Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation On Indirect Indicators Of Muscle Damage And Performance, Beau K. Greer

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine whether branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation attenuates indirect indicators of muscle damage, lowers ratings of perceived exertion, and improves aerobic performance as compared to an isocaloric, carbohydrate (CHO) beverage or a non-caloric placebo beverage. Nine, untrained males (VO2 max 36.26 2.23 ml/kg/min) performed three 90-minute cycling bouts at 55% VO2 max followed by a 15-minute time trial. Metabolic data was collected every 15 minutes during the steady-state ride, and indirect muscle damage markers were assessed pre, post, 4-hours, 24-hours, and 48-hours post-exercise. Pre and post-exercise concentrations of the BCAA and glucose were …

Dietary Supplements And Sports Performance: Herbals, Melvin H. Williams

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

This is the fourth in a series of six articles to discuss the major classes of dietary supplements (vitamins; minerals; amino acids; herbs or botanicals; metabolites, constituents/extracts, or combinations). The major focus is on efficacy of such dietary supplements to enhance exercise or sport performance.

Preliminary Results For A Monocular Marker-Free Gait Measurement System, Jane Courtney, Annraoi Depaor

Articles

This paper presents results from a novel monocular marker-free gait measurement system. The system was designed for physical and occupational therapists to monitor the progress of patients through therapy. It is based on a novel human motion capture method derived from model-based tracking. Testing is performed on two monocular, sagittal-view, sample gait videos – one with both the environment and the subject’s appearance and movement restricted and one in a natural environment with unrestricted clothing and motion. Results of the modelling, tracking and analysis stages are presented along with standard gait graphs and parameters.

Psychological Response To Injury, Recovery, And Social Support: A Survey Of Athletes At An Ncaa Division I University, Courtney A. Klenk

Senior Honors Projects

According to the National Athletic Trainers’ Association, “In the last 10 years, college sports have flourished, with athletes required to train and compete year-round rather than seasonally . . .At the same time, athletes are getting bigger, stronger and more physical – which leads to a greater risk of injury.” Sports injury can be traumatic for many athletes because it is an important component of their self-identity. In addition to the physical pain of an injury, athletes struggle psychologically, however little is known about their emotional response, recovery, and need for social support. The Emotional Response of Athletes to Injury …

The Total And Specific Dimensions Of Self Concept Related To Female Participation In Collegiate Athletics, Dane Bradford Beary

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if differences existed between female collegiate sport participation and non-participation, as well as female collegiate individual and team sport participation on the total, the specific dimensions of self-concept and supplementary scores as rendered by the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale Second Edition TSCS:2 (Fitts & Warren, 1996). A subject pool of N=190 participants were used. All subjects included in data analysis were female undergraduate students. A multivariate analysis of variance (M ANOVA) was utilized to evaluate effects of sports participation versus non-participation and individual versus team sports participation on self-concept. On sports participation versus …

Our Thirst Mechanism And Anp, Kerry Dinon

Inquiry Journal 2006

No abstract provided.

Disaggregating The Relative Influence Of Genetic, Environmental And Individual Factors On Ldl And Hdl Cholesterols And Bmi For A Sample Of African American (Aa) Mothers And Daughters, C. Jayne Brahler, Jewel Harden, Michelle Mchone, Matthew Soules, Eric Evans, Ann Alyanak, Fred Diakpieng, Paul M. Vanderburgh

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

There are many reports about the associations between blood lipids, body mass index (BMI) and dietary cholesterol intakes both within the individual and between related individuals. The purpose of this descriptive research project was to investigate the relationships between LDL and HDL cholesterols, body mass index and dietary cholesterol intakes for a sample of African American (AA) mothers and their daughters and to attempt to separate the contribution of genetic versus environmental factors. Mother and daughter participants (n =42 and 66, respectively) were 12-14-hours fasted when blood samples were drawn, heights and weights measured, and 24 hour food recalls completed.

Knee Valgus In Self-Initiated Vertical Jump Landings: Developmental And Gender Comparisons, Pamela J. Russell, Erik E. Swartz, Laura C. Decoster, Ron V. Croce

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The study examined gender and developmental differences in knee valgus angle and external knee valgus moment at the time of maximal vertical ground reaction force (MGRFz) in self-initiated vertical jump (VJ) landings. Fifty-six subjects grouped by age (pre-pubescent (8-11 yrs); post-pubescent (19-29 yrs)) and gender jumped for a ball set at 50% of their maximum VJ height then landed on two feet with only their dominant foot on the force plate. Statistical analyses of motion analysis (3-D) and GRF data showed that children had greater valgus angles (p = .003) and moments (p = .026) at MGRFz compared to adults. …

B-Complex Vitamins' Role In Energy Release, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

This article reports on the B-Complex Vitamin's role in energy release. The author describes the importance of carbohydrates as a source of energy in physical activity, as well as the ways in which vitamins, minerals, and water work together to impact an athletes performance. Included are the definitions of essential chemicals, the importance of the six basic nutrients, and the role of B-complex vitamins in energy metabolism.

Practical Suggestions For Vegetarian Athletes, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article recommends health practices and behavior for vegetarian athletes. Vegetarians can be categorized by the types of foods that they consume. Vegetarian diets are more common among adolescents with eating disorders than in the general adolescent population. Athletic trainers should be concerned if symptoms of eating disorders surface in an athlete who states that he or she is a vegetarian.

A Risk Factor Model For Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Gerwyn Hughes, J. Watkins

Kinesiology (Formerly Exercise and Sport Science)

The stability of the tibiofemoral joint is maintained by passive (non-contractile) and dynamic (contractile) mechanisms. The passive mechanisms include the shape of the articular surfaces, the menisci, the ligaments and the joint capsule. The dynamic mechanisms consist of the muscle-tendon units that cross the joint, in particular, the quadriceps and hamstrings. The incidence of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is reported to be 6 to 8 times greater in females than males competing in the same activities. A number of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors have been proposed to account for this gender difference in the incidence of ACL …

The Effects Of Static Stretching On Vertical Jump Performance, Tom Evans

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The vertical jump can play a significant role for many athletes in various competitive sports. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect that passive static stretching has on various athletes from various sports. The athletes were asked to perform a certain amount of jumps with no stretching routine and a set of jumps with a stretching routine. The results calculated for this study did show to have a statistically significant difference between jumping with stretching and jumping without stretching.

Men's Basketball Media Guide 2006-2007, Indiana State University

Intercollegiate Athletics

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Handling Time On Temporal Discounting In Two New World Primates, Alexandra G. Rosati, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Marc D. Hauser

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Foraging decisions in nonhuman animals often require choosing between small, immediate food rewards and larger, more delayed rewards. Faced with such choices, animals typically discount or devalue the future quite strongly. Although discounting studies often focus on delays to reward access, other temporal intervals contribute to foraging rate, and thus may potentially influence discounting levels. Here, we examine the effect of handling time, the time required to process and consume food, on discounting in cottontop tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, and common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, two species that differ in levels of temporal discounting. We presented subjects with a discounting task under …

The Effects Of Isokinetic Contraction Velocity On The Concentric To Eccentric Strength Relationship Of The Biceps Brachii, Daniel G. Drury, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Clifford W. Mason, Julia C. Girman

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of contraction velocity on the eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) torque production of the biceps brachii. After performing warm-up procedures, each male subject (n = 11) completed 3 sets of 5 maximal bilateral CON and ECC isokinetic contractions of the biceps at three different speeds on a Biodex System 3 dynamometer. The men received a 3-minute rest between sets and the order of exercises was randomized. Peak torque (Nm) values were obtained for CON and ECC contractions at each speed. Peak torque scores (ECC vs. CON) were compared using …

Looking At Gender Differences Through The Lens Of Sport Spectators, Lynn Ridinger, Daniel C. Funk

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

This paper explores common assumptions about the intrinsic differences between male and female consumers within a subset of leisure consumption - sport spectating. This research utilized the Sports Interest Inventory (SII) (Funk, Mahony & Ridinger, 2002) to examine differences between spectators (N = 959) attending men's and women's basketball games at a NCAA Division I institution. MANOVA results revealed nine differences for Team-Gender, seven differences for Spectator-Gender, and three interaction effects. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that three core interest factors (university pride, team interest, and vicarious achievement) explained a significant proportion of variance in commitment and attendance behavior for …

Effect Of A Single Bout Of Prior Moderate Exercise On Cutaneous Perfusion In Type 2 Diabetes, Sheri R. Colberg, Henri K. Parson, Tanja Nunnold, D. Robb Holton, Aaron I. Vinik

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

In diabetic individuals, increased shunting of circulation away from the skin may exist, contributing to their greater risk for ulcerations and poor cutaneous healing. In a prospective study (1), we previously found a lower skin perfusion during local heating in the foot dorsum of sedentary type 2 diabetic individuals compared with active people without diabetes. This defect was present despite normal increases in skin interstitial nitric oxide (NO), suggesting that NO is either ineffective or not involved (2). A prior bout of maximal exercise also lessened the impaired responsiveness to local heating of the dorsal foot in active type 2 …

Kids Don't Bat Rocks Anymore, Dennie Bridges

IWU Authors Bookshelf

No abstract provided.

Hazing: What Ohio High School Teachers, Coaches And Administrators Need To Know, Corinne M. Daprano, Meghan Kenney, Peter J. Titlebaum, Michael Triola

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Once thought to be primarily an issue of concern for university fraternities and sororities, hazing has emerged as a disturbing trend with an increase in the number of incidents involving high school student athletes. High school coaches, athletic administrators, and teachers must understand that initiation rites of sport teams can sometimes spiral out of control with grave legal and financial consequences for student athletes and school officials. The purposes of this article are to:

• Define hazing and review the history of anti-hazing legislation in the United States of America.

• Describe hazing laws in the State of Ohio.

• Review current research …

Body Weight Penalties In The Physical Fitness Tests Of The Army, Air Force, And Navy, Paul M. Vanderburgh, Todd A. Crowder

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Recent research has empirically documented a consistent penalty against heavier service members for events identical or similar to those in the physical fitness tests of the Army, Air Force, and Navy. These penalties, not related to body fatness, are based on biological scaling models and have a physiologic basis. Using hypothetical cases, we quantified the penalties for males, 60 vs. 90 kg body weight, and females, 45 vs. 75 kg, to be 15-20% for the fitness tests of these three services. Such penalties alone can adversely impact awards and promotions for heavier service members. To deal equitably with these penalties …

Football Media Guide 2006, Indiana State University

Intercollegiate Athletics

No abstract provided.

Women's Basketball Media Guide 2006-2007, Indiana State University

Intercollegiate Athletics

No abstract provided.

The Girl Scout Climbing Wall Multidisciplinary Service-Learning Project, Margaret Pinnell, Corinne M. Daprano, Gabrielle Williamson

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The Girl Scout Wall (GS Wall) project was implemented in two classes at the University of Dayton (UD): a Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE) course, and a Health and Sports Science (HSS) course, and Sport Facility Management. The MAE course, Introduction to Materials, is a three-credit, third-year required course where students learn about the basic structure and properties of materials as well as the principles of material selection. The Sport Facility Management course is a three-semester hour, required HSS course where students are introduced to the processes of planning, constructing, equipping, maintaining, and managing sport facilities.

Sports Science Roundtable: Does Sports Science Research Influence Practice?, David Bishop, Angus Burnett, Damien Farrow, Tim Gabbett, Robert Newton

Research outputs pre 2011

As sports scientists, we claim to make a signifi cant contribution to the body of knowledge that infl uences athletic practice and performance. Is this the reality? At the inaugural congress of the Australian Association for Exercise and Sports Science, a panel of well-credentialed academic experts with experience in the applied environment debated the question, Does sports-science research influence practice? The fi rst task was to defi ne “sports-science research,” and it was generally agreed that it is concerned with providing evidence that improves sports performance. When practices are equally effective, sports scientists also have a role in identifying practices …

Core Temperature And Hydration Status During An Ironman Triathlon, Paul B. Laursen, Rob Suriano, Marc Quod, Hamilton Lee, Chris Abbiss, Kazunori Nosaka, David Martin, David Bishop

Research outputs pre 2011

No abstract provided.

Reliability Of Normalisation Methods For Emg Analysis Of Neck Muscles, Kevin Netto, Angus F Burnett

Research outputs pre 2011

Acceptable reliability of normalisation contractions in electromyography (EMG) is paramount for testing conducted over a number of days or if normal laboratory strength testing equipment is unavailable. This study examined the reliability of maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) and sub-maximal (60%) isometric contractions for use in neck muscle EMG studies. Surface EMG was recorded bilaterally from eight sites around the neck at C4/5 level from five healthy male subjects. Subjects performed MVIC and sub-maximal normalisation contractions using an isokinetic dynamometer (ID) and a portable cable dynamometer with attached strain gauge (PCD) in addition to a MVIC against a manual resistance …

An Investigation Of The Effect Of Exercised Arm, Training Status, And Racial Background On Changes In Markers Of Muscle Damage Following Maximal Eccentric Exercise Of The Elbow Flexors, Michael J. Newton

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Despite the substantial body of research accumulated on exercise-induced muscle damage, there remain several areas that warrant further investigation. Study groups comprised of individuals from differing racial background and /or training status have the potential to influence the intra-group variability in damage markers following eccentric exercise. In addition, if a contralateral arm model is employed, intra- and inter-group variation could be influenced by the formation of groups based on limb dominance and /or the order in which the arms are exercised. Currently there is a dearth of research addressing these factors, however, these types of studies are important as they …

Effects Of Hypoxia On Exercise Induced Muscle Damage, Trevor M. Farr

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The present study investigated the hypothesis that maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) peak torque, VJ, muscle tenderness, and plasma creatine activity would be significantly less for the condition that subjects were exposed to hypoxic (H) condition for 4 hours after eccentric exercise compared with the normoxic (N) condition.

The Contribution Of Socio-Economic Status And Maturity On Injury Risk In Youth Soccer, Kristin Noel Stoneberg

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Soccer is considered the universal sport as it is played by youth in nearly every nation around the world. With such a large number of children involved in soccer, injury is inevitable. Many possible risk factors have been identified, but very little current data address other risk factors such as maturity and socio-economic status (SES). The purpose of this study was to determine injury rates and the association between injury, maturity, socio-economic status, and other risk factors in youth soccer players. There were 440 youth soccer players ages 6-18 years involved in the cohort sample and a sub-sample of 102 …

Effects Of Sprint Training On Extrarenal Potassium Regulation With Intense Exercise In Type 1 Diabetes, Alison R. Harmer, Patricia A. Ruell, Michael J. Mckenna, Donald J. Chisholm, Sandra K. Hunter, Jeanette M. Thom, Norman R. Morris, Jeff R. Flack

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Effects of sprint training on plasma K⁺ concentration ([K⁺]) regulation during intense exercise and on muscle Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase were investigated in subjects with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) under real-life conditions and in nondiabetic subjects(CON). Eight subjects with T1D and seven CON undertook 7 wk of sprint cycling training. Before training, subjects cycled to exhaustion at 130% peak O₂ uptake. After training, identical work was performed. Arterialized venous blood was drawn at rest, during exercise, and at recovery and analyzed for plasma glucose, [K⁺], Na⁺ concentration ([Na⁺]), catecholamines, …