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Articles 4111 - 4140 of 5204

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Doing Rawls Justice: An Experimental Study Of Income Distribution Norms, Philip A. Michelbach, John T. Scott, Richard E. Matland, Brian H. Bornstein Jul 2003

Doing Rawls Justice: An Experimental Study Of Income Distribution Norms, Philip A. Michelbach, John T. Scott, Richard E. Matland, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Distributive justice has been the focus of political theory with the postwar rise of the social welfare state, and Rawls’ A Theory of Justice (1971) is arguably the most important work of political philosophy during that period. Parallel to this theoretical literature is a body of empirical research into distributive justice. We offer a synthesis of the theoretical and empirical approaches with an experimental study of how individuals use allocation principles in making judgments concerning income distribution under conditions of strict impartiality. Our experiment is designed in part to examine the extent to which they prioritize them consistent with Rawls’ …

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Co-Occurring Forms Of Child Maltreatment And Adult Adjustment Reported By Latina College Students, John C. Clemmons, David Dilillo, Isaac G. Martinez, Sarah Degue, Michelle Jeffcott Jun 2003

Co-Occurring Forms Of Child Maltreatment And Adult Adjustment Reported By Latina College Students, John C. Clemmons, David Dilillo, Isaac G. Martinez, Sarah Degue, Michelle Jeffcott

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objectives: This study had two primary objectives: First, to examine the nature and co-occurrence of various forms of child maltreatment (sexual, physical. emotional, and witnessing violence) reported by Latina college students, and second, to explore coexisting maltreatment types and acculturation status as possible contributors to long-term adjustment difficulties.

Method: Participants were 112 Latina undergraduate students categorized by the number of childhood maltreatment types experienced (0, 1, or 2 or more) and acculturation level (1 to 5). The possible effects of co-occurring forms of maltreatment, in conjunction with acculturation status, were investigated with respect to participants’ reported trauma symptomatology. Data were …

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Identification Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Sequences That Both Inhibit Apoptosis And Enhance The Spontaneous Reactivation Phenotype, Ling Jin, Weiping Peng, Guey-Chuen Perng, David J. Brick, Anthony B. Nesburn, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler Jun 2003

Identification Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Sequences That Both Inhibit Apoptosis And Enhance The Spontaneous Reactivation Phenotype, Ling Jin, Weiping Peng, Guey-Chuen Perng, David J. Brick, Anthony B. Nesburn, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene is essential for the high spontaneous and induced reactivation phenotype of HSV-1 in the rabbit ocular model and for the high induced reactivation phenotype in the mouse ocular model. Recently we showed that LAT has an antiapoptosis function, and we hypothesized that LAT’s ability to inhibit apoptosis played an important role in LAT’s ability to enhance the reactivation phenotype. Expression of just the first 1.5 kb of the 8.3-kb LAT gene is sufficient for both inhibition of apoptosis in an in vitro transient-transfection assay and the high spontaneous reactivation …

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Review Of Molecular Infection Biology: Interactions Between Mircoorganisms And Cells By Jörg Hacker And Jürgen Heesemann, Jeffrey D. Cirillo Jun 2003

Review Of Molecular Infection Biology: Interactions Between Mircoorganisms And Cells By Jörg Hacker And Jürgen Heesemann, Jeffrey D. Cirillo

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Pathogenesis is one potential outcome of the constant struggle between host defenses and the desire of microorganisms to acquire a privileged niche. This mutually competitive evolutionary process has resulted in interactions among complex and often elegant systems throughout the course of infections. The complexity of these interactions and the large number of infectious agents that exist makes the introduction of students to infectious diseases, as well as a comprehensive review of the field, an extremely daunting task. This book provides just such a comprehensive and timely description of the field in a manner that is easily understandable and enjoyable to …

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The Ignored Disease: The Aids Epidemic 1981–1987, Heather L. Graff, Heather Graff Bloom May 2003

The Ignored Disease: The Aids Epidemic 1981–1987, Heather L. Graff, Heather Graff Bloom

College of Journalism and Mass Communications: Theses

Less than six months after Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th president of the United States, the federal Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta reported pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, in five gay men. In the United States, AIDS was first diagnosed among gay men in New York City and San Francisco. There were several media trends for AIDS coverage in the 1980s. In the early 1980s, AIDS was mainly thought of as a gay-related disease. In the mid- l 980s, AIDS cases were found in hemophiliacs, intravenous drug users and "celebrities." Coverage in the late 1980s focused on heterosexuals and …

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Association Of Borrelia Garinii And B. Valaisiana With Songbirds In Slovakia, Klara Hanincova, Veronika Taragelova, Juraj Koci, Stefanie M. Schafer, Rosie Hails, Amy J. Ullmann, Joseph Piesman, Milan Labuda, Klaus Kurtenbach May 2003

Association Of Borrelia Garinii And B. Valaisiana With Songbirds In Slovakia, Klara Hanincova, Veronika Taragelova, Juraj Koci, Stefanie M. Schafer, Rosie Hails, Amy J. Ullmann, Joseph Piesman, Milan Labuda, Klaus Kurtenbach

United States Public Health Resources

In Europe, 6 of the 11 genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are prevalent in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks. In most parts of Central Europe, B. afzelii, B. garinii, and B. valaisiana are the most frequent species, whereas B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. bissettii, and B. lusitaniae are rare. Previously, it has been shown that B. afzelii is associated with European rodents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify reservoir hosts of B. garinii and B. valaisiana in Slovakia. Songbirds were captured in a woodland near Bratislava and investigated for engorged ticks. Questing I. ricinus ticks …

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Parent-Adolescent Communication About Sex: Retrospective Reports By Latino College Students, Marcela Raffaelli, Stephanie Green May 2003

Parent-Adolescent Communication About Sex: Retrospective Reports By Latino College Students, Marcela Raffaelli, Stephanie Green

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Latina female (n = 97) and Latino male (n = 69) college students (M age =21.4 years) completed self-report surveys regarding family of origin experiences, including sexual communication with parents while growing up. Latino parents of this comparatively highly educated sample tended to use direct rather than indirect strategies for communicating about sexuality with their children. Young women reported higher levels of sexual communication with mothers while growing up than did young men, and respondents reported less communication with fathers than mothers. Among young women, sexual communication with mother was positively associated with non-Mexican origin and negatively associated with having …

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Effects Of A Multicomponent Intervention On Motivation And Sun Protection Behaviors Among Midwestern Beachgoers, Sherry Pagota, Dennis E. Mcchargue, R. Wayne Fuqua Apr 2003

Effects Of A Multicomponent Intervention On Motivation And Sun Protection Behaviors Among Midwestern Beachgoers, Sherry Pagota, Dennis E. Mcchargue, R. Wayne Fuqua

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Skin cancer is the most prevalent of all cancers in the United States. Although avoiding sun exposure and using sun protection reduces skin cancer risk, rates of such behaviors are moderate at best. The present study examined the impact of a multicomponent intervention that aimed to increase the saliency of skin cancer risk while promoting the use of sun protection. Midwestern beachgoers (n = 100) participated in an intervention or questionnaire-only control group. Sun protection, stage of change, and sun exposure were measured at baseline and 2-month follow-up. The intervention group significantly improved in sun protection use and stage of …

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Infection Of Cattle With A Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Strain That Contains A Mutation In The Latency-Related Gene Leads To Increased Apoptosis In Trigeminal Ganglia During The Transition From Acute Infection To Latency, Luciane Lovato, Melissa Inman, Gail A. Henderson, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones Apr 2003

Infection Of Cattle With A Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Strain That Contains A Mutation In The Latency-Related Gene Leads To Increased Apoptosis In Trigeminal Ganglia During The Transition From Acute Infection To Latency, Luciane Lovato, Melissa Inman, Gail A. Henderson, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle and infection is usually initiated via the ocular or nasal cavity. After acute infection, the primary site for BHV-1 latency is sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG). Reactivation from latency occurs sporadically, resulting in virus shedding and transmission to uninfected cattle. The only abundant viral transcript expressed during latency is the latencyrelated (LR) RNA. An LR mutant was constructed by inserting three stop codons near the beginning of the LR RNA. This mutant grows to wild-type (wt) efficiency in bovine kidney cells and in the nasal cavity of acutely …

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Pregnancy, Drug Testing, And The Fourth Amendment: Legal And Behavioral Implications, Brian H. Bornstein Mar 2003

Pregnancy, Drug Testing, And The Fourth Amendment: Legal And Behavioral Implications, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In its efforts to protect the health of unborn children, the government is increasingly attempting to regulate pregnant women’s conduct. As with other policies affecting pregnant women’s autonomy, these policies have constitutional overtones. In Ferguson v. City of Charleston (2001), the Supreme Court struck down a South Carolina hospital’s policy of testing pregnant women for cocaine and turning positive results over to law enforcement for prosecution. This article discusses the basis of the decision and its legal and behavioral implications. Although the decision came down on the side of pregnant women’s rights, it left unresolved the issue of whether a …

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Impact Of Nicotine Withdrawal On Novelty Reward And Related Behaviors, Joyce Besheer, Rick A. Bevins Mar 2003

Impact Of Nicotine Withdrawal On Novelty Reward And Related Behaviors, Joyce Besheer, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The authors tested the decreased reward function hypothesis of nicotine withdrawal using a novel-object place conditioning task. A conditioned place preference was evident in controls and in rats that had experienced 4 nicotine withdrawal days, but not in rats that had experienced 1–3 withdrawal days. This implies that the rewarding properties of interacting with novel objects were not readily associated with the environment in which they were paired. Follow-up experiments eliminated other explanations based on withdrawal-induced failures to process object or environment information. Also, expression of conditioning was not affected, indicating that withdrawal likely altered acquisition. Further investigation into the …

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History Of Depression And Smoking Cessation Outcome: A Meta-Analysis, Brian Hitsman, Belinda Borrelli, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Bonnie Spring, Raymond Niaura Mar 2003

History Of Depression And Smoking Cessation Outcome: A Meta-Analysis, Brian Hitsman, Belinda Borrelli, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Bonnie Spring, Raymond Niaura

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The authors conducted a meta-analysis of published studies to (a) evaluate the premise that a history of major depression is associated with failure to quit smoking and (b) identify factors that moderate the relationship between history of depression and cessation outcome. Fifteen studies met the selection requirements and were coded for various study methodology and treatment characteristics. DSTAT was used to calculate individual study effect sizes, determine the mean effect size across studies, and test for moderator effects. No differences in either short-term (≤ 3 months) or long-term abstinence rates (≥ 6 months) were observed between smokers positive versus negative …

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Measuring Damages For Lost Enjoyment Of Life: The View From The Bench And The Jury Box, Susan Poser, Brian H. Bornstein, Erinn Kiernan Mcgorty Feb 2003

Measuring Damages For Lost Enjoyment Of Life: The View From The Bench And The Jury Box, Susan Poser, Brian H. Bornstein, Erinn Kiernan Mcgorty

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Civil jury instructions are inconsistent in defining what constitutes noneconomic damages, which may include pain, suffering, disability, disfigurement, and loss of enjoyment of life (LEL), among other injury sequelae. This inconsistency has been manifested recently in court decisions that have considered whether LEL should be treated as a separate element of noneconomic damages, distinct from pain and suffering. This paper reviews the case law on this issue and also describes a jury simulation experiment. Mock jurors awarded damages after they received instructions on noneconomic damages in which LEL was (1) not identified as a distinct element of damages; (2) defined …

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Enterobius Vermicularis: Ancient Dna From North And South American Human Coprolites, Alena M. Iñiguez, Karl J. Reinhard, Adauto Araújo, Luiz F. Ferreira, Ana Carolina P. Vicente Feb 2003

Enterobius Vermicularis: Ancient Dna From North And South American Human Coprolites, Alena M. Iñiguez, Karl J. Reinhard, Adauto Araújo, Luiz F. Ferreira, Ana Carolina P. Vicente

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

A molecular paleoparasitological diagnostic approach was developed for Enterobius vermicularis. Ancient DNA was extracted from 27 coprolites from archaeological sites in Chile and USA. Enzymatic amplification of human mtDNA sequences confirmed the human origin. We designed primers specific to the E. vermicularis 5S ribosomal RNA spacer region and they allowed reproducible polymerase chain reaction identification of ancient material. We suggested that the paleoparasitological microscopic identification could accompany molecular diagnosis, which also opens the possibility of sequence analysis to understand parasite-host evolution.

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Sociocognitive And Behavioral Correlates Of A Measure Of Prosocial Tendencies For Adolescents , Gustavo Carlo, Anne Hausmann, Stacie Christiansen, Brandy A. Randall Feb 2003

Sociocognitive And Behavioral Correlates Of A Measure Of Prosocial Tendencies For Adolescents , Gustavo Carlo, Anne Hausmann, Stacie Christiansen, Brandy A. Randall

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study was designed to examine the psychometric properties of a multidimensional measure of prosocial behaviors to use with early adolescents and middle adolescents. One hundred thirty-eight students (X age = 15.8 years; 80 girls; 70% White, non-Hispanic) from a public middle school and high school completed measures of prosocial moral reasoning, sympathy, perspective taking, aggression, ascription of responsibility, social desirability, verbal skills, and a revised prosocial tendencies measure (PTM-R). The questionnaires were completed in two sessions each separated by a 2-week time span (to assess test-retest reliability of the PTM-R). Moreover, teacher ratings of adolescents’ generosity and helpfulness …

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Reward Value Of Cigarette Smoking For Comparably Heavy Smoking Schizophrenic, Depressed, And Nonpatient Smokers, Bonnie Spring, Regina Pingitore, Dennis E. Mcchargue Feb 2003

Reward Value Of Cigarette Smoking For Comparably Heavy Smoking Schizophrenic, Depressed, And Nonpatient Smokers, Bonnie Spring, Regina Pingitore, Dennis E. Mcchargue

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: The study goal was to determine whether schizophrenic and depressed smokers perceive the reinforcement value of cigarette smoking differently from nonpsychiatric smokers who smoke as heavily.

Method: The authors assessed the preferences for smoking cigarettes versus engaging in other pleasant activities, the perceived advantages and disadvantages of smoking, and the amount of reinforcement that would be needed to attain smoking abstinence among 26 schizophrenic, 26 depressed, and 26 nonpsychiatric heavy smokers.

Results: Both schizophrenic and depressed participants chose smoking as their preferred activity more often than nonpsychiatric smokers, and they did not differ from each other. The patients also …

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Why Was My Major Professor So Busy? Establishing An Academic Career While Pursuing Applied Work, Lee M. Cohen, Robert D. Morgan, David Dilillo, Lisa Y. Flores Jan 2003

Why Was My Major Professor So Busy? Establishing An Academic Career While Pursuing Applied Work, Lee M. Cohen, Robert D. Morgan, David Dilillo, Lisa Y. Flores

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

How do newly appointed academic psychologists with applied interests navigate the diverse and unique challenges of establishing themselves as academicians while pursuing clinical interests? Based on the experience of 4 new professionals. this article highlights the adjustments that must be made when making the transition from trainee to professional, the challenges encountered as a new faculty member, and the pursuit of applied interests as a junior faculty member. Strategies for avoiding the pitfalls that one may encounter when attempting to combine academic with applied interests are discussed.

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Effects Of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment On Physical Health Status In Patients With Panic Disorder, Norman B. Schmidt, Beth T. Mccreary, John J. Trakowski, Helen T. Santiago, Kelly Woolaway-Bickel, Nicholas Ialongo Jan 2003

Effects Of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment On Physical Health Status In Patients With Panic Disorder, Norman B. Schmidt, Beth T. Mccreary, John J. Trakowski, Helen T. Santiago, Kelly Woolaway-Bickel, Nicholas Ialongo

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

The relationship between panic disorder and nonpsychiatric medical illness is complex, but some evidence suggests that panic disorder increases risk for a variety of nonpsychiatric medical conditions. Given the demonstrated efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder, we were interested in evaluating the effects of CBT for panic disorder on nonpsychiatric medical symptoms among these patients. Patients were randomized to a 12-week group-administered CBT protocol (n = 22) or a delayedtreatment conlrol (n = 24). Treated patients showed marked improvement in both anxiety symptoms and physical health symptom ratings that were evident at midtreatment and were …

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A Bdnf Coding Variant Is Associated With The Neo Personality Inventory Domain Neuroticism, A Risk Factor For Depression, Srijan Sen, Randolph M. Nesse, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Sheng Li, Lillian Gleiberman, Aravinda Chakravarti, Alan B. Weber, Margit Burmeister Jan 2003

A Bdnf Coding Variant Is Associated With The Neo Personality Inventory Domain Neuroticism, A Risk Factor For Depression, Srijan Sen, Randolph M. Nesse, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Sheng Li, Lillian Gleiberman, Aravinda Chakravarti, Alan B. Weber, Margit Burmeister

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Genetic factors influence vulnerability to depression (Sullivan et al, 2000), but no specific genes have been definitively implicated. One promising approach is to determine whether variations in specific (candidate) genes are associated not with disease per se, but with traits, such as personality factors, that are themselves associated with risk for the disorder (Lander and Schork, 1994; Stoltenberg and Burmeister, 2000). Often such traits have a higher heritability than the disease status (Almasy and Blangero, 2001). Neuroticism, as measured by the NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI) (Costa and McCrae, 1997), a psychometrically sound and widely used instrument, is one such trait. …

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Seasonal Prevalence Of Mosquitoes Collected From Light Traps In Korea (1999-2000), Kim Heung Chul, Kwan Woo Lee, Robert S. Richards, Sonya S. Schleich, William E. Herman, Terry A. Klein Jan 2003

Seasonal Prevalence Of Mosquitoes Collected From Light Traps In Korea (1999-2000), Kim Heung Chul, Kwan Woo Lee, Robert S. Richards, Sonya S. Schleich, William E. Herman, Terry A. Klein

United States Army: Publications

The Entomology Section, 5th Medical Detachment (MED DET) (Preventive Medicine) (PM), in coordination with the Department of Public Works (DPW), 8th US Army-Engineers, conducted annual mosquito surveillance programs at US military installations in the Republic of Korea (ROK) in accordance with Army Regulation (AR) 40-5 (Department of the Army, 1990). Mosquito populations and species distributions throughout the ROK, especially vector species, is of primary importance to US and ROK militaries since each expends substantial amounts of manpower and pesticides for mosquito control to reduce potential health risks to military personnel. Currently, the primary mosquito-borne disease of greatest concern in the …

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Visual Marking: A Convergence Of Goal- And Stimulus-Driven Processes During Visual Search, Paul Atchley, Sybil E. Jones, Lesa Hoffman Jan 2003

Visual Marking: A Convergence Of Goal- And Stimulus-Driven Processes During Visual Search, Paul Atchley, Sybil E. Jones, Lesa Hoffman

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Watson and Humphreys (1997) proposed that visual marking is a goal-directed process that enhances visual search through the inhibition of old objects. In addition to the standard marking case with targets at new locations, included in Experiment 1 was a set of trials with targets always at old locations, as well as a set of trials with targets varying between new and old locations. The participants’ performance when detecting the target at old locations was equivalent to their performance in the full-baseline condition when they knew the target would be at old locations, and was worse when the target appeared …

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Ehrlichia Chaffeensis: A Prototypical Emerging Pathogen, Christopher D. Paddock, James E. Childs Jan 2003

Ehrlichia Chaffeensis: A Prototypical Emerging Pathogen, Christopher D. Paddock, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

In April 1986, a medical intern scanning the peripheral blood smear of a severely ill man with an unexplained illness observed peculiar intracytoplasmic inclusions in several of the patient’s monocytes. The patient described multiple tick bites sustained approximately 2 weeks earlier during a visit to a rural area in northern Arkansas, and a presumptive diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever had been made (104, 174). Clinicians and scientists subsequently identified these inclusions as clusters of bacteria belonging to the genus Ehrlichia, previously known in the United States solely as veterinary pathogens (174). Within the next 5 years, the organism …

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Cd21-Positive Follicular Dendritic Cells A Possible Source Of PrpSc In Lymph Node Macrophages Of Scrapie-Infected Sheep, Lynn M. Herrmann, William P. Cheevers, William C. Davis, Donald P. Knowles, Katherine I. O'Rourke Jan 2003

Cd21-Positive Follicular Dendritic Cells A Possible Source Of PrpSc In Lymph Node Macrophages Of Scrapie-Infected Sheep, Lynn M. Herrmann, William P. Cheevers, William C. Davis, Donald P. Knowles, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Natural sheep scrapie is a prion disease characterized by the accumulation of PrPSc in brain and lymphoid tissues. Previous studies suggested that lymph node macrophages and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) accumulate PrPSc. In this study, lymph nodes were analyzed for the presence of PrPSc and macrophage or FDC markers using dual immunohistochemistry. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the C-terminus of PrP reacted with CD172a+ macrophages and CD21+ FDC processes in secondary follicles. However, a PrP N-terminus- specific mAb reacted with CD21+ FDC processes but not CD172a+ macrophages in secondary follicles. Neither the PrP N-terminus nor C-terminus-specific …

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Immunohistochemical Detection And Distribution Of Prion Protein In A Goat With Natural Scrapie, Reginald A. Valdez, Matthew J. Rock, Anne K. Anderson, Katherine I. O'Rourke Jan 2003

Immunohistochemical Detection And Distribution Of Prion Protein In A Goat With Natural Scrapie, Reginald A. Valdez, Matthew J. Rock, Anne K. Anderson, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from a 3-year-old female Angora goat suffering from clinical scrapie were immunostained after hydrated autoclaving using a monoclonal antibody (mAb, F99/ 97.6.1; IgG1) specific for a conserved epitope on the prion protein. Widespread and prominent deposition of the scrapie isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc) was observed in the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, retina, postganglionic neurons associated with parasympathetic ganglia of myenteric and submucosal plexuses, Peyer’s patches, peripheral lymph nodes, and pharyngeal and palatine tonsils. The goat was homozygous for PrP alleles encoding 5 octapeptide repeat sequences in the N-terminal region of the prion …

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A Prion Protein Epitope Selective For The Pathologically Misfolded Conformation, Eustache Paramithiotis, Marc Pinard, Trebor Lawton, Sylvie Laboissiere, Valerie I. Leathers, Wen-Quan Zou, Lisa A. Estey, Julie Lamontagne, Marty T. Lehto, Leslie H. Kondejewski, Gregory P. Francoeur, Maria Papadopoulos, Ashkan Haghighat, Stephen J. Spatz, Mark Head, Robert Will, James Ironside, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Quentin Tonelli, Harry C. Ledebur, Avi Chakrabartty, Neil R. Cashman Jan 2003

A Prion Protein Epitope Selective For The Pathologically Misfolded Conformation, Eustache Paramithiotis, Marc Pinard, Trebor Lawton, Sylvie Laboissiere, Valerie I. Leathers, Wen-Quan Zou, Lisa A. Estey, Julie Lamontagne, Marty T. Lehto, Leslie H. Kondejewski, Gregory P. Francoeur, Maria Papadopoulos, Ashkan Haghighat, Stephen J. Spatz, Mark Head, Robert Will, James Ironside, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Quentin Tonelli, Harry C. Ledebur, Avi Chakrabartty, Neil R. Cashman

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Conformational conversion of proteins in disease is likely to be accompanied by molecular surface exposure of previously sequestered amino-acid side chains. We found that induction of β-sheet structures in recombinant prion proteins is associated with increased solvent accessibility of tyrosine. Antibodies directed against the prion protein repeat motif, tyrosine-tyrosinearginine, recognize the pathological isoform of the prion protein but not the normal cellular isoform, as assessed by immunoprecipitation, plate capture immunoassay and flow cytometry. Antibody binding to the pathological epitope is saturable and specific, and can be created in vitro by partial denaturation of normal brain prion protein. Conformation-selective exposure of …

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Properties Of A Disease-Specific Prion Probe, Guy Gorochov, Jean-Phillippe Deslys, Eustache Paramithiotis, Marc Pinard, Trebor Lawton, Sylvie Laboissiere, Valerie L. Leathers, Wen-Quan Zou, Lisa A. Estey, Julie Lamontagne, Marty T. Lehto, Leslie H. Kondejewski, Gregory P. Francoeur, Maria Paoadopoulos, Ashkan Haghighat, Stephen J. Spatz, Mark Head, Robert Will, James Ironside, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Quentin Tonelli, Harry C. Ledebur, Avi Chakrabartty, Neil R. Cashman Jan 2003

Properties Of A Disease-Specific Prion Probe, Guy Gorochov, Jean-Phillippe Deslys, Eustache Paramithiotis, Marc Pinard, Trebor Lawton, Sylvie Laboissiere, Valerie L. Leathers, Wen-Quan Zou, Lisa A. Estey, Julie Lamontagne, Marty T. Lehto, Leslie H. Kondejewski, Gregory P. Francoeur, Maria Paoadopoulos, Ashkan Haghighat, Stephen J. Spatz, Mark Head, Robert Will, James Ironside, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Quentin Tonelli, Harry C. Ledebur, Avi Chakrabartty, Neil R. Cashman

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

In a recently published article, Paramithiotis et al. describe antibodies specific for the prion Tyr-Tyr-Arg (YYR) repeat motif. These antibodies interact with the pathological isoform of the prion protein (PrPSC), but not with the normal cellular isoform (PrpC). Because of this restricted specificity, they suggest that YYR-specific antibodies could be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of prion diseases (Fig. O. The monoclonal antibodies, all of the IgM isotype, were produced by immunizing mice with a synthetic peptide (CYYRRYYRYY). When coupled to magnetic beads, these YYR-specific antibodies immunoprecipitate Prpsc much more efficiently than PrpC …

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Monte Carlo Assessments Of Goodness-Of-Fit For Ecological Simulation Models, Lance A. Waller, David Smith, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real Jan 2003

Monte Carlo Assessments Of Goodness-Of-Fit For Ecological Simulation Models, Lance A. Waller, David Smith, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

One often develops stochastic ecologic simulation models based on local interactions between individuals or groups and bases systemic conclusions on trends summarized over multiple data sets generated from the model. In many cases, such models generate data sets (“realizations”) each violating the usual assumptions associated with traditional statistical tests of goodness-of-fit, most notably that of independent observations. Monte Carlo hypothesis tests applied to multiple realizations from such models provide appropriate goodness-of-fit tests regardless of within-model peculiarities. The Monte Carlo tests address the question “Do the observed data appear consistent with the model?” in contrast to the usual question “Does the …

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Abundant PrpCwd In Tonsil From Mule Deer With Preclinical Chronic Wasting Disease, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Dongyue Zhuang, Amy Lyda, Gabriel Gomez, Elizabeth S. Williams, Wenbin Tuo, Michael W. Miller Jan 2003

Abundant PrpCwd In Tonsil From Mule Deer With Preclinical Chronic Wasting Disease, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Dongyue Zhuang, Amy Lyda, Gabriel Gomez, Elizabeth S. Williams, Wenbin Tuo, Michael W. Miller

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay was used to evaluate detergent lysates of tonsil tissue from mule deer to detect PrPCWD, the marker for the cervid transmissible spongiform encephalopathy chronic wasting disease (CWD). Samples of formalin-fixed brain and tonsil tissues from mule deer were examined for PrPCWD using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with Mab F99/97.6.1, the gold standard for diagnosis of preclinical CWD. The contralateral tonsil from each of the 143 deer was prepared for confirmatory IHC and as a 10% (wt/vol) detergent lysate without purification or enrichment steps for monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay. PrPCWD was detected by dot-blot …

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Genealogical Relationships Influence The Probability Of Infection With Bovine Tuberculosis And Microgeographic Genetic Structure In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer, Julie Anne Blanchong Jan 2003

Genealogical Relationships Influence The Probability Of Infection With Bovine Tuberculosis And Microgeographic Genetic Structure In Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer, Julie Anne Blanchong

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Zoonoses are of increasing importance to wildlife conservation and human health. It has become increasingly recognized that wildlife ecology plays a key role in disease transmission in wildlife populations. In domestic populations, contacts among individuals are controlled by humans and disease transmission is often density dependent. Unlike domestic animals, wildlife populations often have complex social systems in whch contacts among individuals are not solely density dependent, and can play an important role in the transmission and maintenance of disease.

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A Priori Prediction Of Disease Invasion Dynamics In A Novel Environment, Colin A. Russell, David L. Smith, Lance A. Waller, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real Jan 2003

A Priori Prediction Of Disease Invasion Dynamics In A Novel Environment, Colin A. Russell, David L. Smith, Lance A. Waller, James E. Childs, Leslie A. Real

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Directly transmitted infectious diseases spread through wildlife populations as travelling waves away from the sites of original introduction. These waves often become distorted through their interaction with environmental and population heterogeneities and by long-distance translocation of infected individuals. Accurate a priori predictions of travelling waves of infection depend upon understanding and quantifying these distorting factors. We assess the effects of anisotropies arising from the orientation of rivers in relation to the direction of disease-front propagation and the damming effect of mountains on disease movement in natural populations. The model successfully predicts the local and large-scale prevaccination spread of raccoon rabies …

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