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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

The Effects Of Short-Term, Progressive Exercise Training On Disease Activity In Smouldering Multiple Myeloma And Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance: A Single-Arm Pilot Study, A. Emery, S. Moore, J. Crowe, J. Murray, O. Peacock, D. Thompson, F. Betts, S. Rapps, L. Ross, D. Rothschild-Rodriguez, A. A. Echarri, R. Davies, R. Lewis, D. X. Augustine, A. Whiteway, Z. Afzal, J. L. J. Heaney, M. T. Drayson, J. E. Turner, John P. Campbell Dec 2024

The Effects Of Short-Term, Progressive Exercise Training On Disease Activity In Smouldering Multiple Myeloma And Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance: A Single-Arm Pilot Study, A. Emery, S. Moore, J. Crowe, J. Murray, O. Peacock, D. Thompson, F. Betts, S. Rapps, L. Ross, D. Rothschild-Rodriguez, A. A. Echarri, R. Davies, R. Lewis, D. X. Augustine, A. Whiteway, Z. Afzal, J. L. J. Heaney, M. T. Drayson, J. E. Turner, John P. Campbell

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: High levels of physical activity are associated with reduced risk of the blood cancer multiple myeloma (MM). MM is preceded by the asymptomatic stages of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM) which are clinically managed by watchful waiting. A case study (N = 1) of a former elite athlete aged 44 years previously indicated that a multi-modal exercise programme reversed SMM disease activity. To build from this prior case study, the present pilot study firstly examined if short-term exercise training was feasible and safe for a group of MGUS and SMM patients, and secondly …


Exercise Training Mode Effects On Myokine Expression In Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, Francesco Bettariga, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvão, Pedro Lopez, Chris Bishop, Anna Maria Markarian, Valentina Natalucci, Jin Soo Kim, Robert U. Newton Nov 2024

Exercise Training Mode Effects On Myokine Expression In Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, Francesco Bettariga, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvão, Pedro Lopez, Chris Bishop, Anna Maria Markarian, Valentina Natalucci, Jin Soo Kim, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The benefits of exercise are well known; however, many of the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines, which mediate muscle–organ crosstalk. Myokines regulate satellite-cell proliferation and migration, inflammatory cascade, insulin secretion, angiogenesis, fatty oxidation, and cancer suppression. To date, the effects of different exercise modes (namely, aerobic and resistance exercise) on myokine response remain to be elucidated. This is crucial considering the clinical implementation of exercise to enhance general health and wellbeing and as a medical treatment. Methods: A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science in …


Performance Determinants And Evidence-Based Practice In Track Cycling: A Survey Of Coaches, Practitioners, And Athletes, Antony M.J. Stadnyk, Franco M. Impellizzeri, Jamie Stanley, Paolo Menaspà, Katie M. Slattery Oct 2024

Performance Determinants And Evidence-Based Practice In Track Cycling: A Survey Of Coaches, Practitioners, And Athletes, Antony M.J. Stadnyk, Franco M. Impellizzeri, Jamie Stanley, Paolo Menaspà, Katie M. Slattery

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: This study examined how track cycling coaches, practitioners, and athletes: develop knowledge and practices; value performance areas; and, implement research into practice. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: An online REDCap survey of track cycling coaches, practitioners, and athletes was conducted involving questions related to demographics, performance area importance, knowledge acquisition and application, research relevance, and research direction. Results: A total of 159 responses were received from coaches (n = 55), practitioners (n = 29), and athletes (n = 75). Participants' highest track cycling competition level involvement ranged from local/regional (12.7%) to Olympic/Paralympic (39.9%). Respondents primarily develop practices by observing ‘the …


Normative Data For The Squat, Bench Press And Deadlift Exercises In Powerlifting: Data From 809,986 Competition Entries, Daniel J. Van Den Hoek, Patrick L. Beaumont, Adele K. Van Den Hoek, Patrick J. Owen, Joel M. Garrett, Robert Buhmann, Christopher Latella Oct 2024

Normative Data For The Squat, Bench Press And Deadlift Exercises In Powerlifting: Data From 809,986 Competition Entries, Daniel J. Van Den Hoek, Patrick L. Beaumont, Adele K. Van Den Hoek, Patrick J. Owen, Joel M. Garrett, Robert Buhmann, Christopher Latella

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: Strength assessment and comparison to normative values are an important benchmarking tool in human health and performance. However, population specific normative data are several decades old, lack information about adolescent and adult strength levels and are not representative of the strength levels of strength trained individuals. The purpose of this study was to develop contemporary strength norms for the squat, bench press, and deadlift using powerlifters competing in un-equipped, drug-tested competitions. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Methods: Retrospective data from global drug-tested, unequipped powerlifting competitions were collated with 809,986 samples (571,650 males, 238,336 females) included. Strength was assessed according to …


A Comparison Of Manual And Automatic Force-Onset Identification Methodologies And Their Effect On Force-Time Characteristics In The Isometric Midthigh Pull, Stuart N. Guppy, Claire J. Brady, Yosuke Kotani, Shannon Connolly, Paul Comfort, Jason P. Lake, G. Gregory Haff Sep 2024

A Comparison Of Manual And Automatic Force-Onset Identification Methodologies And Their Effect On Force-Time Characteristics In The Isometric Midthigh Pull, Stuart N. Guppy, Claire J. Brady, Yosuke Kotani, Shannon Connolly, Paul Comfort, Jason P. Lake, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the agreement of three different automated methods of identifying force-onset (40 N, 5 SDs, and 3 SDs) with manual identification, during the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Fourteen resistance-trained participants with > 6 months experience training with the power clean volunteered to take part. After three familiarisation sessions, the participants performed five maximal IMTPs separated by 1 min of rest. Fixed bias was found between 40 N and manual identification for time at force-onset. No proportional bias was present between manual identification and any automated threshold. Fixed bias between manual identification and automated was …


An Exploration Of Low Back Beliefs Of Male Pre-Professional And Professional Dancers, Isaac Campbell, Robyn Fary, Luke Hopper, Danica Hendry Sep 2024

An Exploration Of Low Back Beliefs Of Male Pre-Professional And Professional Dancers, Isaac Campbell, Robyn Fary, Luke Hopper, Danica Hendry

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Globally, male dancers are affected by low back pain (LBP) up to 2.5 times more than female dancers. While female dancers’ beliefs around LBP and dance-specific low back movements exist, no research has explored male dancers’ beliefs. This study aimed to (1) examine the low back beliefs of Australian male professional and pre-professional dancers, and (2) determine if beliefs toward common low back movements and lifting differed when current LBP or history of disabling LBP (DLBP) were considered. Methods: 40 male dancers (mean age [SD] 26.9 years [7.9]) from a range of dance backgrounds (all participating in ballet) were …


Blood, Sweat, And Tears: Implications For Hydration Testing In Combat Sports—Investigating Body Mass Loss And Biomarker Changes, Colin S. Doherty, Lauren V. Fortington, Oliver R. Barley Aug 2024

Blood, Sweat, And Tears: Implications For Hydration Testing In Combat Sports—Investigating Body Mass Loss And Biomarker Changes, Colin S. Doherty, Lauren V. Fortington, Oliver R. Barley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Combat sports athletes often undergo rapid body mass loss (BML), which presents health risks. Hydration testing has been proposed as a possible solution to reduce or eliminate rapid BML. However, combat sports athletes may exhibit distinct physiological characteristics due to repeated exposure to BML. Thus, traditional and emerging hydration biomarkers should be investigated to determine their potential suitability for field use in this cohort. This study examined whether BML can explain changes in serum and urine osmolality (SosmΔ, UosmΔ), tear osmolarity (TosmΔ), hematocrit (HctΔ), and urine-specific gravity (USGΔ) after mild–moderate passive dehydration. Biomarker reliability was also assessed across two trials. …


Suppressive Effects Of Exercise-Conditioned Serum On Cancer Cells: A Narrative Review Of The Influence Of Exercise Mode, Volume, And Intensity, Francesco Bettariga, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvão, Chris Bishop, Jin Soo Kim, Robert U. Newton Jul 2024

Suppressive Effects Of Exercise-Conditioned Serum On Cancer Cells: A Narrative Review Of The Influence Of Exercise Mode, Volume, And Intensity, Francesco Bettariga, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvão, Chris Bishop, Jin Soo Kim, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the incidence is increasing, highlighting the need for effective strategies to treat this disease. Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer, associated with a lower risk of recurrence and increased survival. Several avenues of research demonstrate reduction in growth, proliferation, and increased apoptosis of cancer cells, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer, when cultured by serum collected after exercise in vitro (i.e., the cultivation of cancer cell lines in an experimental setting, which simplifies the biological system and provides mechanistic insight into cell …


Identification Of Core Competencies For Exercise Oncology Professionals: A Delphi Study Of United States And Australian Participants, Mary A. Kennedy, Kelley Covington Wood, Anna Campbell, Melanie Potiaumpai, Christopher M. Wilson, Anna L. Schwartz, Jessica Gorzelitz, Maxime Caru, Kathryn H. Schmitz Jul 2024

Identification Of Core Competencies For Exercise Oncology Professionals: A Delphi Study Of United States And Australian Participants, Mary A. Kennedy, Kelley Covington Wood, Anna Campbell, Melanie Potiaumpai, Christopher M. Wilson, Anna L. Schwartz, Jessica Gorzelitz, Maxime Caru, Kathryn H. Schmitz

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Integration of exercise into standard oncology care requires a highly skilled workforce of exercise professionals; however, competency requirements have not kept pace with advancements in the field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain consensus on core competencies required for an exercise professional to be qualified to work with adults undergoing active cancer treatment. Materials and Methods: A three-round modified electronic Delphi process was used. In Round 1, an international group of 64 exercise oncology stakeholders (i.e., exercise oncology professionals (n = 29), clinical referrers (n = 21), and people with lived experience (n = 14)) responded …


Normalization Of Rapid Force To Peak Force In An Isometric Hamstring Assessment Using Force Plates, R. Barber, J. T. Fahey, P. Comfort, N. J. Ripley Jul 2024

Normalization Of Rapid Force To Peak Force In An Isometric Hamstring Assessment Using Force Plates, R. Barber, J. T. Fahey, P. Comfort, N. J. Ripley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: The aim of this investigation was to determine the reliability of normalizing rapid force (RF) production to peak force assessed during an isometric knee flexor assessment, and to present a novel method of classifying athletes' potential training needs within the 90–90 isometric hamstring assessment. Procedures: Twenty elite female soccer players (age: 20.7 ± 4.7 years; height: 168.2 ± 5.5 cm; body mass: 62.8 ± 7.0 kg), with no recent (>6 months) history of hamstring strain injury, volunteered to participate in the study. Following a standardized warm-up, each participant performed three maximal isometric hamstring contractions, with their heel resting …


Things To Keep In Mind When Selecting Physical Assessments In Youth Soccer: Correlations Between Test Performances, Interlimb Asymmetries, And Effects Of Maturation, Francisco Javier Robles-Palazón, John J. Mcmahon, Francisco Ayala, Paul Comfort Jun 2024

Things To Keep In Mind When Selecting Physical Assessments In Youth Soccer: Correlations Between Test Performances, Interlimb Asymmetries, And Effects Of Maturation, Francisco Javier Robles-Palazón, John J. Mcmahon, Francisco Ayala, Paul Comfort

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

A range of field-based tests have been proposed for inclusion in physical performance assessment batteries. However, there are obvious time and human resources constraints in applied settings. The knowledge of potential relationships between tests on performance, asymmetries, as well as maturation-induced changes, may help select the most informative and least time-consuming testing battery. The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine correlations in performance between different field-based tests, in interlimb asymmetry between those unilateral tests, and between asymmetry scores and test performances, and (2) to determine the influence of players’ maturity status on test performances and asymmetries. A total …


Tendinopathy Severity Assessment–Achilles (Tendins-A): Evaluation Of Reliability And Validity In Accordance With Cosmin Recommendations, Myles C. Murphy, Fergus Mccleary, Dana Hince, Ruth Chimenti, Paola Chivers, J. Turner Vosseller, Sophia Nimphius, Nonhlanhla S. Mkumbuzi, Peter Malliaras, Nicola Maffulli, Robert J. De Vos, Ebonie K. Rio May 2024

Tendinopathy Severity Assessment–Achilles (Tendins-A): Evaluation Of Reliability And Validity In Accordance With Cosmin Recommendations, Myles C. Murphy, Fergus Mccleary, Dana Hince, Ruth Chimenti, Paola Chivers, J. Turner Vosseller, Sophia Nimphius, Nonhlanhla S. Mkumbuzi, Peter Malliaras, Nicola Maffulli, Robert J. De Vos, Ebonie K. Rio

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective To evaluate the construct validity (structural validity and hypothesis testing), reliability (test–retest reliability, measurement error and internal consistency) and minimal important change (MIC) of the 13-item TENDINopathy Severity assessment–Achilles (TENDINS-A). Methods Participants with Achilles pain completed an online survey including: demographics, TENDINS-A, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) assessed dimensionality. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessed structural validity (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA); Comparative Fit Index (CFI); Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI); standardised root measure square (SRMS)). Correlations between TENDINS-A and the FAOS or VISA-A assessed hypothesis testing. Intraclass …


A Single Bout Of Vigorous Intensity Exercise Enhances The Efficacy Of Rituximab Against Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia B-Cells Ex Vivo, Harrison D. Collier-Bain, Annabelle Emery, Adam J. Causer, Frankie F. Brown, Rebecca Oliver, David Dutton, Josephine Crowe, Daniel Augustine, John Graby, Shoji Leach, Rachel Eddy, Daniela Rothschild-Rodriguez, Juliet C. Gray, Mark S. Cragg, Kirstie L. Cleary, Sally Moore, James Murray, James E. Turner, John P. Campbell May 2024

A Single Bout Of Vigorous Intensity Exercise Enhances The Efficacy Of Rituximab Against Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia B-Cells Ex Vivo, Harrison D. Collier-Bain, Annabelle Emery, Adam J. Causer, Frankie F. Brown, Rebecca Oliver, David Dutton, Josephine Crowe, Daniel Augustine, John Graby, Shoji Leach, Rachel Eddy, Daniela Rothschild-Rodriguez, Juliet C. Gray, Mark S. Cragg, Kirstie L. Cleary, Sally Moore, James Murray, James E. Turner, John P. Campbell

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by the clonal proliferation and accumulation of mature B-cells and is often treated with rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy. Rituximab often fails to induce stringent disease eradication, due in part to failure of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) which relies on natural killer (NK)-cells binding to rituximab-bound CD20 on B-cells. CLL cells are diffusely spread across lymphoid and other bodily tissues, and ADCC resistance in survival niches may be due to several factors including low NK-cell frequency and a suppressive stromal environment that promotes CLL cell survival. It is well established that exercise bouts …


Validity Of Apple Watch, Garmin Forerunner® 935 And Geneactiv For Estimating Energy Expenditure During Close Quarter Battle Training In Special Forces Soldiers, Angela Uphill, Kristina L. Kendall, Alison Fogarty, Stuart Guppy, Hannah Brown, Travis Zomer, Simon Parker, G. Gregory Haff May 2024

Validity Of Apple Watch, Garmin Forerunner® 935 And Geneactiv For Estimating Energy Expenditure During Close Quarter Battle Training In Special Forces Soldiers, Angela Uphill, Kristina L. Kendall, Alison Fogarty, Stuart Guppy, Hannah Brown, Travis Zomer, Simon Parker, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of three wrist-worn devices for estimating energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR) during close “Close Quarter Battle” (CQB). Fifty male soldiers (mean ± SD: age 30.9 ± 4.6 years, height: 1.81 ± 0.64 m and body mass 87.3 ± 7.7 kg) wore three activity monitors (Apple Watch 5, Garmin Forerunner® 935 and GENEActiv accelerometer), a Metamax 3B metabolic cart and a Polar chest strap, whilst conducting a CQB training activity (duration: 26.6 ± 5.0 min). EE and HR data from each test device were compared against criterion measures using …


The Role Of Pennation Angle And Architectural Gearing To Rate Of Force Development In Dynamic And Isometric Muscle Contractions, Bas Van Hooren, Per Aagaard, Andrea Monte, Anthony J. Blazevich May 2024

The Role Of Pennation Angle And Architectural Gearing To Rate Of Force Development In Dynamic And Isometric Muscle Contractions, Bas Van Hooren, Per Aagaard, Andrea Monte, Anthony J. Blazevich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Associations between muscle architecture and rate of force development (RFD) have been largely studied during fixed-end (isometric) contractions. Fixed-end contractions may, however, limit muscle shape changes and thus alter the relationship between muscle architecture an RFD. Aim: We compared the correlation between muscle architecture and architectural gearing and knee extensor RFD when assessed during dynamic versus fixed-end contractions. Methods: Twenty-two recreationally active male runners performed dynamic knee extensions at constant acceleration (2000°s−2) and isometric contractions at a fixed knee joint angle (fixed-end contractions). Torque, RFD, vastus lateralis muscle thickness, and fascicle dynamics were compared during 0–75 and 75–150 ms …


Scs 6th Annual Meeting—Eevfa—11th International Congress Of Biochemistry And Physiology Of Exercise, Athens, Greece, 2023, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Elena Marín-Cascales, Anthony J. Blazevich, Tomás T. Freitas, Olyvia Donti, Konstantinos Spyrou, Gregory C. Bogdanis May 2024

Scs 6th Annual Meeting—Eevfa—11th International Congress Of Biochemistry And Physiology Of Exercise, Athens, Greece, 2023, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Elena Marín-Cascales, Anthony J. Blazevich, Tomás T. Freitas, Olyvia Donti, Konstantinos Spyrou, Gregory C. Bogdanis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

On behalf of the Strength and Conditioning Society (SCS) and the Hellenic Society of Biochemistry and Exercise Physiology (EEVFA), we are pleased to present the abstracts of the SCS 6th Annual Meeting and EEVFA—11th International Congress of Biochemistry and Physiology of Exercise. The event was held at the Hellenic Olympic Committee headquarters in Athens, Greece, on 19–22 October 2023, and comprised several invited sessions from international and national speakers on a variety of topics related to biochemistry and exercise physiology, strength and conditioning practices and their application to health, injury prevention and sports performance. These included strength training in high-performance …


What Impact Have The Ioc Medical Consensus Statements Made On Athlete Health? A Survey Of Medical Commissions From National Olympic/ Paralympic Committees And International Sports Federations, Lauren V. Fortington, Marelise Badenhorst, Wayne Derman, Carolyn Emery, Kati Pasanen, Martin Schwellnus, Evert Verhagen, Caroline F. Finch Apr 2024

What Impact Have The Ioc Medical Consensus Statements Made On Athlete Health? A Survey Of Medical Commissions From National Olympic/ Paralympic Committees And International Sports Federations, Lauren V. Fortington, Marelise Badenhorst, Wayne Derman, Carolyn Emery, Kati Pasanen, Martin Schwellnus, Evert Verhagen, Caroline F. Finch

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical and Scientific Commission has supported collating and sharing evidence globally by developing sports medicine consensus statements (‘Statements’'). Publishing the Statements requires substantial resources that must be balanced by use and impact on policy and practice. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of awareness and uptake of the Statements globally through a survey of the National Olympic Committees (NOC), National Paralympic Committees (NPC) and International Federations (IF). Method A cross-sectional survey of medical commission representatives from NOCs/NPCs/IFs. A structured questionnaire was distributed through the IOC head office, informed by prior research. Questions …


Effects Of Far-Infrared Radiation Lamp Therapy On Recovery From A Simulated Soccer-Match In Elite Female Soccer Players, Wei-Chin Tseng, Kazunori Nosaka, Tai-Ying Chou, Glyn Howatson, Trevor C. Chen Apr 2024

Effects Of Far-Infrared Radiation Lamp Therapy On Recovery From A Simulated Soccer-Match In Elite Female Soccer Players, Wei-Chin Tseng, Kazunori Nosaka, Tai-Ying Chou, Glyn Howatson, Trevor C. Chen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

We investigated the effects of far-infrared radiation (FIR) lamp therapy on changes in muscle damage and performance parameters following six sets of 15-min Loughborough intermittent shuttle test (LIST), a simulated soccer match. Twenty-four elite female soccer players (20–24 y) were assigned into FIR or sham treatment group (n = 12/group). The participants received a 60-min FIR or sham treatment (30 min per muscle) over knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) at 2, 25, 49, 73, and 97 h post-LIST. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque and muscle soreness of the KE and KF, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity as muscle …


The Use Of Free Weight Squats In Sports: A Narrative Review—Terminology And Biomechanics, Michael H. Stone, W. Guy Hornsby, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Kimitake Sato, Daniel Gahreman, Marco Duca, Kevin M. Carroll, Michael W. Ramsey, Margaret E. Stone, Kyle C. Pierce, G. Gregory Haff Mar 2024

The Use Of Free Weight Squats In Sports: A Narrative Review—Terminology And Biomechanics, Michael H. Stone, W. Guy Hornsby, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Kimitake Sato, Daniel Gahreman, Marco Duca, Kevin M. Carroll, Michael W. Ramsey, Margaret E. Stone, Kyle C. Pierce, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

There is substantial evidence indicating that increased maximum strength as a result of training with squats, particularly full and parallel squats, is associated with superior athletic capabilities, such as sprinting, jumping and agility. Although full and parallel squats have been strongly associated with sport performance, there is also some evidence that the use of partial squats may provide angle specific adaptations that are likely advantageous for specific sporting activities. Partial squats may be particularly advantageous when trained in conjunction with full or parallel squats, as this practice results in a greater training effect. There is a paucity of evidence that …


Physical Activity And Amyloid Beta In Middle-Aged And Older Adults: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, María Rodriguez-Ayllon, Patricio Solis-Urra, Cristina Arroyo-Ávila, Miriam Álvarez-Ortega, Pablo Molina-García, Cristina Molina-Hidalgo, Manuel Gómez-Río, Belinda Brown, Kirk I. Erickson, Irene Esteban-Cornejo Mar 2024

Physical Activity And Amyloid Beta In Middle-Aged And Older Adults: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, María Rodriguez-Ayllon, Patricio Solis-Urra, Cristina Arroyo-Ávila, Miriam Álvarez-Ortega, Pablo Molina-García, Cristina Molina-Hidalgo, Manuel Gómez-Río, Belinda Brown, Kirk I. Erickson, Irene Esteban-Cornejo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta (A ). Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk, and one potential path could be through A levels modulation. We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and A in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28, 2022. Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and A data in adults aged 45 years or older. Multi-level …


The Role Of Diet And Gut Microbiota In Alzheimer’S Disease, D. M.Sithara Dissanayaka, Vijay Jayasena, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Ralph N. Martins, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando Feb 2024

The Role Of Diet And Gut Microbiota In Alzheimer’S Disease, D. M.Sithara Dissanayaka, Vijay Jayasena, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Ralph N. Martins, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (A ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Currently, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) impacts 50 million individuals, with projections anticipating an increase to 152 million by the year 2050. Despite the increasing global prevalence of AD, its underlying pathology remains poorly understood, posing challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. Recent research suggests a link between gut dysbiosis and the aggregation of A , the development of tau proteins, and the occurrence of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are associated with AD. However, investigations into the gut–brain axis …


Dropout From Exercise Trials Among Cancer Survivors—An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis From The Polaris Study, Benedikte Western, Andreas Ivarsson, Ingvild Vistad, Ingrid Demmelmaier, Neil K. Aaronson, Gillian Radcliffe, Marc Van Beurden, Martin Bohus, Kerry S. Courneya, Amanda J. Daley, Daniel A. Galvão, Rachel Garrod, Martine M. Goedendorp, Kathleen A. Griffith, Wim H. Van Harten, Sandi C. Hayes, Fernando Herrero-Roman, Anouk E. Hiensch, Melinda L. Irwin, Erica James, Marlou-Floor Kenkhuis, Marie J. Kersten, Hans Knoop, Alejandro Lucia, Anne M. May, Alex Mcconnachie, Willem Van Mechelen, Nanette Mutrie, Robert U. Newton, Frans Nollet, Hester S. Oldenburg, Ron Plotnikoff, Martina E. Schmidt, Katie H. Schmitz, Karl-Heinz Schulz, Camille E. Short, Gabe S. Sonke, Karen Steindorf, Martijn M. Stuiver, Dennis R. Taaffe, Lene Thorsen, Miranda J. Velthuis, Jennifer Wenzel, Kerri M. Winters-Stone, Joachim Wiskemann, Sveinung Berntsen, Laurien M. Buffart Feb 2024

Dropout From Exercise Trials Among Cancer Survivors—An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis From The Polaris Study, Benedikte Western, Andreas Ivarsson, Ingvild Vistad, Ingrid Demmelmaier, Neil K. Aaronson, Gillian Radcliffe, Marc Van Beurden, Martin Bohus, Kerry S. Courneya, Amanda J. Daley, Daniel A. Galvão, Rachel Garrod, Martine M. Goedendorp, Kathleen A. Griffith, Wim H. Van Harten, Sandi C. Hayes, Fernando Herrero-Roman, Anouk E. Hiensch, Melinda L. Irwin, Erica James, Marlou-Floor Kenkhuis, Marie J. Kersten, Hans Knoop, Alejandro Lucia, Anne M. May, Alex Mcconnachie, Willem Van Mechelen, Nanette Mutrie, Robert U. Newton, Frans Nollet, Hester S. Oldenburg, Ron Plotnikoff, Martina E. Schmidt, Katie H. Schmitz, Karl-Heinz Schulz, Camille E. Short, Gabe S. Sonke, Karen Steindorf, Martijn M. Stuiver, Dennis R. Taaffe, Lene Thorsen, Miranda J. Velthuis, Jennifer Wenzel, Kerri M. Winters-Stone, Joachim Wiskemann, Sveinung Berntsen, Laurien M. Buffart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: The number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of exercise among cancer survivors has increased in recent years; however, participants dropping out of the trials are rarely described. The objective of the present study was to assess which combinations of participant and exercise program characteristics were associated with dropout from the exercise arms of RCTs among cancer survivors. Methods: This study used data collected in the Predicting OptimaL cAncer RehabIlitation and Supportive care (POLARIS) study, an international database of RCTs investigating the effects of exercise among cancer survivors. Thirty-four exercise trials, with a total of 2467 patients …


Relative Strength Explains The Differences In Multi-Joint Rapid Force Production Between Sexes, Paul Comfort, John J. Mcmahon, Jason P. Lake, Nicholas J. Ripley, N. Travis Triplett, G. Gregory Haff Feb 2024

Relative Strength Explains The Differences In Multi-Joint Rapid Force Production Between Sexes, Paul Comfort, John J. Mcmahon, Jason P. Lake, Nicholas J. Ripley, N. Travis Triplett, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The primary aim of this study was to determine whether relative strength explains the differences in the rapid force production (force developed during first 150-, 200-, and 250 ms) of females and males, and to evaluate the relationships between peak force and rapid force production. Sixty-three team sport athletes (females: n = 25, age = 21.5 ± 1.3 years, stature = 166 ± 5 cm, body mass = 60.65 ± 10.04 kg; males: n = 38, age = 21.9 ± 1.1 years, stature = 178 ± 7 cm, body mass = 76.55 ± 12.88 kg) performed a series of isometric …


Best Practice Recommendations For Coaching Gymnasts To Avoid Burnout And Reframe Performance Anxiety, Clare A. Mccall Jan 2024

Best Practice Recommendations For Coaching Gymnasts To Avoid Burnout And Reframe Performance Anxiety, Clare A. Mccall

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Gymnastics is deemed a psychologically demanding sport, with associated risk factors of burnout and performance anxiety. To date, relatively little research has explored the specific goal and perfectionistic processes of gymnasts, despite these risks. This body of work identified the specific goal-related constructs and perfectionistic orientation of young athletes and examined how these associated with burnout and performance anxiety. It comprised of two studies with a mixed methods design. The first study aimed to systematically review literature investigating how goal-related constructs and perfectionism associate with burnout and performance anxiety in young athletes. This review focused on summer and winter Olympic …


Novel Methods For Assessing Pulmonary And Cardio-Vascular Limitations To Aerobic Performance In Older And Younger Populations, Toni Haddad Jan 2024

Novel Methods For Assessing Pulmonary And Cardio-Vascular Limitations To Aerobic Performance In Older And Younger Populations, Toni Haddad

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Around the world, life expectancy is increasing, the ageing population is growing, and maintaining quality of life at an older age currently represents a major global challenge. While ‘successful ageing’ relies on a variety of factors, aerobic performance and exercise capacity are key determinants and attenuating their decline is of the utmost importance. The decrease in maximal oxygen consumption is often considered as a major determinant explaining the age[1]related decline in aerobic performance. Yet, multiple physiological systems are impaired with ageing and their contribution to aerobic limitation in older individuals is unclear. Understanding how the limitations to aerobic performance may …


Reduction And Recovery Of Self-Sustained Muscle Activity After Fatiguing Plantar Flexor Contractions, Anthony J. Blazevich, Ricardo N. O. Mesquita, Ronei S. Pinto, Timothy Pulverenti, Sébastien Ratel Jan 2024

Reduction And Recovery Of Self-Sustained Muscle Activity After Fatiguing Plantar Flexor Contractions, Anthony J. Blazevich, Ricardo N. O. Mesquita, Ronei S. Pinto, Timothy Pulverenti, Sébastien Ratel

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Persistent inward calcium and sodium currents (PICs) are crucial for initiation and maintenance of motoneuron firing, and thus muscular force. However, there is a lack of data describing the effects of fatiguing exercise on PIC activity in humans. We simultaneously applied tendon vibration and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (VibStim) before and after fatiguing exercise. VibStim induces self-sustained muscle activity that is proposed to result from PIC activation. Methods: Twelve men performed 5-s maximal isometric plantar flexor contractions (MVC) with 5-s rests until joint torque was reduced to 70%MVC. VibStim trials consisted of five 2-s trains of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (20 …


Resistance Exercise Minimal Dose Strategies For Increasing Muscle Strength In The General Population: An Overview, James L. Nuzzo, Matheus Daros Pinto, Benjamin J. C. Kirk, Kazunori Nosaka Jan 2024

Resistance Exercise Minimal Dose Strategies For Increasing Muscle Strength In The General Population: An Overview, James L. Nuzzo, Matheus Daros Pinto, Benjamin J. C. Kirk, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Many individuals do not participate in resistance exercise, with perceived lack of time being a key barrier. Minimal dose strategies, which generally reduce weekly exercise volumes to less than recommended guidelines, might improve muscle strength with minimal time investment. However, minimal dose strategies and their effects on muscle strength are still unclear. Here our aims are to define and characterize minimal dose resistance exercise strategies and summarize their effects on muscle strength in individuals who are not currently engaged in resistance exercise. The minimal dose strategies overviewed were: “Weekend Warrior,” single-set resistance exercise, resistance exercise “snacking,” practicing the strength test, …


Injury In Starting And Replacement Players From Five Professional Men’S Rugby Unions, Simon P. Roberts, Keith A. Stokes, Sean Williams, Stephen W. West, Simon Kemp, Matt Cross, Isabel S. Moore, Charlotte L. Bitchell, Prabhat Mathema, Ken Quarrie, Warren Mcdonald, Lauren Fortington, Eduardo R. Rubio Del Castillo, Clint Readhead, Nicola Sewry, Éanna Falvey, Ross Tucker Jan 2024

Injury In Starting And Replacement Players From Five Professional Men’S Rugby Unions, Simon P. Roberts, Keith A. Stokes, Sean Williams, Stephen W. West, Simon Kemp, Matt Cross, Isabel S. Moore, Charlotte L. Bitchell, Prabhat Mathema, Ken Quarrie, Warren Mcdonald, Lauren Fortington, Eduardo R. Rubio Del Castillo, Clint Readhead, Nicola Sewry, Éanna Falvey, Ross Tucker

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence, severity, and burden of injury in starting and replacement players from professional men’s teams of five rugby unions. Methods: Match injuries of greater than 24 h time-loss (including data on the severity, match quarter, event, body region) and player minutes of match exposure data were collated for all starting and replacement players in the men’s English Premiership, Welsh Pro14 (both 2016/17–2018/19 seasons), and Australian, New Zealand, and South African Super Rugby (all 2016–2018 seasons) teams. Injury incidences and mean injury burden (incidence × days missed) were calculated, and rate …


Examining The Effects Of Dynamic And Isometric Resistance Training On Knee Joint Kinetics During Unplanned Sidesteps In Elite Female Athletes, Daniel Kadlec, Matthew J. Jordan, Jacqueline Alderson, Sophia Nimphius Jan 2024

Examining The Effects Of Dynamic And Isometric Resistance Training On Knee Joint Kinetics During Unplanned Sidesteps In Elite Female Athletes, Daniel Kadlec, Matthew J. Jordan, Jacqueline Alderson, Sophia Nimphius

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Kadlec, D, Jordan, MJ, Alderson, J, and Nimphius, S. Examining the effects of dynamic and isometric resistance training on knee joint kinetics during unplanned sidesteps in elite female athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024 - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 4-week block of isometric (isometricRT) and dynamic resistance training (dynamicRT) on kinetic variables associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk during unplanned sidesteps in elite female athletes. Twenty-one elite female athletes competing for a women's international rugby union team were recruited with 15 (n = 15; age: 23.4 ± 4.7 …


The Anatomy Of Body Shaming In Sports Coaching, Valeria Varea, Robert S. Primus, Natalie Barker-Ruchti, Mikael Quennerstedt Jan 2024

The Anatomy Of Body Shaming In Sports Coaching, Valeria Varea, Robert S. Primus, Natalie Barker-Ruchti, Mikael Quennerstedt

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Stories of body shaming in sports coaching are becoming widespread, and can intentionally, unintentionally, or inadvertently be used in different sports coaching practices. These practices do not necessarily intend to harm athletes. The aim of this paper is to explore body critical and body sensitive sport coaching practices that have the potential to be shaming, or as we call it in the title, the ‘anatomy’ of body shaming. The study used photo elicitation interviews including vignettes for data generation with 12 coaches from nine different sports. The results demonstrate that body criticality and body sensitivity function in different subtle ways …