to better the human condition and, in the words …

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The Fine Line Of Perfectionism: Is It A Strength Or A Weakness In The Workplace?, Lindsay Bousman Nov 2007

The Fine Line Of Perfectionism: Is It A Strength Or A Weakness In The Workplace?, Lindsay Bousman

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Perfectionism has been traditionally researched in the clinical psychology domain. While some research has used a normal student population, research applying perfectionism theories to a normal adult population working in Corporate America has not been conducted. Current research suggests two distinct types of perfectionism, maladaptive and adaptive, with different consequences. In this research, maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism were used to determine that traditional perfectionism measures can be used with a working adult sample to achieve similar psychometric properties, and to preliminarily test hypotheses related to their relationship with other individual difference variables. Second, maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism were used to …

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Perinatal Ph And Neuropsychological Outcomes At Age 3 Years In Children Born Preterm: An Exploratory Study, Kimberly A. Espy, Theresa E. Senn, David A. Charak, Jill Tyler, Sandra A. Wiebe Nov 2007

Perinatal Ph And Neuropsychological Outcomes At Age 3 Years In Children Born Preterm: An Exploratory Study, Kimberly A. Espy, Theresa E. Senn, David A. Charak, Jill Tyler, Sandra A. Wiebe

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

The impact of extreme prematurity and related hypoxic-ischemic events on brain development recently has begun to be characterized with modern neuroimaging methods, although comparatively less is known about the neuropathology in those born at heavier birth weights. Even subclinical levels of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia, as indexed by perinatal blood pH, are related to intelligence in school-aged children born preterm. Given the impact of hypoxia-ischemia on white matter and the emerging evidence of specific executive and mathematic deficits in children born preterm, the impact of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia on these outcomes was explored in children at relatively low-risk for sequelae. In a sample …

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A Bayesian Multilevel Modeling Approach For Data Query In Wireless Sensor Networks, H. Wang, H. Fang, K. A. Espy, D. Peng, H. Sharif Nov 2007

A Bayesian Multilevel Modeling Approach For Data Query In Wireless Sensor Networks, H. Wang, H. Fang, K. A. Espy, D. Peng, H. Sharif

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

In power-limited Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), it is important to reduce the communication load in order to achieve energy savings. This paper applies a novel statistic method to estimate the parameters based on the realtime data measured by local sensors. Instead of transmitting large real-time data, we proposed to transmit the small amount of dynamic parameters by exploiting both temporal and spatial correlation within and between sensor clusters. The temporal correlation is built on the level-1 Bayesian model at each sensor to predict local readings. Each local sensor transmits their local parameters learned from historical measurement data to their cluster …

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Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis To Understand Executive Control In Preschool Children: I. Latent Structure, S. A. Wiebe, K. A. Espy, D. Charak Nov 2007

Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis To Understand Executive Control In Preschool Children: I. Latent Structure, S. A. Wiebe, K. A. Espy, D. Charak

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

Although many tasks have been developed recently to study executive control in the preschool years, the constructs that underlie performance on these tasks are poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear whether executive control is comprised of multiple, separable cognitive abilities (e.g., inhibition and working memory) or whether it is unitary in nature. A sample of 243 normally developing children between 2.25 and 6 years of age completed a battery of age appropriate executive control tasks. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to compare multiple models of executive control empirically. A single-factor, general model was sufficient to account for the …

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2006 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary, Eric Wittenberg, Christopher Wolf Nov 2007

2006 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary, Eric Wittenberg, Christopher Wolf

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

This report summarizes the financial and production records of 139 dairy farms from throughout Michigan in 2006. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The farms are larger than would be the average of all dairy farms in Michigan. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.

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Differences In Virulence Among Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Strains Isolated From Humans During Disease Outbreaks And From Healthy Cattle, Diane R. Baker, Rodney A. Moxley, Mike B. Steele, Jeffrey T. Lejeune, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Ding-Geng Chen, Philip R. Hardwidge, David H. Francis Nov 2007

Differences In Virulence Among Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Strains Isolated From Humans During Disease Outbreaks And From Healthy Cattle, Diane R. Baker, Rodney A. Moxley, Mike B. Steele, Jeffrey T. Lejeune, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Ding-Geng Chen, Philip R. Hardwidge, David H. Francis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes life-threatening outbreaks of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolyticuremic syndrome in humans and significant economic loss in agriculture and could be a potential agent of bioterrorism. Although the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle and other species with which humans have frequent contact is high, human infections are relatively uncommon, despite a low infectious dose. A plausible explanation for the low disease incidence is the possibility that not all strains are virulent in humans. If there are substantial differences in virulence among strains in nature, then human disease may select for high virulence. We used a …

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Gene Family Encoding The Major Toxins Of Lethal Amanita Mushrooms, Heather E. Hallen-Adams, Hong Luo, John S. Scott-Craig, Jonathan D. Walton Nov 2007

Gene Family Encoding The Major Toxins Of Lethal Amanita Mushrooms, Heather E. Hallen-Adams, Hong Luo, John S. Scott-Craig, Jonathan D. Walton

Heather Hallen-Adams Publications

Amatoxins, the lethal constituents of poisonous mushrooms in the genus Amanita, are bicyclic octapeptides. Two genes in A. bisporigera, AMA1 and PHA1, directly encode α-amanitin, an amatoxin, and the related bicyclic heptapeptide phallacidin, a phallotoxin, indicating that these compounds are synthesized on ribosomes and not by nonribosomal peptide synthetases. α-Amanitin and phallacidin are synthesized as proproteins of 35 and 34 amino acids, respectively, from which they are predicted to be cleaved by a prolyl oligopeptidase. AMA1 and PHA1 are present in other toxic species of Amanita section Phalloidae but are absent from nontoxic species in other sections. …

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Implementing Elements Of Evidence-Based Practice Into Scientist–Practitioner Training At The University Of Nebraska–Lincoln, David K. Dilillo, Dennis E. Mcchargue Nov 2007

Implementing Elements Of Evidence-Based Practice Into Scientist–Practitioner Training At The University Of Nebraska–Lincoln, David K. Dilillo, Dennis E. Mcchargue

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become the predominant model of training and is emerging as a common model of practice for many nonpsychology health care professions. Recognizing the relevance of EBP to psychology, the American Psychological Association (APA) developed and endorsed an official policy statement on EBP for the practice of professional psychology. There is now a pressing need to consider ways that EBP can inform scientist–practitioner training. The present article proposes clinical competencies associated with the practice of EBP, and describes initial efforts to implement elements of EBP into training at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. These efforts have occurred in …

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Fluoxetine, Smoking, And History Of Major Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Bonnie Spring, Neal Doran, Sherry Pagoto, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Jessica Werth Cook, Katherine Bailey, John Crayton, Donald Hedecker Nov 2007

Fluoxetine, Smoking, And History Of Major Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Bonnie Spring, Neal Doran, Sherry Pagoto, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Jessica Werth Cook, Katherine Bailey, John Crayton, Donald Hedecker

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The study was a randomized placebo-controlled trial testing whether fluoxetine selectively enhances cessation for smokers with a history of depression. Euthymic smokers with (H+, n = 109) or without (H-, n = 138) a history of major depression received 60 mg fluoxetine or placebo plus group behavioral quit-smoking treatment for 12 weeks. Fluoxetine initially enhanced cessation for H+ smokers (p = .02) but subsequently impaired cessation regardless of depressive history. Six months after quit date, fluoxetine-treated participants were 3.3 times more likely to be smoking (p = .02). Further research is warranted to determine why high-dose fluoxetine produces …

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Enhancement Of Efficacy Of Prrsv Vaccines By Altering The Glycosylation Pattern Of Viral Glycoproteins, Asit K. Pattnaik Oct 2007

Enhancement Of Efficacy Of Prrsv Vaccines By Altering The Glycosylation Pattern Of Viral Glycoproteins, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

PRRSV, the causative agent of PRRS is of major economic significance to the pork industry in the USA and around the world. Current commercial vaccine does not provide adequate protection against PRRSV outbreaks. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of more efficacious vaccine to combat PRRS. Our previous studies have suggested that (i) induction of neutralizing antibody response is an important correlate of evaluating the efficacy of a vaccine; (ii) neutralizing antibodies can be enhanced by hypoglycosylation of the major surface glycoprotein (GP5). While it is known that GP5 plays a prominent role in neutralizing antibody induction, it …

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Otk18, A Zinc-Finger Protein, Regulates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Long Terminal Repeat Through Two Distinct Regulatory Regions, Masahide Horiba, Lindsey B. Martinez, James L. Buescher, Sinji Sato, Jenae Limoges, Yunquan Jiang, Clinton J. Jones, Tsuneya Ikezu Oct 2007

Otk18, A Zinc-Finger Protein, Regulates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Long Terminal Repeat Through Two Distinct Regulatory Regions, Masahide Horiba, Lindsey B. Martinez, James L. Buescher, Sinji Sato, Jenae Limoges, Yunquan Jiang, Clinton J. Jones, Tsuneya Ikezu

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

It has previously been shown by our laboratory that OTK18, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-inducible zinc-finger protein, reduces progeny-virion production in infected human macrophages. OTK18 antiviral activity is mediated through suppression of Tat-induced HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter activity. Through the use of LTR scanning mutant vectors, the specific regions responsible for OTK18-mediated LTR suppression have been defined. Two different LTR regions were identifi ed as potential OTK18-binding sites by an enhanced DNA–transcription factor ELISA system; the negative-regulatory element (NRE) at –255/–238 and the Ets-binding site (EBS) at –150/–139 in the LTR. In addition, deletion of the EBS in …

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Acculturation, Gender, And Alcohol Use Among Mexican American College Students, Marcela Raffaelli, Rosalie A. Torres Stone, Maria I. Iturbide, Meredith Mcginley, Gustavo Carlo, Lisa J. Crockett Oct 2007

Acculturation, Gender, And Alcohol Use Among Mexican American College Students, Marcela Raffaelli, Rosalie A. Torres Stone, Maria I. Iturbide, Meredith Mcginley, Gustavo Carlo, Lisa J. Crockett

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Prior research with non-college samples of Mexican Americans has demonstrated that gender moderates the association between acculturation and alcohol use. We replicated this finding in a college student sample and attempted to account for the differential impact of acculturation on Mexican American men and women by examining the mediating effects of social context, family conflict and psychological functioning. Participants were 148 Mexican Americans (67% female; M age 23 years) from three state universities in California and Texas who completed self-report surveys. In multivariate analyses controlling for age, maternal education, living situation, and site, linguistic acculturation was associated with increased alcohol …

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The Evolutionary Origins Of Human Patience: Temporal Preferences In Chimpanzees, Bonobos, And Human Adults, Alexandra G. Rosati, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Brian Hare, Marc D. Hauser Oct 2007

The Evolutionary Origins Of Human Patience: Temporal Preferences In Chimpanzees, Bonobos, And Human Adults, Alexandra G. Rosati, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Brian Hare, Marc D. Hauser

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

To make adaptive choices, individuals must sometimes exhibit patience, forgoing immediate benefits to acquire more valuable future rewards [1–3]. Although humans account for future consequences when making temporal decisions [4], many animal species wait only a few seconds for delayed benefits [5– 10]. Current research thus suggests a phylogenetic gap between patient humans and impulsive, present-oriented animals [9, 11], a distinction with implications for our understanding of economic decision making [12] and the origins of human cooperation [13]. On the basis of a series of experimental results, we reject this conclusion. First, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees ( …

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A Group M Consensus Envelope Glycoprotein Induces Antibodies That Neutralize Subsets Of Subtype B And C Hiv-1 Primary Viruses, Hua-Xin Liao, Laura L. Sutherland, Shi-Mao Xia, Mary E. Brock, Richard M. Scearce, Stacie Vanleeuwen, S. Munir Alam, Mildred Mcadams, Eric A. Weaver, Zenaido T. Camacho, Ben-Jiang Ma, Yingying Li, Julie M. Decker, Gary J. Nabel, David C. Montefiori, Beatrice H. Hahn, Bette T. Korber, Feng Gao, Barton F. Haynes Sep 2007

A Group M Consensus Envelope Glycoprotein Induces Antibodies That Neutralize Subsets Of Subtype B And C Hiv-1 Primary Viruses, Hua-Xin Liao, Laura L. Sutherland, Shi-Mao Xia, Mary E. Brock, Richard M. Scearce, Stacie Vanleeuwen, S. Munir Alam, Mildred Mcadams, Eric A. Weaver, Zenaido T. Camacho, Ben-Jiang Ma, Yingying Li, Julie M. Decker, Gary J. Nabel, David C. Montefiori, Beatrice H. Hahn, Bette T. Korber, Feng Gao, Barton F. Haynes

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

HIV-1 subtype C is the most common HIV-1 group M subtype in Africa and many parts of Asia. However, to date HIV-1 vaccine candidate immunogens have not induced potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies against subtype C primary isolates. We have used a centralized gene strategy to address HIV-1 diversity, and generated a group M consensus envelope gene with shortened consensus variable loops (CON-S) for comparative studies with wildtype (WT) Env immunogens. Our results indicate that the consensus HIV-1 group M CON-S Env elicited cross-subtype neutralizing antibodies of similar or greater breadth and titer than the WT Envs tested, indicating the …

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Isotype-Specific Antibody Responses Against Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Locus Of Enterocyte Effacement Proteins In Adult Beef Cattle Following Experimental Infection, G. Bretschneider, E. M. Berberov, Rodney A. Moxley Aug 2007

Isotype-Specific Antibody Responses Against Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Locus Of Enterocyte Effacement Proteins In Adult Beef Cattle Following Experimental Infection, G. Bretschneider, E. M. Berberov, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important food-borne pathogen and cause of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Cattle are an important reservoir of E. coli O157:H7, in which the organism colonizes the intestinal tract and is shed in the feces. Vaccination of cattle has significant potential as a pre-harvest intervention strategy for E. coli O157:H7; however, basic information about the bovine immune responses to important bacterial colonization factors resulting from infection has not been reported. The serum and fecal IgG and IgA antibody responses of adult cattle to E. coli O157:H7 intimin, translocated intimin receptor (Tir), E. coli …

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Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (Lmw-Ptp) And Its Possible Physiological Functions Of Redox Signaling In The Eye Lens, Kuiyi Xing, Ashraf Raza, Stefan Lofgren, M. Rohan Fernando, Ye-Shih Ho, Marjorie F. Lou Aug 2007

Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (Lmw-Ptp) And Its Possible Physiological Functions Of Redox Signaling In The Eye Lens, Kuiyi Xing, Ashraf Raza, Stefan Lofgren, M. Rohan Fernando, Ye-Shih Ho, Marjorie F. Lou

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) was cloned from human lens epithelial B3 cells (HLE B3) and the recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity. The pure enzyme reacted positively with anti-LMW-PTP antibody, displayed tyrosine-specific phosphatase activity and was extremely sensitive to H2O2. The inactivated LMW-PTP could be regenerated by thioltransferase (TTase)/GSH system as demonstrated by both activity assay and by mass spectrometry (MS). The MS study also showed that an intramolecular disulfide bond was formed between C13 and C18 at the active site, and was reduced by the TTase/GSH system. The putative role of LMW-PTP in regulating platelet derived …

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Bupropion And Nicotine Patch As Smoking Cessation Aids In Alcoholics, Kathleen M. Grant, Stephanie Sinclair Kelley, Lynette M. Smith, Sangeeta Agrawal, James R. Meyer, Debra J. Romberger Aug 2007

Bupropion And Nicotine Patch As Smoking Cessation Aids In Alcoholics, Kathleen M. Grant, Stephanie Sinclair Kelley, Lynette M. Smith, Sangeeta Agrawal, James R. Meyer, Debra J. Romberger

Public Health Resources

This is a double blind placebo controlled study of sustained release bupropion as a smoking cessation aid in alcoholics undergoing treatment for their alcoholism. Participants (N=58) were enrolled within one week of entry into alcohol treatment from community and Veterans Affairs Substance Use Disorder programs. All participants received nicotine patch and were invited to attend a smoking cessation lecture and group. Cigarette smoking and alcohol outcomes were measured at six months. Bupropion when added to nicotine patch did not improve smoking outcomes. One-third of participants on bupropion reported discontinuing the drug during weeks 1-4. Participants reported cigarette outcomes with nicotine …

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Repeat Organic Dust Exposure–Induced Monocyte Inflammation Is Associated With Protein Kinase C Activity, Jill A. Poole, Todd A. Wyatt, Susanna G. Von Essen, John Hervert, Conrad Parks, Tracy Mathisen, Debra J. Romberger Aug 2007

Repeat Organic Dust Exposure–Induced Monocyte Inflammation Is Associated With Protein Kinase C Activity, Jill A. Poole, Todd A. Wyatt, Susanna G. Von Essen, John Hervert, Conrad Parks, Tracy Mathisen, Debra J. Romberger

Public Health Resources

Background: Organic dust exposure results in an inflammatory response that attenuates over time, but repetitive exposures can result in chronic respiratory diseases. Mechanisms underlying this modulated response are not clear.
Objective: This study investigated the effects of repeat versus single organic dust exposure–induced inflammatory mediators and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in monocytes.
Methods: Settled organic dust was obtained from swine confinement facilities. Promonocytic THP-1 cells and human peripheral blood monocytes were pretreated with or without dust extract and then restimulated. Culture supernatants were evaluated for TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8, and IL-10. Responses were compared with endotoxin-depleted dust, LPS, and peptidoglycan. …

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Nicotine As A Conditioned Stimulus: Impact Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications, Carmela M. Reichel, Jessica D. Linkugel, Rick A. Bevins Jul 2007

Nicotine As A Conditioned Stimulus: Impact Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications, Carmela M. Reichel, Jessica D. Linkugel, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

People diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at an increased risk to start smoking and have greater difficulty quitting. Nicotine, one of the principal addictive components of tobacco smoke, functioned as a conditioned stimulus (CS) for intermittent sucrose delivery in a Pavlovian drug discrimination task with rats. This study compared the ability of commonly prescribed ADHD medications (i.e., methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and bupropion) and additional dopamine reuptake inhibitors (i.e., cocaine and GBR 12909) to substitute for the CS effects of nicotine. Atomoxetine was also used to antagonize these CS effects. Rats acquired the discrimination as evidenced by increased dipper entries in …

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A Specialized Domestic Violence Court In South Carolina: An Example Of Procedural Justice For Victims And Defendants, Angela R. Gover, Eve M. Brank, John M. Macdonald Jun 2007

A Specialized Domestic Violence Court In South Carolina: An Example Of Procedural Justice For Victims And Defendants, Angela R. Gover, Eve M. Brank, John M. Macdonald

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The current research details interviews with 50 victims and 50 defendants who participated in a specialized criminal domestic violence court in Lexington County, South Carolina. These victims and defendants indicated satisfaction with their court experiences, thought the process allowed them to voice their views, felt they were treated with respect, and were generally satisfied with the outcome of their cases. Court observations and interviews with court personnel confirmed that this court has successfully incorporated victims and defendants into the decision-making process while also providing a fair system to address the issue of violence against women.

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