Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Smoking During Pregnancy Affects Speech-Processing Ability In Newborn Infants, Alexandra P.F. Key, Melissa Ferguson, Dennis L. Molfese, Kelley Peach, Victoria J. Molfese

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is known to adversely affect development of the central nervous system in babies of smoking mothers by restricting utero–placental blood flow and the amount of oxygen available to the fetus. Behavioral data associate maternal smoking with lower verbal scores and poorer performance on specific language/auditory tests.

OBJECTIVES: In the current study we examined the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on newborns’ speech processing ability as measured by event-related potentials (ERPs).

METHOD: High-density ERPs were recorded within 48 hr of birth in healthy newborn infants of smoking (n = 8) and nonsmoking …

The Effect Of Instruction Of Jump-Landing Motion Patterns And Impact Forces, Mary Elizabeth Joos

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The use of visual instruction could be a valuable tool in prevention strategies for anterior cruciate ligament injuries, especially in large group settings, through the alterations of jump-landing motion patterns and impact forces. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two visual modeling cues in altering jump-landing motion patterns, as measured by the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), and impact forces, vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) and peak posterior ground reaction force (PPGRF). Seventy-three physically active individuals (age= 20.89 ± 1.72 years; height = 172 ± 9.87 cm; mass= 68.43 ± 15.97 kg) were baseline tested …

Preventing And Treating Type 2 Diabetes Through A Physically Active Lifestyle, Raymond W. Leung, Jim Kamla, Man-Cheong Lee, Jennifer Y. Mak

Management Faculty Research

By the late 1960s, the increasing number of type 2 diabetic cases in children and adolescents rapidly presented a signifi cant public health issue recognized by the American Diabetes Association (2000). Since then, the prevalence of pediatric type 2 diabetes appears to be on the rise not only in the United States but all around the world (Gungor et al., 2005). In the United States, an increase from fewer than four percent to more than 50 percent of new cases of type 2 diabetes in the pediatric population was reported between the years of 1982 and 1998 (American Diabetes Association, …

An Assessment Of High School Coaches Knowledge Of Sport-Related Concussion, Erin M. O'Donoghue

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Sport-related concussion is a common occurrence in high-risk sports and can occur during participation in all sports. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge base high school athletic coaches possess about concussion signs and symptoms in regards to recognition, management, and prevention of this condition. A 25 question demographic questionnaire was used to gather background information and a 24 question multiple-choice assessment was used to determine knowledge of recognition, management, and prevention of sport-related concussion. A panel of eight experts in the fields of sport-related concussion and/or survey research reviewed and modified the survey instrument, which were …

Exercise Adherence: Motivational Factors Influencing Exercise Adherence And Fitness Level, Justin Recklau

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

There are many factors that influence adherence to an exercise program. This research study aimed to determine which factors most effectively ensured adherence, with the hypothesis that no single factor was indicative of exercise adherence as adherence is a dynamic item. The results target exercise professionals to assist them in retaining clientele and encouraging clientele to adhere to exercise programs. A survey was implemented that had clients self-report their stage in the transtheoretical model as well as how strongly they felt about five positive factors to exercise as well as five barriers to exercise. In addition to surveys, body composition, …

A Two-Hour Basketball Practice Increases Landing Error Scoring System Scores In Female Collegiate Basketball Players, Caroline Wesley

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

The high rate of knee injuries in women’s athletics has been well documented in recent years. There are multiple factors which contribute to the increased risk of injury in female athletes, including biomechanics when landing. Fatigue has also been examined as a contributing factor to injury, but few studies have utilized actual sport participation as a fatiguing protocol. No study has used the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) to examine the changes that may result from fatigue. The objective of our study was to use the LESS to examine the effects of a two-hour basketball practice on the landing biomechanics …

Derivation Of An Age And Weight Handicap For The 5k Run, Paul M. Vanderburgh, Lloyd L. Laubach

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

The adverse effect of increasing age and/or body weight on distance run performance has been well documented. Accordingly, nearly all five kilometer (5K) road races employ age categories and, sometimes, a heavier body weight classification. Problems with such conventions include small numbers of runners within older age categories and the advantage given to the lightest runners within each weight category. We developed a 5K Handicap (5KH), a model that calculates an adjusted run time based on the inputs of actual 5K run time, age, and body weight for men and women. This adjusted time, then, can be compared between runners …

Foot Characteristics In Association With Inversion Ankle Injury, Katherine E. Morrison, Thomas W. Kaminski

Sports Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Strength Performance Assessment In A Simulated Men’S Gymnastics Still Rings Cross, Jennifer K. Dunlavy, William A. Sands, Jeni R. Mcneal, Michael H. Stone, Sarah L. Smith, Monem Jemni, G. Gregory Haff

ETSU Faculty Works

Athletes in sports such as the gymnastics who perform the still rings cross position are disadvantaged due to a lack of objective and convenient measurement methods. The gymnastics “cross ”is a held isometric strength position considered fundamental to all still rings athletes. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if two small force platforms (FPs) placed on supports to simulate a cross position could demonstrate the fidelity necessary to differentiate between athletes who could perform a cross from those who could not. Ten gymnasts (5 USA Gymnastics, Senior National Team, and 5 Age Group Level Gymnasts) agreed to participate. …

A Mandala: A Diagram Of The Clinical Education Experience In Athletic Training, Steve Cernohous, Sharon A. West-Sell

College of the Pacific Faculty Articles

Objective: The objective of this paper is to present the practical use of a Mandala that: 1) provides opportunities for athletic training students to explore, reflect on and appreciate their clinical experiences; 2) provides educators with a model to understand and value athletic training student experiences; 3) organizes and captures factors and associated relationships that influence the athletic training student's clinical experience; and 4) provides impetus for further research and discussion between and among athletic training educators.

Background: Athletic training educators often find it difficult to demonstrate and assess the behavioral component of learning. Creative teaching strategies and exercises that …

High Dietary Fat Intake Is Not Associated With High Levels Of Circulating Lipoproteins Or Total Cholesterol, C. Jayne Brahler, C. Wilson, Janine Baer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine the association between dietary intake of fats, waist to hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and blood lipoproteins and total cholesterol (TC) using food frequency data in one group of apparently healthy, urban African American women and their daughters (n = 110). Subjects were fasted when blood was drawn, waist and hip circumferences and body weight and height were measured, and WHR and BMI were calculated.

Average daily total fat intakes were 91.46 g and 77.83 g for mothers and daughters, respectively, but average LDL levels of 104.4 g/L and 103.1 …

Handling Immediate Medical Care At Aquatic Facilities: Do We Need Different Levels Of Lifeguard Certification?, Leland Yarger

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The first-responder and professional-rescuer training materials and training programs consider lifeguards to be first responders in emergencies (Aehlert, 2005; American Red Cross, 2001). This article asks readers to consider whether our agency lifeguard-training programs reflect a philosophy that truly view and prepare lifeguards as first responders. If not, I challenge readers to consider whether we should alter our hiring, staffing, and in-service training procedures at aquatic facilities based on the scope and need for providing adequate emergency care at those facilities.

Escape And Rescue From Submerged Vehicles, Gerald M. Dworkin

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

No abstract provided.

Intravenous Saline Administration Improves Physical Functioning., Travis L. Stiles, Staci R. Stevens, Christopher R. Snell, Lucinda Bateman, J. Mark Van Ness

College of the Pacific Faculty Presentations

ABSTRACT Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) have diminished physical capacity that has been linked to low blood volume (hypovolemia) and abnormal sympathoadrenal activation. Intravenous saline administration could ameliorate these problems, thereby improving the work capacity in CFS. Purpose: This study investigates the effect of 1 L/day of 0.9% saline administration in a 37 yr old female with CFS. Methods: Primary outcome measures were based on cardiopulmonary responses during maximal exercise testing. A preliminary exercise test was performed prior to beginning saline administration. Follow-up exercise tests were conducted at 15, 55, 92, 125, 180, 248, 317, 420 and 675 days …

Energy In-Energy Out: A Balanced Equation?, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article reports that many athletes are not ingesting an adequate number of calories from their diets. Fat and lean body mass become the sources for fuel for energy and this leads to lack of tissue growth. Exercise physiologists have calculated energy intake and energy expenditure metrics with recommendations.

Why Look At A Food Label?, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article presents information on reading food labels to assist athletes in making better food choices. It discusses the six components required to appear on labels by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including product identity, net contents or number of servings per container, and the ingredient list. The key recommendations of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans are presented. Daily values as an expression of a food's nutrient content are discussed.

Nutritional Concerns For Ethnically Diverse Athletes, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article discusses the variety of international nutritional guidelines, comparing the food guide pyramid of the United States to similar constructs such as the Chinese food guide pagoda. Athletic therapists are advised to consider culinary differences between cultures when advising ethnically diverse athletes on nutritional issues.

Red Bull: The Other Energy Drink And Its Effect On Performance, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article reports on Red Bull energy drink and its effectiveness. It is created with synthetic ingredients which are stated to be the best quality available from pharmaceutical companies. Caffeine is one of the key ingredients which is normally not found in sports energy drinks. The limited research concludes that taurine and glucuronolactone in Red Bull have not been proven to improve body functions.

Wheelchair Athletes’ Challenges With The 2007 Boston Maratho, Joseph H. Huber, J. L. Mackool

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

The article discusses the performance of wheelchair athletes at the 2007 Boston Marathon. A discussion of concerns about the safety of the participating wheelchair athletes in the marathon which were raised by bad weather at the event is presented. The results of the men's wheelchair division, which was won by Masazumi Soejima of Japan, the women's wheelchair division, which was won by Wakako Tsuchido of Japan, all time men's top ten finish times which were led by Ernst Van Dyk of South Africa, and the all time women's top ten finishers which were led by Jean Driscoll of Illinois are …

The Effects Of Glycerol Ingestion On Fluid Balance And Cardiovascular Hemodynamics In Males During Hypobaric Hypoxia, Julia Orri, Robert A. Robergs, Donna W. Lockner, David S. James, Ann L. Gibson, Erik Faria, Derek W. Marks, Heidi Weingart, Lance Dalleck

Kinesiology (Formerly Exercise and Sport Science)

Acute altitude exposure causes a loss of total body water and plasma volume. Glycerol ingestion has been shown to be rapidly absorbed by the intestine, leading to increases in serum osmolality, plasma osmolality, and total body water. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of glycerol ingestion on fluid balance and cardiovascular hemodynamics at rest and during exercise during hypobaric hypoxia. Twelve men (33 ± 8 yr, 177 ± 3 cm, 75 ± 11 kg, 52 ± 10 ml O2 · kg-1 · min-1) each completed 4, 3.5 hr trials in a randomized design: (A) 6% carbohydrate/electrolyte …

A Case Study Of Muscular Strength, Endurance, And Power Responses To A 6-Week High Intensity Training Program, John Amtmann, Edd, Kelly Amtmann, Msn, Rn, Jake Kukay, William K. Spath

Applied Health Sciences

We evaluated the muscular strength, endurance, and power responses of 12 college students, ranging in age from 19-40 years, who participated in a 6-wk high-intensity training program commonly used to improve muscular endurance. Muscular strength was measured by a one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press test and a 1RM Hammer bench press test; muscular endurance was measured by administering a 70-percent 1RM test to failure on the Hammer bench press; and upper body power was measured by adminstering a medicine ball throw test. We observed a 4.8-percent improvement of 2.7 kg on the bench press, a 14.6-percent improvement of 10.5 …

Risk Management Practices Of Collegiate Athletic Trainers: An Examination Of Policies And Procedures, Ericka Point Zimmerman

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe (a) risk management practices of collegiate athletic trainers, (b) perceived risk management practices important to the collegiate athletic trainer, (c) risk management responsibilities of the head athletic trainer, and (d) resources utilized by collegiate athletic trainers in the development of a risk management plan. Risk management practices were divided into 13 categories: (a) periodic review, (b) consultation, (c) periodic in-services of policies, (d) periodic inservices for personnel, (e) methods for insuring against loss, (f) participation and consent of athletes, (g) emergencies, (h) care and treatment of injuries and conditions, (i) …

Enhanced Balance Associated With Coordination Training With Stochastic Resonance Stimulation In Subjects With Functional Ankle Instability: An Experimental Trial, Scott E. Ross, Brent L. Arnold, J. Troy Blackburn, Cathleen N. Brown, Kevin M. Guskiewicz

Kinesiology and Health Sciences Publications

Background

Ankle sprains are common injuries that often lead to functional ankle instability (FAI), which is a pathology defined by sensations of instability at the ankle and recurrent ankle sprain injury. Poor postural stability has been associated with FAI, and sports medicine clinicians rehabilitate balance deficits to prevent ankle sprains. Subsensory electrical noise known as stochastic resonance (SR) stimulation has been used in conjunction with coordination training to improve dynamic postural instabilities associated with FAI. However, unlike static postural deficits, dynamic impairments have not been indicative of ankle sprain injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the …

Back In The Saddle Again: How To Prevent Cycling Saddle Sores, Michael G. Miller, David C. Berry

Human Performance and Health Education Faculty Research

Any individuals cycle, competitively or recreationally, for enjoyment or to increase fitness. Although cycling can increase overall cardiovascular fitness while imposing minimal stress on the lower extremity joints, cycling for an extended period of time may render an individual susceptible to undesirable conditions, including tendonitis, bursitis, nerve pathology, impotence, and more commonly, saddle (seat) soreness. Saddle sores usually present as skin lesions of the inner groin and inguinal fold, which are commonly classified into three categories on the basis of severity: (a) chafing, (b) skin ulcerations, and (c) furuncles and folliculitis. The purpose of this report is to discuss different …

Ponderal Somatograms Assess Changes In Anthropometric Measurements Over An Academic Year In Division Iii Collegiate Football Players, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Daniel G. Drury, David F. Petrie, Frank I. Katch

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Ponderal somatograms evaluate body size and shape by converting muscular (shoulders, chest, biceps, forearm, thigh, calf) and nonmuscular (abdomen, hips, knee, ankle, wrist) girths into ponderal equivalent (PE) values. Anthropometric measurements, including stature, body mass, girths, and percent body fat by densitometry were collected in 54 Division III football players in preseason camp (fall) and at the beginning (winter) and end (spring) of the team strength and conditioning program. PE values were calculated for each girth as PE, kg = (girth, cm / k) squared x stature, dm, where k = k constant from Behnke's reference man. PE values were …

Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation And Indicators Of Muscle Damage After Endurance Exercise, Beau K. Greer, John L. Woodard, Jim P. White, Eric M. Arguello, Emily M. Haymes

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine whether branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation attenuates indirect indicators of muscle damage during endurance exercise as compared with an isocaloric, carbohydrate (CHO) beverage or a noncaloric placebo (PLAC) beverage. Nine untrained men performed three 90-min cycling bouts at 55% VO_2peak. Subjects, blinded to beverage selection, ingested a total of 200 kcal of energy via the CHO or BCAA beverage before and at 60 min of exercise, or they drank the PLAC beverage. Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isokinetic leg-extension and -flexion torque, and muscle soreness were assessed before and …

Fear Of Failure, Experience, And Division As Predictors Of State Anxiety In Usfa Epee Fencers, Elizabeth Helen Athanas

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Research looks for the sources of state anxiety for individual athletes prior to competition, which can be debilitating (Gould, 1993; Gould, Horn & Spreeman, 1983). Non-elite athletes who are high trait anxious (possibly fear of failure) have higher state anxiety than elite athletes (Conroy, 2002; Gould, Horn & Spreeman, 1983). Fencers may be prone to elevated state anxiety. No research links these variables together in fencing. The purpose of the study is to examine fear of failure, experience, and division as predictors of state anxiety for epee fencers prior to competition. Epee fencers (N = 145) who competed in the …

The Effect Of Concurrent Resistance And Endurance Training On Physiological And Performance Parameters Of Well Trained Endurance Cyclists, Gregory T. Levin

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Purpose: To investigate the effect of concurrent resistance and cycle training on the physiological and performance characteristics of well trained cyclists. Secondly, this study aimed to investigate the reliability of a new cycling time-trial test that incorporated repeated high-intensity sprint segments, both prior to and after a training intervention, with well trained cyclists.

The Influence Of Physical Activity, Eating Habits, And Social Physique Anxiety On Obesity In Adolescent Females, Rachel Marie Hardesty

Masters Theses

Childhood obesity is becoming a more serious problem as time goes by. A large part of the problem is adolescent children are less active, have poor eating habits, and have negative feelings regarding their body shape. PURPOSE: In order to identify those factors most closely associated with obesity. This study compared the eating patterns, activity patterns, and social physique anxiety in non-obese to over weight and obese adolescent females. Also, this study investigated the relationships between eating patterns, activity patterns, and social physique anxiety to body mass index in adolescent females in order to identify those factors most closely associated …

Correction Factors For Body Mass In Military Physical Fitness Tests, Paul M. Vanderburgh

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Recent research findings combined with the theoretical laws of biological similarity make the compelling case that all physical fitness test items for the Army, Air Force, and Navy impose a 15-20% physiologic bias against heavier, not fatter, men and women. Using the published findings that actual scores of muscle and aerobic endurance scale by body mass raised to the 1/3 power, correction factor tables were developed. This correction factor can be multiplied by one’s actual score (e.g., push-ups, sit-ups, abdominal crunches, or curl-ups repetitions or distance run time) to yield adjusted scores that are free of body mass bias. These …