Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Examining The Role Of Menthol Cigarettes In Progression To Established T Smoking Among Youth, James Nonnemaker, Shari P. Feirman, Anna Macmonegle, Bridget K. Ambrose, Kia J. Jackson, Megan J. Schroeder, Alexandria A. Smith, William Ridgeway, Olga Rass

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Background: Menthol, a flavoring compound added to cigarettes, makes cigarettes more appealing to youth and inexperienced smokers and increases cigarettes' abuse liability. However, limited studies are available on menthol's role in smoking progression.

Methods: To assess the association between menthol in cigarettes and progression to established smoking, we used five waves of data from the Evaluation of Public Education Campaign on Teen Tobacco Cohort Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of U.S. youth conducted as part of “The Real Cost” evaluation. We used discrete time survival analysis to model the occurrence of two event outcomes—progression to established, current smoking and …

Modeling Of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters And Clearance Of Synaptic Cleft On Millisecond Time Scale, Denis M. Shchepakin, Leonid Kalachev, Michael Kavanaugh

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs) operate over wide time scales in the brain. They maintain low ambient concentrations of the primary excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate, but they also seem to play a significant role in clearing glutamate from the synaptic cleft in the millisecond time-scale process of chemical communication that occurs between neurons. The detailed kinetic mechanisms underlying glutamate uptake and clearance remain incompletely understood. In this work we used a combination of methods to model EAAT kinetics and gain insight into the impact of transport on glutamate dynamics in a general sense. We derive reliable estimates of the …

Protective Actions Of Oxytocin On Aortic Wistar And Shr Vsmcs, Varun Kumar Soti

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Background. Oxytocin, known as a female reproductive hormone, has emerged as a cardiovascular hormone showing cardioprotective effects, for instance, negative chronotropic and inotropic effects and ANP release in cardiomyocytes and endothelium. However, oxytocin’s effect in VSMCs remains to be explored. Objectives. This study had three goals: characterizing oxytocin’s effect on proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and vasocontraction pathway in Wistar VSMCs; determining oxytocin’s effect on Ang II; describing oxytocin’s effect and its interaction with Ang II in SHR VSMCs. Methods: Aortic VSMCs were isolated from Wistar rats and SHRs. Hemocytometer, MTT and 3H-Thymidine incorporation assays, and flow cytometry were employed for …

2019 Edition, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

The Sig

The Sig Newsletter from the Southwestern Oklahoma State University College of Pharmacy - 2019 Edition

A Preliminary Investigation Towards The Risk Stratification Of Allogeneic Stem Cell Recipients With Respect To The Potential For Development Of Gvhd Via Their Pre-Transplant Plasma Lipid And Metabolic Signature, Daniel Contaifer Jr., Catherine H. Roberts, Naren Gajenthra Kumar, Ramesh Natarajan, Bernard J. Fisher, Kevin Leslie, Jason Reed, Amir A. Toor, Dayanjan S. Wijesinghe

Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science Publications

The clinical outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) may be influenced by the metabolic status of the recipient following conditioning, which in turn may enable risk stratification with respect to the development of transplant-associated complications such as graft vs. host disease (GVHD). To better understand the impact of the metabolic profile of transplant recipients on post-transplant alloreactivity, we investigated the metabolic signature of 14 patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning followed by either human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related or unrelated donor SCT, or autologous SCT. Blood samples were taken following conditioning and prior to transplant on day 0 and the …

College Of Pharmacy 2019, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Time To Achievement Of Mean Arterial Pressure Goal In Patients With Septic Shock Based On Initial Norepinephrine Dose, Meagan R. Ellinger Pharmd, Dustin D Linn Pharmd, Bcps, Bcccp, Michael Todt Pharmd, Bccp

Parkview Pharmacy Department

Poster Presentation

2019 ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting / Las Vegas, Nevada / Poster # 11-133

Objective: Evaluate whether the initial norepinephrine dose in septic shock patients is associated with the time to achievement of MAP goal

Evaluation Of An Adjusted Body Weight Based Heparin Protocol, Jenna Deininger Pharmd, Elizabeth Meisberger Pharmd, Bcps, Kris Howard Pharmd, Bcps

Parkview Pharmacy Department

Poster Presentation

2019 ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting/ Las Vegas, Nevada/ Poster 11-136

Objective: Determine the efficacy and safety of a pharmacist-driven adjusted body weight protocol for therapeutic intravenous (IV) heparin dosing in patients of all weights in a community health system.

U.S. Adult Perceptions Of The Harmfulness Of Tobacco Products: Descriptive T Findings From The 2013–14 Baseline Wave 1 Of The Path Study, Geoffrey T. Fong, Tara Elton-Marshall, Pete Driezen, Annette R. Kaufman, K. Michael Cummings, Kelvin Choi, Jonathan Kwan, Amber Koblitz, Andrew Hyland, Maansi Bansal-Travers, Charles Carusi, Mary E. Thompson

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Introduction: This study is the first nationally representative survey of U.S. adults (18+) to examine perceptions of the relative harms of eight non-cigarette tobacco products.

Methods: Data are from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Adult Questionnaire, a nationally representative study of 32,320 adults in the United States conducted from September 2013 to December 2014.

Results: 40.7% of adults believed that electronic cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes, and 17.8% of adults believed that hookah was less harmful than cigarettes. Those less knowledgeable about the health risks of smoking were more likely to believe …

The Scientific Problems With Using Non-Human Animals To Predict Human Response To Drugs And Disease, Ray Greek, Lisa A. Kramer

Pharmacology and Animal Models in Research Collection

Every year, and in countries around the world, significant time and resources are devoted to the noble cause of developing drugs to treat and cure human disease. With rare exception, drug interventions cannot reach commercialization without safety and efficacy having first been demonstrated in animal models. The intention of regulations, which require the use of animal models in such contexts, is to ensure that only safe and effective drugs end up being used by patients. Similarly, it is standard practice for researchers to employ animal models in their attempts to understand the way diseases present and progress in humans. Unfortunately, …

Intranasal Delivery Of Insulin By Nanoemulsion System, Darshana Mahendrakumar Shah

Theses and Dissertations

The main objective of this research was to develop an o/w nanoemulsion dosage form of insulin for intranasal delivery where insulin is loaded into the oil phase of the nanoemulsion for enhanced absorption. When loaded into the lipid droplets (oil phase), insulin can be protected from enzymatic degradation, can permeate through the mucus gel barrier in a comparatively efficient manner and can be absorbed through transcellular permeation along with paracellular route. To incorporate lipophilicity to insulin molecule, several complexes of insulin with various amphiphiles were developed to load it into the oil phase. The cytotoxicity of these amphiphiles and the …

Efficacy Of Statin Therapy In The Elderly, Alyssa M. B. White, Hillary R. Mishcon, John Redwanski, Ronald D. Hills Jr

Pharmacy Student Posters

Statins are one of the most heavily prescribed medications. The 2018 ACC/AHA guidelines support statin therapy for most older adults, but recommendations are less clear for those over 75. The literature was systematically reviewed for evidence of the efficacy of statin treatment in different patient populations. Significant evidence was found supporting a decreasing association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and mortality as well as decreasing statin efficacy with increasing age. The consequences of unnecessary statin therapy can be severe for older adults. Improved methods for evaluating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, such as using negative markers to help identify those …

Characteristics Of Patients Experiencing Extrapyramidal Symptoms Or Other Movement Disorders Related To Dopamine Receptor Blocking Agent Therapy, Shaina Musco, Laura Ruekert, Jaclyn Myers, Dennis Anderson, Michael Welling, Elizabeth Ann Cunningham

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Purpose/background: Dopamine receptor blocking agents (DRBAs), also known as antipsychotics, are medications widely used to treat a growing number of mental health diagnoses. However, their utility is limited by the potential to cause serious adverse movement reactions. Akathisia, dystonia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia (collectively known as extrapyramidal symptoms or EPSs) are associated with reduced social and occupational functioning, negative patient attitudes toward treatment, and nonadherence to pharmacotherapy. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening reaction that can result from DRBA use and cause musculoskeletal dysfunction. The aim of this study is to profile patients who have developed DRBA-related movement adverse effects …

Enhancing The Sublingual Permeability Of Atropine Sulfate: Effect Of Ph And Penetration Enhancers, Rawan Saeed Bafail

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Atropine Sulfate (AS) auto-injector (AtroPen®) is being used as an effective and safe antidote for the treatment of organophosphate (OP) pesticides or nerve gas poisoning. The use of AtroPen® is associated with several drawbacks including: bulky size, availability, affordability, invasiveness, and administration errors. Previously, AS fast disintegrating sublingual tablets (FDSTs) were developed and the feasibility of AS sublingual permeability were demonstrated. However, AS permeability was delayed due to the negative impact of higher doses of AS on FDST’s physical characteristics. Therefore, the aim in this research project was to optimize the previously developed AS FDSTs. It was hypothesized that optimizing …

Bill Gatton College Of Pharmacy Interview Day Booklet - 2019, Bill Gatton College Of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University

Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy Miscellaneous Publications

No abstract provided.

The Value Of Universally Available Raw Nmr Data For Transparency, Reproducibility, And Integrity In Natural Product Research., James B. Mcalpine, Shao-Nong Chen, Andrei Kutateladze, John B. Macmillan, Giovanni Appendino, Andersson Barison, Mehdi A. Beniddir, Maique W. Biavatti, Stefan Bluml, Asmaa Boufridi, Mark S. Butler, Robert J. Capon, Young H. Choi, David Coppage, Phillip Crews, Michael T. Crimmins, Marie Csete, Pradeep Dewapriya, Joseph M. Egan, Mary J. Garson, Grégory Genta-Jouve, William H Gerwick, Harald Gross, Mary Kay Harper, Precilia Hermanto, James M. Hook, Luke Hunter, Damien Jeannerat, Nai-Yun Ji, Tyler A. Johnson, David G. I. Kingston, Hiroyuki Koshino, Hsiau-Wei Lee, Guy Lewin, Jie Li, Roger G Linington, Miaomiao Liu, Kerry L Mcphail, Tadeusz F Molinski, Bradley S Moore, Joo-Won Nam, Ram P Neupane, Matthias Niemitz, Jean-Marc Nuzillard, Nicholas H Oberlies, Fernanda M M Ocampos, Guohui Pan, Ronald J Quinn, D Sai Reddy, Jean-Hugues Renault, José Rivera-Chávez, Wolfgang Robien, Carla M Saunders, Thomas J Schmidt, Christoph Seger, Ben Shen, Christoph Steinbeck, Hermann Stuppner, Sonja Sturm, Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati, Dean J Tantillo, Robert Verpoorte, Bin-Gui Wang, Craig M Williams, Philip G Williams, Julien Wist, Jian-Min Yue, Chen Zhang, Zhengren Xu, Charlotte Simmler, David C Lankin, Jonathan Bisson, Guido F Pauli

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Faculty Scholarship

With contributions from the global natural product (NP) research community, and continuing the Raw Data Initiative, this review collects a comprehensive demonstration of the immense scientific value of disseminating raw nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, independently of, and in parallel with, classical publishing outlets. A comprehensive compilation of historic to present-day cases as well as contemporary and future applications show that addressing the urgent need for a repository of publicly accessible raw NMR data has the potential to transform natural products (NPs) and associated fields of chemical and biomedical research. The call for advancing open sharing mechanisms for raw data …

The Effects Of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) On The Neurophysiology Of The Monkey Caudal Prefrontal Cortex, Sébastien Tremblay, Florian Pieper, Adam Sachs, Ridha Joober, Julio Martinez-Trujillo

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

© 2019 Tremblay et al. Methylphenidate (MPH), commonly known as Ritalin, is the most widely prescribed drug worldwide to treat patients with attention deficit disorders. Although MPH is thought to modulate catecholamine neurotransmission in the brain, it remains unclear how these neurochemical effects influence neuronal activity and lead to attentional enhancements. Studies in rodents overwhelmingly point to the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) as a main site of action of MPH. To understand the mechanism of action of MPH in a primate brain, we recorded the responses of neuronal populations using chronic multielectrode arrays implanted in the caudal LPFC of two …

Maternal Protein Restriction During Perinatal Life Affects Lung Mechanics And The Surfactant System During Early Postnatal Life In Female Rats., Reza Khazaee, Lynda A Mccaig, Cory Yamashita, Daniel B Hardy, Ruud A W Veldhuizen

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

Limited information is available on how fetal growth retardation (FGR) affects the lung in the neonatal period in males and females. This led us to test the hypothesis that FGR alters lung mechanics and the surfactant system during the neonatal period. To test this hypothesis a model of FGR was utilized in which pregnant rat dams were fed a low protein diet during both the gestation and lactation period. We subsequently analyzed lung mechanics using a FlexiVent ventilator in male and female pups at postnatal day 7 and 21. Lung lavage material was obtained at postnatal day 1, 7 and …

Pharmaceutical Industry's Effect On Socioeconomic Development In Sub-Saharan Africa In Relation To Family Planning Accessibility, Tessa Demarest

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

There is a large unmet need for family planning services in sub-Saharan Africa (Goodkind et al, 2018). Pharmaceutical companies contribute to the accessibility of medications in developing countries (Cottingham & Berer, 2011). If the pharmaceutical industry strongly affects access to contraceptives in sub-Saharan Africa, then it is possible that adjustments made to the industry would increase access to contraceptives. I explored how contraceptives change the economic and social development of subSaharan Africa to determine if contraception benefits Africans enough for their shortage to be a serious injustice. This is followed by how the pharmaceutical industry affects access to and types …

Optimization And Characterization Of Hot-Melt Extruded Anti-Inflammatory And Local Anesthetic Bio-Adhesive Semisolid Formulation Using Design Of Experiments (Doe), Rishi Chinmay Thakkar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hot melt extrusion is a versatile continuous manufacturing process extensively investigated for its applications with production of oral solid dosage forms, the aim of this study was to venture the applicability of HME in continuous manufacturing of topical semi-solid ointment formulations. Novel combination of a topical corticosteroid (Triamcinolone Acetonide) and local anesthetic (Lidocaine hydrochloride) were selected to be formulated with a water-soluble ointment base consisting of PEG 4000, PEG 1500 and Propylene glycol after performing appropriate drug-excipient compatibility studies. To determine the ratios of the solid to liquid components of the macrogol base, ‘quality by design’ approach was employed by …

Drug Prices, Dying Patients, And The Pharmaceutical Marketplace: A New Conditional Approval Pathway For Critical Unmet Medical Needs, Robert A. Bohrer

Faculty Scholarship

Prescription drugs have been a major topic in the news for much of the past year. There are two issues which appear often: first, the very high prices of new drugs, particularly the "specialty" drugs developed for serious diseases; and second, the time required for FDA approval in relation to the perceived need for earlier access to new therapies for critically ill patients. Much less in the news, but lurking behind both issues, is the need for better information for physicians and patients to use in making decisions about prescribing and taking drugs, and for insurance companies and the government …

Direct-To-Consumer Ads Are Misleading: Concise Statements Of Effectiveness Should Be Required, Robert A. Bohrer

Faculty Scholarship

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription pharmaceuticals has been the subject of much criticism and the issue has become even more pressing with the Trump administration’s proposal to require the disclosure of prices in DTC ads. In this article I argue that a more powerful approach to the problem of DTC ads would require the disclosure of the effectiveness of the advertised drugs, at least as found in the clinical trials submitted for FDA approval. To support the need for an effectiveness disclosure, I describe the problem of DTC ads and examine representative ads to illustrate the potential of such ads …

Insight Into The Dynamics Of Apobec3g Protein In Complexes With Dna Assessed By High Speed Afm, Yangang Pan, Luda S. Shlyakhtenko, Yuri L. Lyubchenko

Journal Articles: Pharmaceutical Sciences

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein that restricts the HIV virus by deamination of dC to dU during reverse transcription of the viral genome. A3G has two zinc-binding domains: the N-terminal domain (NTD), which efficiently binds ssDNA, and the C-terminal catalytic domain (CTD), which supports deaminase activity of A3G. Until now, structural information on A3G has been lacking, preventing elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying its interaction with ssDNA and deaminase activity. We have recently built a computational model for the full-length A3G monomer and validated its structure using data obtained by time-lapse High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy …

Snake Bite, Meghna Arora, Rajendra Prasad

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Consumer Protection: Escaping Death By Regulation, Thomas L. Tacker

Publications

This book is designed to appeal to anyone who is at all interested in topics related to making life better and safer—for all us consumers. Our current approach to consumer protection is extremely flawed; sometimes costing lives rather than saving them. There are better ways to protect ourselves and the people we love.

Are First Generation Immigrants More Inclined To Participate In Clinical Research?, Aisha Farha

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The number of immigrants entering the United States has increased dramatically in the past 30 years, but minorities and ethnic groups are underrepresented in research studies. This study examined first- and second-generation Arab American immigrants in Dearborn, Michigan, using a survey from 65 participants to determine the impact of generation on clinical research participation. Fifty-one (78%) of the respondents were first-generation immigrants, and 14 (22%) were second generation. There was no statistical difference between first- and second-generation immigrants in their willingness to participate in clinical research. Further research with a larger and more diverse population is needed to evaluate willingness …

Car T Cells As A Patentable Therapeutic, Mckenzie List

Honors Program Theses

The development of a therapeutic to treat a particular disease is a complicated process that incorporates numerous components such as drug discovery, clinical trials, FDA approval and patentability. In the last two decades, cancer research and development has shifted from identifying small molecule therapeutic agents to focusing research on a novel approach designated as immunotherapy. Today, immunotherapy has progressed from a twentieth century scientific theory into an innovative treatment to cancer. In particular, CAR T cells have demonstrated therapeutic properties for certain types of cancers, but these living cells are not compatible with the traditional therapeutic model. First, the drug …

Addressing Drug Misuse On A College Campus: An Academic And Resource Driven Approach, Deborah Ebbinghaus

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

In recent years, the United States has experienced an epidemic of drug misuse. Many studies have indicated those in the typical college age demographic of eighteen to twenty-five years of age are particularly at risk. This research examines prescription drug misuse on college campuses, with the aim of proposing additional resources for the University. It has three components: a literature analysis, a policy, procedure, and resource review, and new resource development. The literature review will examine journal articles published after January 1, 2010 related to prescription misuse in collegians. It also examines state and university specific data. The policy, procedure, …

Actionable Patient Safety Solutions (Apss) #3a: Medication Errors, Ron Jordan, Jerika Lam, Peter Antevy, Steven Barker, Linda Beneze, Michel Bennett, Laressa Bethishou, Jim Broselow, John Burnam, Mitchell Goldenstein, Kari Hamlin, Helen Haskell, Christopher Jerry, Edwin Loftin, Ariana Longley, Jacob Lopez, Anne Lyren, Brendan Miney, Sidney Morice, Steve Mullenix, Robert Nickell, Rochelle Sandell, David Shane Lowry, Robin Shannon, Deeba Siddiqui, Charles Simmons, Nat Sims, Robert Stein, Laura Townsend, Jason Yamaki, Sun Yang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

A medication error is a preventable event in any healthcare setting that may lead to inappropriate medication use while in the control of the healthcare professional or patient, ultimately leading to patient harm and/or death. Medication errors can be classified into five categories: 1) wrong drug, 2) wrong dose, 3) wrong route, 4) wrong frequency and/or 5) wrong patient.

Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Gunw-3 As A Brain Targeting Agent, Asim Najmi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a barrier in the brain that separates the peripheral blood circulation system from the central nerve system (CNS). The barrier effectively protects the brain from xenobiotics. The BBB serves as a physical barrier through the tight junction of endothelial cells that were found to be 50-100 times tighter than that of normal endothelial cells. Different drug efflux pumps such as P-glycoproteins and multidrug-resistance proteins are found to be overdistributed on the BBB. These drug efflux pumps help pump xenobiotics out if they enter the cells and serv as an additional mechanism to prevent xenobiotics …