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Articles 1801 - 1830 of 2034

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Serological Surveillance Development For Tropical Infectious Diseases Using Simultaneous Microsphere-Based Multiplex Assays And Finite Mixture Models, Yoshito Fujii, Satoshi Kaneko, Samson Muuo Nzou, Matilu Mwau, Sammy M. Njenga, Chihiro Tanigawa, James Kimotho, Anne Wanjiru Mwangi, Ibrahim Kiche, Sohkichi Matsumoto, Mamiko Niki, Mayuko Osada-Oka, Yoshio Ichinose, Manabu Inoue, Makoto Itoh, Hiroshi Tachibana, Kazunari Ishii, Takafumi Tsuboi, Lay Myint Yoshida, Dinesh Mondal, Rashidul Haque, Shinjiro Hamano, Mwatasa Changoma, Tomonori Hoshi, Ken Ichi Kamo, Mohamed Karama, Masashi Miura, Kenji Hirayama Jan 2014

Serological Surveillance Development For Tropical Infectious Diseases Using Simultaneous Microsphere-Based Multiplex Assays And Finite Mixture Models, Yoshito Fujii, Satoshi Kaneko, Samson Muuo Nzou, Matilu Mwau, Sammy M. Njenga, Chihiro Tanigawa, James Kimotho, Anne Wanjiru Mwangi, Ibrahim Kiche, Sohkichi Matsumoto, Mamiko Niki, Mayuko Osada-Oka, Yoshio Ichinose, Manabu Inoue, Makoto Itoh, Hiroshi Tachibana, Kazunari Ishii, Takafumi Tsuboi, Lay Myint Yoshida, Dinesh Mondal, Rashidul Haque, Shinjiro Hamano, Mwatasa Changoma, Tomonori Hoshi, Ken Ichi Kamo, Mohamed Karama, Masashi Miura, Kenji Hirayama

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background:A strategy to combat infectious diseases, including neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), will depend on the development of reliable epidemiological surveillance methods. To establish a simple and practical seroprevalence detection system, we developed a microsphere-based multiplex immunoassay system and evaluated utility using samples obtained in Kenya.Methods:We developed a microsphere-based immuno-assay system to simultaneously measure the individual levels of plasma antibody (IgG) against 8 antigens derived from 6 pathogens: Entamoeba histolytica (C-IgL), Leishmania donovani (KRP42), Toxoplasma gondii (SAG1), Wuchereria bancrofti (SXP1), HIV (gag, gp120 and gp41), and Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin). The assay system was validated using appropriate control samples. The assay …

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High-Resolution Melting Analysis Reveals Low Plasmodium Parasitaemia Infections Among Microscopically Negative Febrile Patients In Western Kenya, Purity N. Kipanga, David Omondi, Paul O. Mireji, Patrick Sawa, Daniel K. Masiga, Jandouwe Villinger Jan 2014

High-Resolution Melting Analysis Reveals Low Plasmodium Parasitaemia Infections Among Microscopically Negative Febrile Patients In Western Kenya, Purity N. Kipanga, David Omondi, Paul O. Mireji, Patrick Sawa, Daniel K. Masiga, Jandouwe Villinger

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background: Microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are common tools for diagnosing malaria, but are deficient in detecting low Plasmodium parasitaemia. A novel molecular diagnostic tool (nPCR-HRM) that combines the sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR (nPCR) and direct PCR-high resolution melting analysis (dPCR-HRM) was developed. To evaluate patterns of anti-malarial drug administration when no parasites are detected, nPCR-HRM was employed to screen blood samples for low parasitaemia from febrile patients without microscopically detectable Plasmodium infections in a rural malaria-endemic setting. Methods: Blood samples (n = 197) were collected in two islands of Lake Victoria, Kenya, from febrile patients without …

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Stat Inhibitors For Cancer Therapy, Muhammad Furqan, Akintunde Akinleye, Nikhil Mukhi, Varun Mittal, Yamei Chen, Delong Liu Dec 2013

Stat Inhibitors For Cancer Therapy, Muhammad Furqan, Akintunde Akinleye, Nikhil Mukhi, Varun Mittal, Yamei Chen, Delong Liu

NYMC Faculty Publications

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) proteins are a family of cytoplasmic transcription factors consisting of 7 members, STAT1 to STAT6, including STAT5a and STAT5b. STAT proteins are thought to be ideal targets for anti-cancer therapy since cancer cells are more dependent on the STAT activity than their normal counterparts. Inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 have been developed. These included peptidomimetics, small molecule inhibitors and oligonucleotides. This review summarized advances in preclinical and clinical development of these compounds.

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Challenges Of Asthma Management For School Nurses In Districts With High Asthma Hospitalization Rates, Penny Liberatos, Jennifer Leone, Ann Marie Craig, Elizabeth Mary Frei, Natalie Fuentes, India Marie Harris Dec 2013

Challenges Of Asthma Management For School Nurses In Districts With High Asthma Hospitalization Rates, Penny Liberatos, Jennifer Leone, Ann Marie Craig, Elizabeth Mary Frei, Natalie Fuentes, India Marie Harris

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: School nurses play a central role in assisting elementary school children in managing their asthma, especially those in higher-risk school districts that are at increased risk of uncontrolled asthma. Study purposes are to (1) identify barriers to asthma management by school nurses in higher-risk school districts; and (2) assess the extent to which National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) recommendations are followed in these districts. METHODS: School districts containing at least one zipcode with high asthma hospitalization rates among children (0-14 years) in a New York State county were identified. Nurses in 44 elementary schools were surveyed about …

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Gonadal Status-Dependent Effects Of In Vivo Β-Estradiol Administration To Female Rats On In Vitro Epileptiform Activity Induced By Low [Mg2+]₀ In Combined Hippocampus-Entorhinal Cortex Slices, Jana Velíšková, Libor Velíšek Dec 2013

Gonadal Status-Dependent Effects Of In Vivo Β-Estradiol Administration To Female Rats On In Vitro Epileptiform Activity Induced By Low [Mg2+]₀ In Combined Hippocampus-Entorhinal Cortex Slices, Jana Velíšková, Libor Velíšek

NYMC Faculty Publications

There are controversial data regarding estrogen effects on neuronal excitability. We investigated whether β-estradiol (EB) administration to ovariectomized (OVX) or gonadally intact female rats alters epileptiform activity within the dentate gyrus network induced in vitro by removing [Mg2+]o in combined hippocampus-entorhinal cortex slices. In vivo EB administration significantly influenced the epileptiform activity in gonadal status-dependent manner. The onset of epileptiform discharges was modestly delayed in slices from OVX rats replaced with physiologically relevant doses of EB but the number of discharges was not affected. In contrast, EB administration to gonadally intact rats had robust effects such that: EB delayed the …

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Reproducing Our Species And Finding Solutions, Edward C. Halperin Dec 2013

Reproducing Our Species And Finding Solutions, Edward C. Halperin

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (Pi3k) Inhibitors As Cancer Therapeutics, Akintunde Akinleye, Parthu Avvaru, Muhammad Furqan, Yongping Song, Delong Liu Nov 2013

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (Pi3k) Inhibitors As Cancer Therapeutics, Akintunde Akinleye, Parthu Avvaru, Muhammad Furqan, Yongping Song, Delong Liu

NYMC Faculty Publications

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that regulate diverse cellular processes including proliferation, adhesion, survival, and motility. Dysregulated PI3K pathway signaling occurs in one-third of human tumors. Aberrantly activated PI3K signaling also confers sensitivity and resistance to conventional therapies. PI3K has been recognized as an attractive molecular target for novel anti-cancer molecules. In the last few years, several classes of potent and selective small molecule PI3K inhibitors have been developed, and at least fifteen compounds have progressed into clinical trials as new anticancer drugs. Among these, idelalisib has advanced to phase III trials in patients with advanced indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma …

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St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction In The Elderly--Temporal Trends In Incidence, Utilization Of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention And Outcomes In The United States, Sahil Khera, Dhaval Kolte, Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Marjan Mujib, Wilbert S. Aronow, Tarunjit Singh, William Gotsis, Gary Silverman, William H. Frishman Oct 2013

St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction In The Elderly--Temporal Trends In Incidence, Utilization Of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention And Outcomes In The United States, Sahil Khera, Dhaval Kolte, Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Marjan Mujib, Wilbert S. Aronow, Tarunjit Singh, William Gotsis, Gary Silverman, William H. Frishman

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Elderly patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are often underrepresented in major percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) trials. Use of PCI for STEMI, and associated outcomes in patients aged ≥65 years with STEMI needed further investigation. METHODS: We used the 2001-2010 United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to examine the temporal trends in STEMI, use of PCI for STEMI, and outcomes among patients aged 65-79 and ≥80 years. RESULTS: During 2001-2010, of 4,017,367 patients aged ≥65 years with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 1,434,579 (35.7%) had STEMI. Over this period, among patients aged 65-79 and ≥80 years, STEMI decreased by …

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Comparative Diagnostic And Analytical Performance Of Pcr And Lamp-Based Trypanosome Detection Methods Estimated Using Pooled Whole Tsetse Flies And Midguts, Imna I. Malele, Johnson O. Ouma, John C.K. Enyaru, Enock Matovu, Vincent Alibu, Joanna E. Auma, Samuel G. Onyoyo, Rosemary Bateta, Robert E. Changasi, Phoebe W. Mukiria, Kariuki Ndung'u, Purity K. Gitonga, Lilian M. Mwaniki, Hamisi S. Nyingilili, Eugene A. Lyaruu, Lupakisyo A. Kapange, Peter Kuria Kamau, Daniel K. Masiga Oct 2013

Comparative Diagnostic And Analytical Performance Of Pcr And Lamp-Based Trypanosome Detection Methods Estimated Using Pooled Whole Tsetse Flies And Midguts, Imna I. Malele, Johnson O. Ouma, John C.K. Enyaru, Enock Matovu, Vincent Alibu, Joanna E. Auma, Samuel G. Onyoyo, Rosemary Bateta, Robert E. Changasi, Phoebe W. Mukiria, Kariuki Ndung'u, Purity K. Gitonga, Lilian M. Mwaniki, Hamisi S. Nyingilili, Eugene A. Lyaruu, Lupakisyo A. Kapange, Peter Kuria Kamau, Daniel K. Masiga

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Detection of trypanosomes that cause disease in human beings and livestock within their tsetse fly hosts is an essential component of vector and disease control programmes. Several molecular-based diagnostic tests have been developed for this purpose. Many of these tests, while sensitive, require analysis of trypanosome DNA extracted from single flies, or from pooled tsetse fly heads and amplified trypanosome DNA. In this study, we evaluated the relative analytical and diagnostic sensitivities of two PCR-based tests (ITS and TBR) and a Trypanozoon specific LAMP assay using pooled whole tsetse flies and midguts spiked with serially diluted procyclics of a laboratory …

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Camel Streptococcus Agalactiae Populations Are Associated With Specific Disease Complexes And Acquired The Tetracycline Resistance Gene Tetm Via A Tn916-Like Element, Anne Fischer, Anne Liljander, Heike Kaspar, Cecilia Muriuki, Hans Henrik Fuxelius, Erik Bongcam-Rudloff, Etienne P. De Villiers, Charlotte A. Huber, Joachim Frey, Claudia Daubenberger, Richard Bishop, Mario Younan, Joerg Jores Oct 2013

Camel Streptococcus Agalactiae Populations Are Associated With Specific Disease Complexes And Acquired The Tetracycline Resistance Gene Tetm Via A Tn916-Like Element, Anne Fischer, Anne Liljander, Heike Kaspar, Cecilia Muriuki, Hans Henrik Fuxelius, Erik Bongcam-Rudloff, Etienne P. De Villiers, Charlotte A. Huber, Joachim Frey, Claudia Daubenberger, Richard Bishop, Mario Younan, Joerg Jores

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Camels are the most valuable livestock species in the Horn of Africa and play a pivotal role in the nutritional sustainability for millions of people. Their health status is therefore of utmost importance for the people living in this region. Streptococcus agalactiae, a Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is an important camel pathogen. Here we present the first epidemiological study based on genetic and phenotypic data from African camel derived GBS. Ninety-two GBS were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), capsular polysaccharide typing and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We analysed the GBS using Bayesian linkage, phylogenetic and minimum spanning tree …

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Tpl2 Kinase Regulates Fcγr Signaling And Immune Thrombocytopenia In Mice, Irene Kyrmizi, Marianna Ioannou, Maria Hatziapostolou, Philip N. Tsichlis, Dimitrios T. Boumpas, Ioannis Tassiulas Oct 2013

Tpl2 Kinase Regulates Fcγr Signaling And Immune Thrombocytopenia In Mice, Irene Kyrmizi, Marianna Ioannou, Maria Hatziapostolou, Philip N. Tsichlis, Dimitrios T. Boumpas, Ioannis Tassiulas

NYMC Faculty Publications

The MAPK3 Tpl2 controls innate and adaptive immunity by regulating TLR, TNF-α, and GPCR signaling in a variety of cell types. Its ablation gives rise to an anti-inflammatory phenotype characterized by resistance to LPS-induced endotoxin shock, DSS-induced colitis, and TNF-α-induced IBD. Here, we address the role of Tpl2 in autoimmunity. Our data show that the ablation and the pharmacological inhibition of Tpl2 protect mice from antiplatelet antibody-induced thrombocytopenia, a model of ITP. Thrombocytopenia in this model and in ITP is caused by phagocytosis of platelets opsonized with antiplatelet antibodies and depends on FcγR activation in splenic and hepatic myeloid cells. …

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The Proton Problem, Edward C. Halperin Oct 2013

The Proton Problem, Edward C. Halperin

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Bradykinin B2 Receptor In The Adrenal Medulla Of Male Rats And Mice: Glucocorticoid-Dependent Increase With Immobilization Stress, Regina Nostramo, Andrej Tillinger, Lidia Serova, Richard Kvetnansky, Esther L. Sabban Oct 2013

Bradykinin B2 Receptor In The Adrenal Medulla Of Male Rats And Mice: Glucocorticoid-Dependent Increase With Immobilization Stress, Regina Nostramo, Andrej Tillinger, Lidia Serova, Richard Kvetnansky, Esther L. Sabban

NYMC Faculty Publications

Bradykinin, acting via the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R), is a potent stimulator of adrenomedullary catecholamine biosynthesis and release and likely plays an important role in the adrenomedullary stress response. However, the effects of stress on the expression of this receptor in the adrenal medulla are currently unclear. Here, we examined the changes in adrenomedullary B2R gene expression in male rats in response to single (1 time) and repeated (6 times) exposure to 2 hours immobilization stress (IMO). Immediately after 1 or 6 times IMO, B2R mRNA levels were increased by 9-fold and 7-fold, respectively, and returned to unstressed control levels …

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Src Family Protein Tyrosine Kinase Regulates The Basolateral K Channel In The Distal Convoluted Tubule (Dct) By Phosphorylation Of Kcnj10 Protein, Chengbiao Zhang, Lijun Wang, Sherin Thomas, Kemeng Wang, Dao-Hong Lin, Jesse Rinehart, Wen-Hui Wang Sep 2013

Src Family Protein Tyrosine Kinase Regulates The Basolateral K Channel In The Distal Convoluted Tubule (Dct) By Phosphorylation Of Kcnj10 Protein, Chengbiao Zhang, Lijun Wang, Sherin Thomas, Kemeng Wang, Dao-Hong Lin, Jesse Rinehart, Wen-Hui Wang

NYMC Faculty Publications

The loss of function of the basolateral K channels in the distal nephron causes electrolyte imbalance. The aim of this study is to examine the role of Src family protein tyrosine kinase (SFK) in regulating K channels in the basolateral membrane of the mouse initial distal convoluted tubule (DCT1). Single-channel recordings confirmed that the 40-picosiemen (pS) K channel was the only type of K channel in the basolateral membrane of DCT1. The suppression of SFK reversibly inhibited the basolateral 40-pS K channel activity in cell-attached patches and decreased the Ba(2+)-sensitive whole-cell K currents in DCT1. Inhibition of SFK also shifted …

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Hunger-Driven Response By A Nectar-Eating Jumping Spider To Specific Phytochemicals, Ximena J. Nelson, Robert R. Jackson Sep 2013

Hunger-Driven Response By A Nectar-Eating Jumping Spider To Specific Phytochemicals, Ximena J. Nelson, Robert R. Jackson

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The jumping spider Evarcha culicivora (Salticidae) has unusual links to Lantana camara, a plant species to which it is attracted. Three phytochemicals from the headspace of L. camara (1,8 cineole and especially β-caryophyllene and α-humulene) attract adult E. culicivora. These spiders, especially early-instar juveniles, feed on nectar, but adults may use L. camara as mating sites. The hypothesis we consider here is that, for E. culicivora juveniles, although not for adults, responding to plant odor is relevant in the specific context of acquiring nectar meals. We show that juveniles resemble adults by responding to β-caryophyllene and α-humulene, but we found …

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The Promise Of Innovation In Radiation Oncology?, Edward C. Halperin Aug 2013

The Promise Of Innovation In Radiation Oncology?, Edward C. Halperin

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Overweight And Obesity: Can We Reconcile Evidence About Supermarkets And Fast Food Retailers For Public Health Policy?, Deborah Viola, Peter S. Arno, Andrew R. Maroko, Clyde B. Schechter, Nancy Sohler, Andrew Rundle, Kathryn M. Neckerman, Juliana Maantay Aug 2013

Overweight And Obesity: Can We Reconcile Evidence About Supermarkets And Fast Food Retailers For Public Health Policy?, Deborah Viola, Peter S. Arno, Andrew R. Maroko, Clyde B. Schechter, Nancy Sohler, Andrew Rundle, Kathryn M. Neckerman, Juliana Maantay

NYMC Faculty Publications

The aim of this study is to determine whether access to fast food outlets and supermarkets is associated with overweight and obesity in New York City neighborhoods. We use a Bayesian ecologic approach for spatial prediction. Consistent with prior research, we find no association between fast food density and overweight or obesity. Consistent with prior research, we find that supermarket access has a salutary impact on overweight and obesity. Given the lack of empirical evidence linking fast food retailers with adverse health outcomes, policymakers should be encouraged to adopt policies that incentivize the establishment of supermarkets and the modification of …

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Gene Expression-Based Biomarkers For Anopheles Gambiae Age Grading, Mei Hui Wang, Osvaldo Marinotti, Daibin Zhong, Anthony A. James, Edward Walker, Tom Guda, Eliningaya J. Kweka, John Githure, Guiyun Yan Jul 2013

Gene Expression-Based Biomarkers For Anopheles Gambiae Age Grading, Mei Hui Wang, Osvaldo Marinotti, Daibin Zhong, Anthony A. James, Edward Walker, Tom Guda, Eliningaya J. Kweka, John Githure, Guiyun Yan

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Information on population age structure of mosquitoes under natural conditions is fundamental to the understanding of vectorial capacity and crucial for assessing the impact of vector control measures on malaria transmission. Transcriptional profiling has been proposed as a method for predicting mosquito age for Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes, however, whether this new method is adequate for natural conditions is unknown. This study tests the applicability of transcriptional profiling for age-grading of Anopheles gambiae, the most important malaria vector in Africa. The transcript abundance of two An. gambiae genes, AGAP009551 and AGAP011615, was measured during aging under laboratory and field conditions …

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Physical, Behavioral, And Psychological Traits Of Gay Men Identifying As Bears, David A. Moskowitz, Jonathan Turrubiates, Hector Lozano, Christopher Hajek Jul 2013

Physical, Behavioral, And Psychological Traits Of Gay Men Identifying As Bears, David A. Moskowitz, Jonathan Turrubiates, Hector Lozano, Christopher Hajek

NYMC Faculty Publications

The Bear community exists as a subculture in reaction to the larger gay community. It rejects the normative idealized male beauty revered by mainstream gay men. While qualitative data document such self-identifiers as masculine-acting gay men who weigh more and have more body hair, there has to date been no quantitative analysis of this group's characteristics. In response, we conducted two large-scale studies of gay men identifying as Bears (n = 469) to survey their self-reported physical, behavioral, and psychological traits. Our studies indicated that Bears were more likely to be hairier, heavier, and shorter than mainstream gay men. They …

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Resveratrol And Its Metabolites Modulate Cytokine-Mediated Induction Of Eotaxin-1 In Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells, Joseph M. Wu, Tze-Chen Hsieh, Ching-Jen Yang, Susan C. Olson Jul 2013

Resveratrol And Its Metabolites Modulate Cytokine-Mediated Induction Of Eotaxin-1 In Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells, Joseph M. Wu, Tze-Chen Hsieh, Ching-Jen Yang, Susan C. Olson

NYMC Faculty Publications

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death in many developed countries. Evidence has long implicated endothelial injury and inflammation as apical events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the primary cause of CHD. Numerous risk factors contribute to a damaged, inflamed endothelium. Conversely, cardioprotective agents targeting the dysfunctional endothelium have also been identified, notably from dietary sources. We have used cultured human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) to test the diet-mediated cardioprotective hypothesis. In this review, we summarize our recent findings on control of transcription and expression of inflammation biomarker eotaxin-1 in HPAECs exposed to single or combined …

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Β-Adrenergic Blockade In Cardiovascular Disease, William H. Frishman Jul 2013

Β-Adrenergic Blockade In Cardiovascular Disease, William H. Frishman

NYMC Faculty Publications

The development and subsequent clinical application of the β-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs represent one of the major advances in human pharmacotherapeutics. No other class of synthetic drugs has demonstrated such widespread therapeutic utility for the treatment and prevention of so many cardiovascular diseases. In addition, these drugs have proven to be molecular probes that have contributed to our understanding of the disease, and on the molecular level, both the structure and function of the 7 transmembrane G protein receptors that mediate the actions of many different hormones, neurotransmitters, and drugs. The evolution of β-blocker drug development has led to refinements …

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Transcriptome Profiling Of Hippocampal Ca1 After Early-Life Seizure-Induced Preconditioning May Elucidate New Genetic Therapies For Epilepsy, L K. Friedman, J Mancuso, A Patel, V Kudur, J R. Leheste, S Iacobas, J Botta, D A. Iacobas, D C. Spray Jul 2013

Transcriptome Profiling Of Hippocampal Ca1 After Early-Life Seizure-Induced Preconditioning May Elucidate New Genetic Therapies For Epilepsy, L K. Friedman, J Mancuso, A Patel, V Kudur, J R. Leheste, S Iacobas, J Botta, D A. Iacobas, D C. Spray

NYMC Faculty Publications

Injury of the CA1 subregion induced by a single injection of kainic acid (1 × KA) in juvenile animals (P20) is attenuated in animals with two prior sustained neonatal seizures on P6 and P9. To identify gene candidates involved in the spatially protective effects produced by early-life conditioning seizures we profiled and compared the transcriptomes of CA1 subregions from control, 1 × KA- and 3 × KA-treated animals. More genes were regulated following 3 × KA (9.6%) than after 1 × KA (7.1%). Following 1 × KA, genes supporting oxidative stress, growth, development, inflammation and neurotransmission were upregulated (e.g. Cacng1, …

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Concise Review: Endothelial Stem And Progenitor Cells And Their Habitats, Michael S. Goligorsky, Petri Salven Jul 2013

Concise Review: Endothelial Stem And Progenitor Cells And Their Habitats, Michael S. Goligorsky, Petri Salven

NYMC Faculty Publications

Recent studies on the stem cell origins of regenerating tissues have provided solid evidence in support of the role of the resident cells, rather than bone marrow-derived or transplanted stem cells, in restoring tissue architecture after an injury. This is also true for endothelial stem and progenitor cells: local pools exist in the vascular wall, and those cells are the primary drivers of vascular regeneration. This paradigm shift offers an opportunity to rethink and refine our understanding of the multiple therapeutic effects of transplanted endothelial progenitor cells, focusing on their secretome, sheddome, intercellular communicational routes, and other potential ways to …

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Spontaneous Fluctuation Indices Of The Cardiovagal Baroreflex Accurately Measure The Baroreflex Sensitivity At The Operating Point During Upright Tilt, Christopher E. Schwartz, Marvin S. Medow, Zachary Messer, Julian M. Stewart Jun 2013

Spontaneous Fluctuation Indices Of The Cardiovagal Baroreflex Accurately Measure The Baroreflex Sensitivity At The Operating Point During Upright Tilt, Christopher E. Schwartz, Marvin S. Medow, Zachary Messer, Julian M. Stewart

NYMC Faculty Publications

Spontaneous fluctuation indices of cardiovagal baroreflex have been suggested to be inaccurate measures of baroreflex function during orthostatic stress compared with alternate open-loop methods (e.g. neck pressure/suction, modified Oxford method). We therefore tested the hypothesis that spontaneous fluctuation measurements accurately reflect local baroreflex gain (slope) at the operating point measured by the modified Oxford method, and that apparent differences between these two techniques during orthostasis can be explained by a resetting of the baroreflex function curve. We computed the sigmoidal baroreflex function curves supine and during 70° tilt in 12 young, healthy individuals. With the use of the modified Oxford …

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Two Distinct Modes Of Exocytotic Fusion Pore Expansion In Large Astrocytic Vesicles, Hong Peng, Ning Kang, Jun Xu, Patric K. Stanton, Jian Kang Jun 2013

Two Distinct Modes Of Exocytotic Fusion Pore Expansion In Large Astrocytic Vesicles, Hong Peng, Ning Kang, Jun Xu, Patric K. Stanton, Jian Kang

NYMC Faculty Publications

Formation of the fusion pore is a central question for regulated exocytosis by which secretory cells release neurotransmitters or hormones. Here, by dynamically monitoring exocytosis of large vesicles (2-7 μM) in astrocytes with two-photon microscopy imaging, we found that the exocytotic fusion pore was generated from the SNARE-dependent fusion at a ring shape of the docked plasma-vesicular membrane and the movement of a fusion-produced membrane fragment. We observed two modes of fragment movements, 1) a shift fragment that shifted to expand the fusion pore and 2) a fall-in fragment that fell into the collapsed vesicle to expand the fusion pore. …

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Possible Treatment Of End-Stage Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy By Inhibition Of Glutamine Synthetase, Arthur J. Cooper Jun 2013

Possible Treatment Of End-Stage Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy By Inhibition Of Glutamine Synthetase, Arthur J. Cooper

NYMC Faculty Publications

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is highly active in astrocytes, and these cells are physiologically and morphologically compromised by hyperammonemia. Hyperammonemia in end-stage acute liver failure (ALF) is often associated with cerebral edema and astrocyte pathology/swelling. Many studies of animal models of hyperammonemia, and, more recently, nuclear magnetic resonance studies of liver disease patients, have shown that cerebral glutamine is elevated in hyperammonemia, contributing to the edema and encephalopathy. The GS inhibitor L-methionine-S,R-sulfoximine (MSO) is protective in animal models against acute ammonia intoxication. MSO is also an inhibitor of glutamate cysteine ligase, is converted to metabolic products, and causes convulsions at high …

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Middle Cerebral O₂ Delivery During The Modified Oxford Maneuver Increases With Sodium Nitroprusside And Decreases During Phenylephrine, Julian M. Stewart, Marvin S. Medow, Andrew Delpozzi, Zachary R. Messer, Courtney Terilli, Christopher E. Schwartz Jun 2013

Middle Cerebral O₂ Delivery During The Modified Oxford Maneuver Increases With Sodium Nitroprusside And Decreases During Phenylephrine, Julian M. Stewart, Marvin S. Medow, Andrew Delpozzi, Zachary R. Messer, Courtney Terilli, Christopher E. Schwartz

NYMC Faculty Publications

The modified Oxford maneuver is the reference standard for assessing arterial baroreflex function. The maneuver comprises a systemic bolus injection of 100 μg sodium nitroprusside (SNP) followed by 150 μg phenylephrine (PE). On the one hand, this results in an increase in oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin followed by a decrease within the cerebral sample volume illuminated by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). On the other hand, it produces a decrease in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) during SNP and an increase in CBFv during PE as measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. To resolve this apparent discrepancy, …

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Myelodysplasia: New Approaches, Karen Seiter Jun 2013

Myelodysplasia: New Approaches, Karen Seiter

NYMC Faculty Publications

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by bone marrow failure and a risk of progression to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). A precise diagnosis is critical, because there is overlap between the clinical and laboratory findings of MDS and other malignant and nonmalignant hematologic disorders. Several prognostic scoring systems (IPSS, WPSS, LR-PSS, and IPSS-R) assess a patient's risk of progression to AML and overall survival. Many patients are elderly, so age and comorbidities are an important consideration. Patients with lower-risk disease are treated with growth factors (erythropoietin stimulating agents and/or G-CSF) and immunomodulatory agents (antithymocyte …

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Gene Loss, Thermogenesis, And The Origin Of Birds, Stuart A. Newman, Nadezhda V. Mezentseva, Alexander V. Badyaev Jun 2013

Gene Loss, Thermogenesis, And The Origin Of Birds, Stuart A. Newman, Nadezhda V. Mezentseva, Alexander V. Badyaev

NYMC Faculty Publications

Compared to related taxa, birds have exceptionally enlarged and diversified skeletal muscles, features that are closely associated with skeletal diversification and are commonly explained by a diversity of avian ecological niches and locomotion types. The thermogenic muscle hypothesis (TMH) for the origin of birds proposes that such muscle hyperplasia and the associated skeletal innovations are instead the consequence of the avian clade originating from an ancestral population that underwent several successive episodes of loss of genes associated with thermogenesis, myogenesis, and skeletogenesis. Direct bird ancestors met this challenge with a combination of behavioral strategies (e.g., brooding of nestlings) and acquisition …

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Evidence For Novel Aspects Of Nox4 Oxidase Regulation Of Mitochondrial Function And Peroxide Generation In An Endothelial Cell Model Of Senescence, Michael S. Wolin Jun 2013

Evidence For Novel Aspects Of Nox4 Oxidase Regulation Of Mitochondrial Function And Peroxide Generation In An Endothelial Cell Model Of Senescence, Michael S. Wolin

NYMC Faculty Publications

Observations by Kozieł et al. reported in this issue of the Biochemical Journal suggest the existence of novel regulatory processes associated with new evidence for increased Nox4 (NAPDH oxidase 4) regulation of mitochondrial function in a cultured endothelial cell aging-induced senescence model. Cellular aging appears to promote a Nox4 interaction with mitochondria that disrupts complex I in the electron transport chain and increases the detection of mitochondrial H(2)O(2). Nox4 appears to maintain a highly interconnected mitochondrial network, which may influence mitochondrial fission and/or fusion mechanisms in a manner that could be a contributing factor in the loss of replicative lifespan …

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