Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Differential Relations Of Parent And Peer Attachment To Adolescent Adjustment, Deborah J. Laible, Gustavo Carlo, Marcela Raffaelli

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Whether or not close emotional relationships with parents and peers serve similar functions for adolescent adjustment is an issue of increasing interest. The present study was designed to examine the relations between parent and peer attachment and adolescent adjustment. Eighty-nine adolescents (M age = 16.1 years, SD = 1.8 years) completed self-report measures of parent and peer attachment, sympathy, academic efficacy, aggression, anxiety, and depression. Adolescents were divided into four groups on the basis of their parent and peer attachment scores: those high on both, those low on both, those high on peer but low on parent attachment, and those …

Conditioned Place Preference: What Does It Add To Our Preclinical Understanding Of Drug Reward?, M. T. Bardo, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Rationale: Among the various experimental protocols that have been used to measure drug reward in laboratory animals, conditioned place preference (CPP) has been one of the most popular. However, a number of controversial issues have surrounded the use of this experimental protocol.
Objective: The present review provides a theoretical overview of some critical issues relevant to CPP. The advantages and limitations of CPP are also covered.
Results: Based on modern and traditional theoretical formulations of Pavlovian conditioning, CPP appears to reflect a preference for a context due to the contiguous association between the context and a drug stimulus. Within this …

Precious Little Guidance: Jury Instruction On Damage Awards, Edith Greene, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Jury instructions on damage awards are notoriously vague and ambiguous. As a result, awards are sometimes unexpected and seemingly illogical. In this article, the authors argue that jury instructions regarding damages are vague because the law of damages itself is purposefully ambiguous—allowing particularized justice across a variety of different circumstances. The authors review research on comprehension and application of substantive jury instructions related to damages and on procedural variations at trial (e.g., use of preinstruction, bifurcation, blindfolding jurors to various issues, special verdict forms, caps on damages, and instruction revision) that impact the substantive instructions that jurors receive from the …

Understanding The Dynamics Of Child Maltreatment: Child Harm, Family Healing, And Public Policy (Discussant's Commentary), Ross A. Thompson

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

For almost a half-century, the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation has profiled many of the evolving themes and issues at the heart of psychology. It has also documented, less directly, changes in society. When the symposium was inaugurated in 1951, child maltreatment was a sad reality of life for many children, but it was not a topic of considerable professional attention. With the identification of the "battered child syndrome" (Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemueller, & Silver, 1962) in the early 1960s, however, professional concern with the plight of abused and neglected children quickly grew. National attention to child maltreatment also increased as …

Introduction Of Motivation And Child Maltreatment: Volume 46 Of The Nebraska Symposium On Motivation, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

There are at least two great luxuries associated with being coordinator of the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. One is choosing the topic or major theme of the prestigious and influential conference. The second is selecting the speakers. It is great to sit back and think about all of the leading scholars in the field and decide who you would like to hear speak and have contribute a chapter to the volume. This 46th Annual Nebraska Symposium on Motivation brought together a distinguished panel of scholars who explored issues related to motivation and child maltreatment.

Prevalence Of Antibody To Hepatitis E Virus Among Rodents In The United States, Michael O. Favorov, Michael Y. Kosoy, Sergei A. Tsarev, James E. Childs, Harold S. Margolis

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The recent identification of antibody to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs, sheep, and cattle and characterization of an HEV isolated from domestic pigs suggest animal reservoirs for this virus. To investigate whether rodents might be a natural reservoir of HEV, the prevalence of anti-HEV was determined among a variety of species throughout the United States. Serum samples were obtained from 806 rodents of 26 species in 15 genera. Anti-HEV prevalence was assessed by 2 EIAs (mosaic protein- and 55-kDa protein-based), which gave concordant results. The highest prevalence of antibody was found in the genus Rattus (59.7%; 66/278). Overall, rodents …

Incidence Of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Among American Indians In Oklahoma, Jennifer H. Mcquiston, Robert C. Holman, Amy V. Groom, Stephen F. Kaufman, James E. Cheek, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Althought he state of Oklahoma has traditionally reported very high incidence rates of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) cases, the incidence of RMSF among the American Indian population of the state has not been studied. The authors used data from several sources to estimate the incidence of RMSF among American Indians in Oklahoma.

Decomposition Can Harm The Accuracy Of Behavioral Frequency Reports, Robert Belli, Norbert Schwarz, Eleanor Singer, Jennifer Talarico

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In survey research, the use of decomposition can lead to pronounced reporting errors as seen by overreporting and overall reporting error. A total of 87 subjects answered either decomposed or undecomposed questions concerning telephone calls made by them while at work. The questionnaire conditions varied the length of the reference period (1 week or 6 months), and the type of call (local or long-distance). Decomposition conditions introduced either spatial or temporal cues. In all comparisons, decomposed questions increased over- reporting bias relative to undecomposed questions. In addition, undecomposed questions with a 1-week reference period led to increased overreporting bias in …

Response To Critique Of The Claim Of Cannibalism At Cowboy Wash, Patricia M. Lambert, Banks L. Leonard, Brian R. Billman, Richard A. Marlar, Margaret E. Newman, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

The original authors of Billman et af. (2000) are joined by three other analysts from the Cowboy Wash research team to respond to the critique of this article by Dongoske et af. (2000). Dongoske and his coauthors state that Billman et af. (2000) failed to test alternative hypotheses or to consider alternative explanations for the findings at 5MTJOOJO and similar sites. The original authors point out that alternative hypotheses were examined and rejected, leaving a violent episode of cannibalism as the most plausible explanation for the remains found at 5MTJOOJO. Dongoske et af. also question many aspects of the osteological, …

Primary Isolation Of Ehrlichia Chaffeensis From Patients With Febrile Illnesses: Clinical And Molecular Characteristics, Steven M. Standaert, Tina Yu, Margie A. Scott, James E. Childs, Christopher D. Paddock, William L. Nicholson, Joseph Singleton Jr., Martin J. Blaser

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Ehrlichia chaffeensis was sought among patients with a history of tick exposure and fever, and the accuracy of other diagnostic tests was compared with that of primary isolation. Among the 38 patients enrolled, E. chaffeensis was isolated from the blood of 7 (18%) and from cerebrospinal fluid specimens of 2 of these 7. All 7 patients also were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, and 6 patients developed diagnostic titers of antibody to E. chaffeensis. The isolates were characterized by molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the 120-kDa protein gene, and the variable-length PCR target (VLPT) …

Expression Of Biologically Active Human Butyrylcholinesterase In The Cabbage Looper (Trichoplusia Ni), Peter L. Platteborze, Clarence A. Broomfield

United States Army: Publications

This investigation examined the utility of three recombinant protein-expression systems (COS cells, insect cells and insect larvae) to cost-effectively produce biologically active human butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). It was determined that baculovirus-infected insect cells (Sf9 and High 5) expressed 3.5- and 8.2-fold, respectively, more active enzyme than COS-7 cells. Baculovirus-infected cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) insect larvae produced over 26 times more than High 5 cells ; in fact, one baculovirus-infected insect larva provided more active protein than 100 ml of insect cell culture. Analysis of the larvally expressed proteins revealed that the vast majority of BuChE expressed was inactive due to …

Mortality In Serologically Unconfirmed Mediterranean Spotted Fever [With Reply], Pablo Yagupsky, Christopher D. Paddock, James E. Childs, Sherif R. Zaki, Stephen A. Berger

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

I read with interest the article by Paddock et al. [1], who described the detection of occult mortality due to Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) by demonstrating Rickettsia rickettsii antigens or DNA in blood and tissues. In Mediterranean countries, including Israel, spotted fever is caused by members of the R. conorii complex, which are antigenically related to R. rickettsii. ...

To the Editor -- We appreciate the comments by Yagupsky, which underscore several of the salient features of spotted fever- group rickettsial infections that we emphasized in our report [2]. For patients, diagnosticians, and clinicians faced with the potentially tragic …

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: 2000 Annual Report

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

Foreword, 2000 John A . Schmitz. Professor and Department Head
Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Personnel
Faculty Profiles
Teaching program
Research program
Extension Program
Nebraska Veterinary and Diagnostic Laboratory Systems
Grants and Contracts Funded or Active in 2000
Patents by VBMS Faculty in 2000
Publications by VBMS Faculty in 2000
Presentations by VBMS Faculty in 2000
Articles Regarding the Department in 2000
Selected Committees, Editorial and Other Appointments of VBMS Faculty
Departmental Budget Summaries
Nebraska Agricultural Statistics 1999

‘Gene Shaving’ As A Method For Identifying Distinct Sets Of Genes With Similar Expression Patterns, Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, Michael B. Eisen, Ash Alizadeh, Ronald Levy, Louis Staudt, Wing C. Chan, David Botstein, Patrick Brown

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Large gene expression studies, such as those conducted using DNA arrays, often provide millions of different pieces of data. To address the problem of analyzing such data, we describe a statistical method, which we have called ‘gene shaving’. The method identifies subsets of genes with coherent expression patterns and large variation across conditions. Gene shaving differs from hierarchical clustering and other widely used methods for analyzing gene expression studies in that genes may belong to more than one cluster, and the clustering may be supervised by an outcome measure. The technique can be ‘unsupervised’, that is, the genes and …

Interleukin-1 Polymorphisms Associated With Increased Risk Of Gastric Cancer, Emad M. El-Omar, Mary Carrington, Wong-Ho Chow, Kenneth E. L. Mccoll, Jay H. Bream, Howard A. Young, Jesus Herrera, Jolanta Lissowska, Chiu-Chin Yuan, Nathaniel Rothman, George Lanyon, Maureen Martin, Joseph F. Fraumeni Jr., Charles S. Rabkin

United States Public Health Resources

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a variety of clinical outcomes including gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease¹. The reasons for this variation are not clear, but the gastric physiological response is influenced by the severity and anatomical distribution of gastritis induced by H. pylori. Thus, individuals with gastritis predominantly localized to the antrum retain normal (or even high) acid secretion², whereas individuals with extensive corpus gastritis develop hypochlorhydria and gastric atrophy³, which are presumptive precursors of gastric cancer4. Here we report that interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms suspected of enhancing production of interleukin-1-beta …

U.S. Obstetric Procedures, 1998, Sally C. Curtin, T. J. Mathews

United States Public Health Resources

According to the latest birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics, the use of electronic fetal monitoring, ultrasound, stimulation of labor, and induction of labor continued to rise in 1998 to unprecedented levels (1). At the same time, the total cesarean rate, which had fallen each year from 1989 to 1996, rose for the second consecutive year while the primary cesarean rate (rate per 100 births to women with no previous cesarean) rose for the first time during the 1989–1998 period. After increasing by 50 percent between 1989 and 1996, the rate of vaginal birth after previous cesarean …

The Annual Report To The Nation On The Status Of Cancer, 1973– 1997, With A Special Section On Colorectal Cancer, Lynn A. G. Ries, Phyllis A. Wingo, Daniel S. Miller, Holly L. Howe, Hannah K. Weir, Harry M. Rosenberg, Sally W. Vernon, Kathleen Cronin, Brenda K. Edwards

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. This annual report to the nation addresses progress in cancer prevention and control in the U.S. with a special section on colorectal cancer. This report is the joint effort of the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), including the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).

METHODS. Age-adjusted rates were based on cancer incidence data from the NCI and NAACCR and underlying cause of death as compiled by NCHS. Joinpoint analysis was based on NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and …

Hyperphosphorylation Of The Asialoglycoprotein Receptor In Isolated Rat Hepatocytes Following Ethanol Administration, Benita L. Mcvicker, Dean J. Tuma, Carol A. Casey

United States Public Health Resources

Ethanol administration leads to altered function and impaired receptor-mediated endocytosis of the hepatocyte asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of ethanol on the phosphorylation of the ASGP-R to determine whether this post-translational modification could contribute mechanistically to the observed ethanol-induced alterations. The methodological approach of this work involved the measurement of the phosphorylation state of the receptor obtained from isolated rat hepatocytes, using a combination of experimental designs from the biosynthetic incorporation of phosphate to the determination of steady-state phosphotyrosine levels. We report here that both short-term (1- to 2-week) and chronic …

Genetic Characterization Of H3n2 Influenza Viruses Isolated From Pigs In North America, 1977–1999: Evidence For Wholly Human And Reassortant Virus Genotypes, Alexander I. Karasin, Melissa M. Schutten, Lynn A. Cooper, Catherine B. Smith, Kanta Subbarao, Gary A. Anderson, Suzanne Carman, Christopher W. Olsen

United States Public Health Resources

Since 1998, H3N2 viruses have caused epizootics of respiratory disease in pigs throughout the major swine production regions of the U.S. These outbreaks are remarkable because swine influenza in North America had previously been caused almost exclusively by H1N1 viruses. We sequenced the full-length protein coding regions of all eight RNA segments from four H3N2 viruses that we isolated from pigs in the Midwestern U.S. between March 1998 and March 1999, as well as from H3N2 viruses recovered from a piglet in Canada in January 1997 and from a pig in Colorado in 1977. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the 1977 …

Lessons Learned In Applying The U.S. Epa Proposed Cancer Guidelines To Specific Compounds, Melvin Andersen, M. Elizabeth Meek, Gary Boorman, David Brusick, Samuel Cohen, Yvonne Dragan, Clay Frederick, Jay Goodman, Gordon Hard, Ellen O'Flaherty, Denise Robinson

United States Public Health Resources

An expert panel was convened to evaluate the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s “Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment” through their application to data sets for chloroform (CHCl₃) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA). The panel also commented on perceived strengths and limitations encountered in applying the guidelines to these specific compounds. This latter aspect of the panel’s activities is the focus of this perspective. The panel was very enthusiastic about the evolution of these proposed guidelines, which represent a major step forward from earlier EPA guidance on cancer-risk assessment. These new guidelines provide the latitude to consider diverse scientific data …

Use Of Gis To Evaluate Livestock-Wildlife Interactions Relative To Tuberculosis Spread On Molokai Island, Hawaii, Stephanie Bany, Jerome Freier

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Historically, bovine tuberculosis has occurred and been eradicated several times on the Hawaiian island of Molokai. After the most recent depopulation of cattle, TB was again identified in an adult cow in 1997, thus continuing the investigation into why bovine tuberculosis is reoccurring on the island. The Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health (CEAH) have implemented spatial analysis using ArcView software that, along with epidemiological investigations, attempts to identify the environmental factors responsible for maintaining this disease in natural foci. To examine the ecological aspects of tuberculosis transmission from wildlife to livestock, and to identify the foci of infection, we …

Identification Of The Transactivation Domain Of The Transcription Factor Sox-2 And An Associated Co-Activator, Tamara K. Nowling, Lance R. Johnson, Matthew S. Wiebe, Angie Rizzino

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The importance of interactions between Sox and POU transcription factors in the regulation of gene expression is becoming increasingly apparent. Recently, many examples of the involvement of Sox-POU partnerships in transcription have been discovered, including a partnership between Sox-2 and Oct-3. Little is known about the mechanisms by which these factors modulate transcription. To better understand the molecular interactions involved, we mapped the location of the transactivation do-main of Sox-2. This was done in the context of its interaction with Oct-3, as well as its ability to transactivate as a fusion protein linked to the DNA-binding domain of Gal4. Both …

Quantitative Image Analysis Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication In Macrophages Coinfected With Mycobacterium Avium Complex, Qingsheng Li, Keith G. Mansfield, Andrew Lackner, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

Mycobacterium avium is the most frequent cause of disseminated bacterial infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and in rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. This animal model of AIDS was used to test the hypothesis that this frequent association is the result of reciprocal enhancement of replication of both microorganisms. The replication of M. avium and SIV was analyzed in lymphatic tissues obtained from rhesus macaques experimentally inoculated with SIVmac who developed or remained free of overt M. avium infection. In situ hybridization, quantitative image analysis, and staining of M. avium and of macrophages …

Striving To Do Well What Comes Naturally: Social Support, Developmental Psychopathology, And Social Policy, Ross A. Thompson, Lenna Ontai

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Social support can have significant stress-preventive and stress-buffering benefits for troubled individuals in everyday circumstances. Consequently, it is not surprising that many therapeutic and preventive programs enlist social support to address problems of child and family psychopathology, especially in the context of “two-generation interventions” that seek to improve child well-being by strengthening parental functioning and parent–child relationships. Home visitation programs are the best known of these two-generation strategies and have become the focus of state-level and national efforts to support families and prevent harm to children. The conclusions of basic research studies on social support converge significantly with the findings …

Comparison Of Postmortem Techniques For The Detection Of Mycobacterium Bovis In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Scott D. Fitzgerald, John B. Kaneene, Kelly L. Butler, Kathy R. Clarke, Jean S. Fierke, Stephen M. Schmitt, Colleen S. Bruning-Fann, Rachel R. Mitchell, Dale E. Berry, Janet B. Payeur

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

A retrospective study of various diagnostic postmortem techniques used in a 4-year surveillance program for detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was conducted. The tests evaluated were routine histopathology, acid-fast staining, detection of acid-fast bacilli in culture, and an M. tuberculosis group-specific genetic probe applied to pure cultures. Each of these techniques were compared with a reference or “gold standard” of mycobacterial culture and identification. Histopathology, the most rapid form of testing for M. bovis infection in white-tailed deer samples, had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 87%, resulting in a …

Tsc3p Is An 80-Amino Acid Protein Associated With Serine Palmitoyltransferase And Required For Optimal Enzyme Activity, Ken Gable, Harry Slife, Dagmar Bacikova, Erin Monaghan, Teresa M. Dunn

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Serine palmitoyltransferase catalyzes the first step of sphingolipid synthesis, condensation of serine and palmitoyl CoA to form the long chain base 3-ketosphinganine. The LCB1/TSC2 and LCB2/TSC1 genes encode homologous proteins of the a-oxoamine synthase family required for serine palmitoyltransferase activity. The other a-oxoamine synthases are soluble homodimers, but serine palmitoyltransferase is a membrane-associated enzyme composed of at least two subunits, Lcb1p and Lcb2p. Here, we report the characterization of a third gene, TSC3, required for optimal 3-ketosphinganine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae cells lacking the TSC3 gene have a temperature-sensitive lethal phenotype that is reversed by supplying …

Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Beef Cattle Presented For Slaughter In The U.S.: Higher Prevalence Rates Than Previously Estimated, Lisa J. Gansheroff, Alison D. O'Brien

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Before 1982, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had identified only one Escherichia coli isolate of the O157:H7 serotype; it had been isolated from a patient with bloody diarrhea. Then, in 1982, two outbreaks of severe bloody diarrhea occurred among people who had eaten hamburgers at a fast food chain. The CDC isolated E. coli O157:H7 from people who had become ill as well as from a hamburger patty. In 1983, Karmali et al. discovered an association between infection with E. coli that produce Shiga toxin (then called Vero toxin), including O157:H7 strains, and another severe and sometimes …

Versatility From A Single Song: The Case Of The Nightingale Wren, Daniel Leger, Katherine E. Brooks, Judith E. O'Brien

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Versatility in song production of birds has drawn considerable attention since its description by Hartshorne (1956), who suggested that birds vary their vocal output to avoid habituation in listeners, especially if singing is extensive. The best-known route to song versatility involves creating permutations and combinations of song elements learned from neighbors or relatives, combined with improvisations (Nowicki et al. 1999). Birds may learn whole songs or individual song elements, which then may be arranged in novel ways.

Versatility might be achieved in other ways besides acquiring numerous song types. For example, individuals could shift the tempo of their songs by …

Isovolumic Regulation In Nervous Tissue: A Novel Mechanism Of Cell Volume Regulation, O. Quesada, R. Franco, K. Hernandez-Fonseca, K. Tuz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cell volume regulation is a property present in most animal cell lineages that allows them to recover their original volume after events of swelling or shrinkage. Such events can be caused by changes in external osmolarity or to osmotic gradients generated during normal cell functioning.4,6 The mechanism of cell volume regulation involves transmembrane fluxes of osmotically active solutes in the necessary direction to counteract the net gain or loss of intracellular water.9 The process through which cells recover their normal volume after swelling is named Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD). This consists of the efflux of inorganic osmolytes, such as K …

Elaeophorosis In Red Deer From Spain, Mónica Santín-Durán, J. M. Alunda, J. M. San Miguel, Eric P. Hoberg, C. De La Fuente

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Elaeophorosis, caused by Elaeophora elaphi, was observed in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Toledo Province (Spain) for the first time. Adult specimens of Elaeophora elaphi were found in the hepatic vessels of nine of 151 red deer between October 1994 and September 1995; intensity of infection was two to 18 nematodes per host. Adult nematodes were only found during the period from fall through early spring. No differences were present between sex or age groups. Parasites were not found in a limited sample from fallow deer (Dama dama). Blood samples were negative for the presence of …