Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Identifying The Health Needs Of Latino Youth In East North Philadelphia Through Photovoice, John Mckeegan, Maria Arisi, Vincent Pepe, Caleb Dafilou, Mph, Rickie Brawer, Mph, Phd, Mches

Phase 1

Introduction: The Hispanic population in East North Philadelphia is abounding with risk factors for poor health. These structural risk factors adversely affect the Hispanic adolescents in the area – a demographic that has historically had little say in the research that is done to contextualize the self identified health needs in the community.

Objective: The purpose for this project is to identify the factors that are both helping and preventing healthy development and living of Hispanic adolescents in East North Philadelphia, as well as beginning to find avenues of support for the prioritized self identified needs.

Methods: A Photovoice project …

A Needs Assessment Of Screening Of Non-Communicable Diseases In Prenatal Care At Chuk And Muhima District Hospital, Ilana Porges, Vaishali Mehta, Kaitlin Demarest, Alex Rugamba, Kelly Kaneza, Magnifique Irakoze, Md

Phase 1

Introduction: Delays in management of high risk pregnancies can result in significant morbidity for women seeking obstetric care. A trend of high incidence of pregnancy complications has been observed among women with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) receiving care at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), which may suggest the need for more consistent screening of NCDs among pregnant women, and more streamlined care for those identified to be at highest risk for complications.

Methods: This study utilized a mixed method design to assess the need for screening of NCDs among pregnant women (n=255) who received obstetric care at CHUK between …

A Report From The Grndad Multi-Site Registry For Sickle Cell Disease: Iron Overload Is Under-Recognized And Under-Managed, Matthew Sears, Phd, Sophie Lanzkron, Md, Mhs, Carolyn Hoope, Md, Joshua J. Field, Md, E. Leila Jerome Clay, Md, Mcts, Faap, Susan Padrino, Md, Payal C. Desai, Md, Lynne D. Neumayr, Deepa Manwani, Md, Jane Little, Md

Phase 1

Introduction: GRNDaD is a prospective registry for people with SCD that opened to enrollment in 2016. Nine comprehensive SCD centers from across the United States are currently enrolling patients. The registry includes iron status and management data, important in SCD because chronic transfusion therapy is a mainstay of prophylactic management. Each unit of transfused blood introduces approximately 250 mg of iron into the blood, which can lead to systemic iron deposition, and untreated may lead to organ dysfunction or death.

Methods: GRNDaD currently contains prospective baseline and annual update information on approximately 1000 people with SCD. We analyzed ferritin levels …

Obesity And Cardiovascular Health Differences Between Urban And Suburban Philadelphia High School Athletes, Kyle W. Prochno, Peri Levey, Prashant Rao, Md, David M. Shipon, Md, Facc, Facp, Jeremy D. Close, Md

Phase 1

Introduction: Limited data exist regarding hypertension and obesity levels of Philadelphia-area high school student-athletes. We aim to assess their prevalence in an urban population, investigate whether they are correlated with demographic factors, and determine whether urban student-athletes differ in these outcomes compared to their suburban/non-urban counterparts.

Methods: Demographic and physical data were extracted from Athlete Health Organization (AHO) 2018 pre-participation physical exams. Adiposity classifications were made from body mass index (BMI) calculations applied to appropriate Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts, while systolic/diastolic measurements were used to classify students’ blood pressure according to current American Academy of …

War On The Wards: The Collapse Of Health Care Infrastructure Resulting From Violent Conflict, Nathan Hersh, Amy Hagopian, Barry Levy

Phase 1

Introduction: While utilizing satellite images to verify reports of hospital damage resulting from armed conflict allows for remote assessment, the use of private satellites to gain access to images prohibits widespread use. The questions this study sought to answer were: Is it possible to replicate the findings of previous reports of hospital damage that used the services of private satellite imagery using open source software, such as Google Earth? What variations exist among the different sites where damage to hospitals is visible, and what gradation is possible? Is this methodology applicable to other examples of armed conflict?

Methods: Using the …

Efficacy Of Existing Interventions For Health Care Provider Stress & Implications For Low-Resource Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review, Ann Marie Kelly, Ms, Patience Afulani, Mbchb, Mph, Phd

Phase 1

Introduction: There is a demand for interventions that may help providers cope with inevitably high levels of stress, but there is a paucity of data on the efficacy/feasibility of interventions for provider stress/burnout—particularly in low-resource settings. This study examined existing interventions and their effectiveness in combatting stress and burnout among providers.

Methods: The traditional format of a systematic review was employed utilizing PubMed, PsycInfo, and SCOPUS to examine stress and burnout interventions offered to health care providers. Primary outcomes of stress/burnout were analyzed through the use of validated resilience scores. This study initially identified 1,720 records; twelve studies were included …

The Effect Of Intrapartum Glycemic Control On The Incidence Of Neonatal Hypoglycemia, Signe Caksa, Amanda Roman, Md

Phase 1

Introduction: 1-2% and 6-9% of pregnancies are complicated by type I/II and gestational diabetes mellitus (DM), respectively, leading to increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. Women with DM require glucose monitoring and glycemic control at the time of delivery; however, it remains unclear how variations in intrapartum glucose impact neonatal hypoglycemia.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of women with singleton pregnancies, diagnosed with DM, who delivered >36 weeks gestation after attempting induction of labor at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between 01/01/2017 and 01/01/2018. Intrapartum DM management included hourly capillary glucose (CG) monitoring until delivery, insulin drip with CG …

Health Outcomes In Pathways To Housing Clients, Kimberly Alfonso, Lara Weinstein, Md

Phase 1

Introduction: Homelessness is widespread throughout the United States, with homeless individuals accounting for over half a million of the country’s population. In addition, chronic mental, behavioral, and medical issues are overly expressed in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to determine if the Housing First Model, represented by Pathways to Housing PA, would alleviate these chronic conditions over the course of stay.

Methods: The target population of the study was the homeless population, specifically within the city of Philadelphia. Data was collected via the SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) NOMs (National Outcome Measures) survey. …

A Photovoice Project With Latino Youth In Easten North Philadelphia, Maria F. Arisi, Vincent Pepe, John Mckeegan, Caleb Dafilou, Mph, Rickie Brawer, Mph, Phd

Phase 1

Introduction: Eastern North Philadelphia is home to both the highest density Latino population in Philadelphia and some of the poorest health measures of the city. This Latino population is known to face a multitude of barriers to health, such as high rates of poverty, low educational attainment, and language barriers. There is little data showing what the self-identified priority needs of these Latino populations are, and even less showing the needs of Latino youth. Understanding how youth perceive the impact of their social and built environments can bring attention to the issues that the community needs addressed.

Methods: We conducted …

Analyzing The Attitudes, Beliefs, And Practices Of Breastfeeding Women At Maternity Care Coalition, Angela Heysel, Conor Bradley, Naima Black, Galissa Jones

Phase 1

Introduction: Breastfeeding is essential for health and bonding within the mother-child dyad. Most guidelines, therefore, suggest women continue breastfeeding up to twelve months post-partum. Discrepancies in achieving this exist across zip codes and race in Philadelphia, despite high overall rates of breastfeeding. Our research goal is to understand these discrepancies and the relationship between attitudes and practices of breastfeeding Philadelphian women, in order to target them with breastfeeding resource.

Methods: General population data was collected via an online survey taken by residents of Philadelphia and the surrounding counties, whereas the focus group survey was taken in-person by Maternity Care Coalition …

Music In Medicine: Enhancing Emotion Recognition In Medical Students, Grace Chon, Debra Lew Harder, Md, Dma

Phase 1

Previous studies have shown that visual art courses for medical students have improved their diagnostic skills. A music course in a similar fashion may enhance their ability to recognize patient emotion in the patient’s voice. Identifying patient emotion via auditory cues allows future physicians to appropriately respond to patients’ mental states and provide empathetic care. This study proposes that medical students who complete a course in recognizing emotional cues in music will outperform a control group in correctly identifying emotion in the human voice.

Participants were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, in which only the latter completed a …

Developing An Online Critical Care Electroencephalography Curriculum For Epilepsy And Neurophysiology Fellows, Anne Woehling, Brooke Hancock, Nathanael Lee, Md, Connie Tang, Md, Allyson Pickard, Md, Andres Fernandez, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: This project aims to create an Electroencephalography (EEG) curriculum that synthesizes the teachings of current publications and faculty expertise within a single digital platform. The goal is to remedy the unmet need for a centralized resource for learners to use when learning EEG interpretation.

Methods: The target learner population is epilepsy and neurophysiology fellows. The platform will be accessible from any computer, tablet, or phone, allowing for mobile, self-paced learning to take place. To date, the curriculum outline has been designed with extensive literature review and collaboration from other institutions, and two pilot modules have been completed using the …

A Comparison Of Homemade Phantoms For Ultrasound Guided Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion, Liam Hughes, Saami Zakaria, Zachary Risler, Arthur K. Au, Lauren Selame, Kelly Kehm, Resa E. Lewiss

Phase 1

Purpose: Ultrasound (U/S) guided peripheral intravenous catheter (PIV) placement is implemented in clinical settings across the medical field, with evidence supporting the use of point-of-care U/S as a procedural tool to improve patient outcomes. Non-commercial vascular access phantoms made of various materials have been described in published literature and online tutorials; however, there has been no comparison of the models. The primary objective of this study is to determine if non-commercial phantoms are useful for the education of U/S guided PIV placement.

Methods: This prospective observational study trialed six unique phantom models: 1) the Amini ballistics gel model, 2) the …

Implementing The Use Of Deliberative Practice On Teaching Endotracheal Intubation To First Year Medical Students, Tiffany Tse, Ronald Hall, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: Deliberate practice is defined as a learning theory that values a learner’s holistic ability to learn a task while integrating improvements in targeted skills. The theory states that in order to achieve maximal efficiency, a learner needs time for self-reflection and instantaneous feedback to make improvements before engaging in the next task. Here, we created an Intubation Training Module to study the effectiveness of deliberate practice on teaching endotracheal intubation to first year medical students.

Methods: A two-part intubation workshop was created to investigate the effectiveness of deliberate practice and to compare intubation competency between the number of …

Medical Student Attitudes Toward Cell Phone Use On Rounds, Jacob Garcia, Sarah E. Rosenberg, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: Mobile devices are ubiquitous and serve as an important resource for on-the-spot research about patient questions and conditions. However, even when a device is used to address patient needs, patients and members of the medical team may assume the student is using their phone for non-clinical activities and perceive the student as uninterested and disengaged. Medical students are aware of this potential for misperception, and as such, we designed a study to investigate the attitudes of third and fourth year medical students towards cell phone use on internal medicine rounds.

Methods: Our target learner population was third and fourth …

Sepsis Education And Training In Medical School, Shayan Ghiaee, Dimitrios Papanagnou, Md, David F. Gaieski, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: According to the National Institutes of Health, severe sepsis strikes more than one million Americans every year. Despite the extensive research that has gone into creating the different risk stratification tools for sepsis, there is still a fifteen to thirty percent mortality rate among patients diagnosed with sepsis. We believe this is due to a lack of robust education and training of medical students in sepsis identification, and thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the extent of training and education of medical students in the identification and treatment of sepsis.

Methods: This study is aimed at …

Examining The Impact Of Personality On Teamwork-Based Simulations In Medical Student Emergency Medicine Clerkships, Allison Doermann, Kathleen Finn, Chaiya Laoteppitaks, Md, Shruti Chandra, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: As Medical Education evolves with team-based problem-solving and medical simulations, the importance of training teams is imperative to assure that students will be prepared to treat patients in multidisciplinary services. This concern necessitates the question of whether individual characteristics such as personality factors into the success and optimization of teams in team-based educational programs. Our project aims to determine whether individual personality traits can impact the success of teams in simulation-based education.

Methods: Myers Briggs Typology Indicator (MBTI) personality data was collected from Third and Fourth-Year medical students during their Jefferson Emergency Medicine Clerkship. These students were observed during …

Patient Interview Simulator: An Innovative Tool To Learn And Practice Clinical Medicine, Daniel Habbal, Khaled Noueihed, Gretchen Diemer

Phase 1

Purpose: There is a lack of materials for simulating and testing the medical diagnostic procedure. Studies show that this is a trend nationwide, where not enough emphasis is put on clinical skills acquisition and assessments. We have designed a simulator to supplement the integration of medical knowledge in clinical scenarios. We designed this tool to be used as an add-on to medical school curricula.

Methods: Twenty second-year medical students participated in this innovative project, as they had the necessary foundations of medical knowledge, and have not had many patient interactions yet. During the pilot study, participants played four cases regarding …

Patient Interview Simulator: Designed To Increase Confidence And Knowledge In Clinical Medicine, Khaled Noueihed, Daniel Habbal, Gretchen Demer

Phase 1

Purpose: Studies have shown a nationwide trend in which medical students seldom get one-on-one interactions with a standardized patient conducting a full medical visit before their clerkship years. We have designed a simulator that allows students to practice their clinical skills with each other, using a variety of cases that emulate case-based learning as well as clinical skills exams.

Methods: Twenty second-year medical students participated in the game’s pilot study. The measured variables in the study included game and confidence scores. We randomized participants into pairs, and each person completed two cases with their scores compared using a paired t-test. …

The Effect Of Display Size On Ultrasound Interpretation, Jamie L. Huot, Mark Magee, Arthur Au, Lillian Flashner, Kelly Goodsell, Resa E. Lewiss, Zachary Risler

Phase 1

Purpose: To assess how display size affects providers’ abilities to accurately interpret ultrasound (U/S) videos. U/S has become essential for patient evaluation in the emergency setting. Although newer devices that are smaller in size and affordable place the technology within the pockets of practitioners, it is necessary to assess how smaller size may impact image quality.

Methods: The target learner population for this study includes all practitioners who perform point of care U/S. A prospective convenience sample of emergency providers were randomized to begin on either a phone-sized screen or a laptop-sized screen. Participants answered "Yes" or "No" in response …

Why Am I Wearing A Mask If I Don't Feel Sick?, Lily-Anna James, Diana Koval, Samuel Latzsch, Chelsea Nowakowski

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Masks Matter!, Stephanie Gebbia, Kai Killebrew, Nayo Macauley, Edmund Peacock

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Protect Others & Mask Up, Nkeiruka Ashiedu, Rachel Gee, Alexis Henderson, Melissa Klein

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Have A Conversation: Wear A Mask, Melanie Chalfin, Isabella Hampton, Wendy Kong, Sravani Meka

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

This Holiday Season Give The Gift Of Safety, Maclain Capron, Sonia Limaye, Pallavi Sindhu

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Mask What You Can Do For Your Country, Hanna Biedny, Tyler Caparoni, Robert Erianne, Mashaal Syed

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Mask Use: Pros & Cons, Megan Carty, Megan Donlick, Yuri Matsubara, Janine Tobia

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Is Your Mask Uncomfortable?, Jake Mulroy, W. Alan Pentecost, Chelcie Puetz, Kelsey Rowe

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Potential Roles Of Extracellular Vesicles In The Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Autoimmune Diseases., Jing Tian, Giacomo Casella, Yuan Zhang, Abdolmohamad Rostami, Xing Li

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) were discovered in 1983 in sheep reticulocytes samples, they have gradually attracted scientific attention and become a topic of great interest in the life sciences field. EVs are small membrane particles, released by virtually every cell that carries a variety of functional molecules. Their main function is to deliver messages to the surrounding area in both physiological and pathological conditions. Initially, they were thought to be either cell debris, signs of cell death, or unspecific structures. However, accumulating evidence support a theory that EVs are a universal mechanism of communication. Thanks to their biological characteristics and …

Investigating The Effects Of Brainstem Neuronal Adaptation On Cardiovascular Homeostasis., James H Park, Jonathan Gorky, Babatunde Ogunnaike, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, James S Schwaber

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Central coordination of cardiovascular function is accomplished, in part, by the baroreceptor reflex, a multi-input multi-output physiological control system that regulates the activity of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems via interactions among multiple brainstem nuclei. Recent single-cell analyses within the brain revealed that individual neurons within and across brain nuclei exhibit distinct transcriptional states contributing to neuronal function. Such transcriptional heterogeneity complicates the task of understanding how neurons within and across brain nuclei organize and function to process multiple inputs and coordinate cardiovascular functions within the larger context of the baroreceptor reflex. However, prior analysis of brainstem neurons revealed …