Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Alcohol-Attributed Deaths In The United States, 1999–2020, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Nasim Maleki, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

The disparities in alcohol-attributed death rates among different racial and ethnic groups in the United States (US) have received limited research attention. Our study aimed to examine the burden and trends in alcohol-attributed mortality rates in the US by race and ethnicity from 1999 to 2020. We used national mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database and employed the ICD-10 coding system to identify alcohol-related deaths. Disparity rate ratios were calculated using the Taylor series, and Joinpoint regression was used to analyze temporal trends and calculate annual and …

The Global Fatty Liver Disease-Sustainable Development Goal Country Score For 195 Countries And Territories, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Hannah Han, Henry E. Mark, Saleh A. Schattenberg, Jörn M. J., Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background & Aims:

Fatty liver disease is highly prevalent, resulting in overarching wellbeing and economic costs. Addressing it requires comprehensive and coordinated multisectoral action. We developed a fatty liver disease-Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) country score to provide insights into country-level preparedness to address fatty liver disease through a whole-of-society lens.

Approach & Results:

We developed two fatty liver disease-SDG score sets. The first included six indicators (child wasting, child overweight, non-communicable disease [NCD] mortality, universal health coverage service coverage index, health worker density, and education attainment), covering 195 countries between 1990-2017. The second included the aforementioned indicators plus an urban …

Intensive Care Unit Mortality And Length Of Stay Among Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis Treated With Corticosteroids: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Eric E. Chinaeke, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Bryan L. Love Pharm. D., Joseph Magagnoli, Claiborne E. Reeder

Faculty Publications

Objectives: Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients worldwide, and corticosteroids are commonly used to treat it. However, the evidence supporting the use of corticosteroids in sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is of low certainty, with conflicting results reported in previous studies. Thus, we aimed to investigate the potential association between corticosteroid treatment and various outcomes, including 30-day ICU mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation use, new onset of infection, and hyperglycemia in patients diagnosed with sepsis and admitted to the ICU.

Materials and Methods: We conducted …

Impacts Of Fda Approval And Medicare Restriction On Antiamyloid Therapies For Alzheimer’S Disease: Patient Outcomes, Healthcare Costs, And Drug Development, Rouen Brockmann, Joanna Nixon, Bryan L. Love Pharm D., Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D.

Faculty Publications

In 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval to aducanumab, an antiamyloid antibody for early-stage Alzheimer's disease, despite a lack of clear clinical evidence demonstrating the drug's cognitive benefits. The manufacturer initially priced the drug at a staggering $56,000 per year, a price that was later reduced to $28,200. Unfortunately, these costs do not include the additional expenses associated with monitoring the treatment. However, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recently announced that they will only cover individuals enrolled in clinical trials and will limit coverage of future antiamyloid antibodies. This discrepancy between the FDA …

Up-02 Pharmacological And Non-Pharmacological Interventions For The Treatment Of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, Taylor Meetze, Reagan Bradley, Peyton Smith, Emily Sisk, Ryan Crawford

SC Upstate Research Symposium

Background: Newborns diagnosed with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) often experience extreme symptoms as their body’s withdrawals from substances. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are provided that aim to treat NAS. However, nurses should be aware of what treatment leads to better outcomes and shorter hospitalization.

Aim: The aim of the project was to compare the length of hospitalization of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for newborns with mild NAS.

Methods: The team of researchers devised a research question to guide a search in the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) to identify relevant literature focused on pharmacological …

Comparative-Effectiveness Of Oral Beta-Lactams And Fluoroquinolones For Stepdown Therapy In Patients With Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Lauren Bjork Ph.D., Teri Hopkins Ph.D., Linda Yang Ph.D., Chengwen Teng Pharm.D., Ph.D., Xavier Jones Bs, Jose Cadena, Elizabeth Walter, Christopher R. Frei Pham.D., Ms

Faculty Publications

Background: This study compares treatment failure for patients who received oral beta-lactams (BLs) and fluoroquinolones (FQs) for stepdown treatment of Enterobacterales bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective, age- and sex-matched, cohort study, at a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital in South Texas. Eligible patients were at least 18 years of age with a monomicrobial BSI treated with a single oral BL or FQ antibiotic. Treatment failure was defined as recurrence or all-cause mortality within 90 days of documented BSI. Bivariate (chi-square, Fisher's Exact, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum) and multivariate (logistic regression) statistical tests were used to compare groups. …

Global Investments In Pandemic Preparedness And Covid-19: Development Assistance And Domestic Spending On Health Between 1990 And 2026, Angela E. Micah, Kayleigh Bhangdia, Ian E. Cogswell, Dylan Lasher, Brendan Lidral-Porter, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put …

Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension And Kidneydisease As Risk Factors Of Pre-Eclampsia: A Disease Of Theories And Its Association With Genetic Polymorphism, Abdullah Salah Alanazi, Francis Victor, Kanwal Rehman, Yusra Habib Khan, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Abdulaziz Alzarea, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi

Faculty Publications

Pre-existing diabetes, hypertension and kidney disorders are prominent risk factors of pre-eclampsia (PE). It is a multifactorial pregnancy disorder associated with high blood pressure, proteinuria, and multiorgan failure, which develops after the 20th week of pregnancy. It is one of the most feared pregnancy disorders, as it consumes thousands of fetomaternal lives per annum. According to clinical and pathological studies, the placenta appears to be a key player in the pathogenesis of PE; however, the exact origin of this disorder is still under debate. Defective placentation and angiogenesis are the hallmarks of PE progression. This angiogenic imbalance, together with maternal …

Covid-19 Vaccination In Africa: A Case Of Unsatisfied Expectation And Ill-Preparedness, Osmond C. Ekwebelem, Phemelo Tamasiga, Abullhai Tunde Abonde, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Uju Nwauzoma, Helen Onyeaka

Faculty Publications

With a population of 1.3 billion people, of which 56% reside in rural settings, Africa seemed ill-prepared to handle the distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, the capacity needed for a successful COVID- 19 vaccination campaign in Africa surpassed the available resources in local and state health agencies. As a result, African governments were advised to coordinate resources, health officials, and vaccinators, including local health practitioners, medical technicians, and pharmacists for the largest-ever vaccination campaign in Africa. Although the rolling out of the SARS-COV-2 vaccine was, as expected, slow in many African countries, and not yet enough to cover …

Epidemiology, Outcomes And Tolerability Of Protracted Treatment Of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections At A Community Teaching Hospital In The Southeastern United States, Yuwei Vivian Tsai, Carolina Derrick, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Sharon Weissman, Majdi N. Al-Hasan, Julie Ann Justo Pharm.D., P. Brandon Bookstaver Pharm.D.

Faculty Publications

Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections present a treatment challenge for clinicians and patients. There are limited data about current susceptibility patterns and treatment outcomes in U.S. adults. This was a 10-year, single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study of adults with a positive NTM culture and clinical suspicion of infection between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2020. The primary objective was to identify predictors for favorable treatment outcomes. Key secondary objectives were characterization of NTM epidemiology, susceptibility profiles, and safety and tolerability of treatment, including the proportion of subjects with an antimicrobial change and the reasons for the change. Of 250 subjects …

Epidemiology, Outcomes And Tolerability Of Protracted Treatment Of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections At A Community Teaching Hospital In The Southeastern United States, Yuwei Vivian Tsai, Caroline Derrick, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Sharon Weissman, Majdi N. Al-Hasan, Julie Ann Justo Pharm. D., P. Brandon Bookstaver Pharm. D.

Faculty Publications

Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections present a treatment challenge for clinicians and patients. There are limited data about current susceptibility patterns and treatment outcomes in U.S. adults. This was a 10-year, single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study of adults with a positive NTM culture and clinical suspicion of infection between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2020. The primary objective was to identify predictors for favorable treatment outcomes. Key secondary objectives were characterization of NTM epidemiology, susceptibility profiles, and safety and tolerability of treatment, including the proportion of subjects with an antimicrobial change and the reasons for the change. Of 250 subjects …

The Global, Regional, And National Burden Of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia In 204 Countries And Territories From 2000 To 2019: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Atalel Fentahun, Hannah Han, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common urological disease affecting older men worldwide, but comprehensive data about the global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia and its trends over time are scarce. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated global trends in, and prevalence of, benign prostatic hyperplasia and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, in 21 regions and 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019.

Methods This study was conducted with GBD 2019 analytical and modelling strategies. Primary prevalence data came from claims from …

Direct Material Property Determination: One‐Dimensional Formulation Utilising Full‐Field Deformation Measurements, Sreehair Rajan-Kattil, Michael A. Sutton, Subramani Sockalingam, Frank Thomas, Tusit Weerasooriya, Stephen Alexander

Faculty Publications

A direct approach is described to determine the elastic modulus distribution in a nominally heterogeneous material subject to tensile/compression loading and primarily experiencing deformations in the axial direction. The formulation is developed for uniaxial applications using basic theoretical constructs, resulting in a computational framework that has a matrix form [A] {E} = {R}, where the [A] matrix components are known functions of measured axial strains and axial positions, {R} components are known functions of axial body forces, applied loads and reactions and {E} components are the unknown elastic moduli at discrete locations along the length of the specimen. For a …

Assessing Performance Of The Healthcare Access And Quality Index, Overall And By Select Age Groups, For 204 Countries And Territories, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Annie Haakenstad, Jamal Akeem Yearwood, Nancy Fullman, Corinne Bintz, Kelly Bienhoff, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019.

Methods We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0–74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0–14 years), working (ages 15–64 years), and post-working (ages 65–74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction …

The Risk And Clinical Implications Of Antibiotic-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Review Of The Clinical Data For Agents With Signals From The Food And Drug Administration’S Adverse Event Reporting System (Faers) Database, Kalin M. Clifford, Ashley R. Selby, Kelly R. Reveles, Chengwen Teng, Ronald G. Hall Ii, Jamie Mccarrell, Carlos A. Alvarez

Faculty Publications

Antibiotic-associated acute kidney injury (AA-AKI) is quite common, especially among hospitalized patients; however, little is known about risk factors or mechanisms of why AA-AKI occurs. In this review, the authors have reviewed all available literature prior to 1 June 2022, with a large number of AKI reports. Information regarding risk factors of AA-AKI, mechanisms behind AA-AKI, and treatment/management principles to decrease AA-AKI risk were collected and reviewed. Patients treated in the inpatient setting are at increased risk of AA-AKI due to common risk factors: hypovolemia, concomitant use of other nephrotoxic medications, and exacerbation of comorbid conditions. Clinicians should attempt to …

Ribosomal Rack1 Regulates The Dendritic Arborization By Repressing Fmrp Activity, Nicla Romano, Bruna Di Giacomo, Veronica Nobile, Antonella Borreca, Daniela Willems, Francesca Tilesi, Elisabetta Catalani, Manasi Agrawal, Kristy Welshhans, Sara Ricciardi, Davide Cervia, Marcello Ceci

Faculty Publications

FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that represses the translation of specific mRNAs. In neurons, its depletion determines the exaggerated translation of mRNAs leading to dendritic and axonal aberrant development, two peculiar features of Fragile X syndrome patients. However, how FMRP binds to translational machinery to regulate the translation of its mRNA targets is not yet fully understood. Here, we show that FMRP localizes on translational machinery by interacting with the ribosomal binding protein, Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1). The binding of FMRP to RACK1 removes the translational repressive activity of FMRP and promotes the translation of PSD-95 mRNA, …

Peromyscus Maniculatus Bairdii And Peromyscus Maniculatus Sonoriensis Polymorphisms, Matthew Dixon Lucius

Theses and Dissertations

Sequencing technology has advanced greatly over the past couple of decades. This has led to many studies developing hypotheses based on genomic data. This requires many genomic studies to have up-to-date information on the species’ or subject’s genome being investigated. If a study does not have accurate or up-to-date background information, then they cannot fully develop their theories that are being established. In this study, I utilize outbred Peromyscus maniculatus, deer mice that are genetically diverse, to record the polymorphisms that are found throughout the Peromyscus maniculatus genome. I first explore the differences between the polymorphisms found in Peromyscus …

Genomic Analysis Workflows To Identify Mutational Signatures And Structural Variations In Ovcar8 Cells And Rad51d-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts, Manli Yang

Theses and Dissertations

Specific genomic profiles associated with exposure to DNA damaging agents have been identified in cancer related genes, revealing that mutational patterns can be carcinogen- specific. However, there have been limited efforts to demonstrate similar clear relationships for endogenous mutational processes. One endogenous source of mutations is contamination of the deoxynucleotide pool with damaged bases that, if incorporated into DNA, cause mutations.

The Catalog of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC) represents an international effort to characterize mutations in cancer. A mutational signature is the pattern of mutations generated by a mutational process. Each mutational process contains two parts: DNA damage and …

The Global Burden Of Cancer Attributable To Risk Factors, 2010-19: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Khanh Bao Tran, Justin J. Lang, Kelly Compton, Rixing Xu, Alistair R. Acheson, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, Jonathan M. Kocarnik, Louise Penberthy, Amirali Aali, Qamar Abbas, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ahmed Abdelwahab Abdelwahab, Gholamreza Abdoli, Hanan Abdulkadir Abdulkadir, Aidin Abedi, Ismaeel Yunusa, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

Background

Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally.

Methods

The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change …

From Start To Finish: Examining Factors Associated With Higher Likelihood Of Publication Among Abstracts Presented At An International Infectious Diseases Scientific Meeting, Asia J. Johnson, Christopher M. Bland, Chengwen Teng, Lily Zheng, J Colin Hungerpiller, Morgan Easterling, Sarah Arnold, Madeline Dean, Carrington Royals, P. Brandon Bookstaver

Faculty Publications

Background The landscape of infectious diseases research by interprofessional teams continues to change in both scope and engagement. Limited information exists regarding publication metrics and factors associated with publication of abstracts presented at professional infectious diseases meetings.

Methods This was a retrospective, observational study evaluating abstracts presented at IDWeek in 2017 and 2018. The primary endpoint was the proportion of abstracts that were subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals. Factors associated with publication were evaluated, and a description of publication metrics was reported.

Results Of the 887 abstracts analyzed from the IDWeek meetings, 236 (26.6%) were published. Significantly more abstracts were …

Adolescent Transport And Unintentional Injuries: A Systematic Analysis Using The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Amy E. Peden, Patricia Cullen, Kate Louise Francis, Holger Moeller, Margaret M. Peden, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10–24 years during the past three decades.

Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100000 population by sex, age group (10–14, 15–19, and 20–24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We …

Retrospective Cohort Evaluating The Comparative Effectiveness Of Ceftaroline And Daptomycin As First-Line Therapies For Inpatient Treatment Of Diabetic Foot Infection In The United States Veterans Health Care System, Alyssa C. Eaves, Chengwen Teng Pharm.D., Ph.D., Kirk E. Evoy, Christopher R. Frei

Faculty Publications

Background Both ceftaroline and daptomycin are possible therapeutic options for diabetic foot infection (DFI) and both are active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection; however, no previous studies have evaluated their efectiveness head-to-head.

Objective This study compared hospital readmission and mortality proportions among patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil or daptomycin for DFI.

Patients and Methods This was a retrospective cohort, comparative efectiveness study of adults (aged ≥ 18 years) admitted to United States Veterans Health Care System hospitals with a diagnosis code for DFI between 1 October 2010 and 30 September 2014 with an electronic order for ceftaroline or daptomycin as …

Do We Trust The Government? Attributes Of Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy And Acceptance In Nigeria, Osmond C. Ekwebelem, Helen Onyeaka, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Taghi Miri, Yahwedalu M. Onwuneme, Ayeni T. Eunice, Amara Anyogu, Bright Obi, Ngwogu Ada Carol

Faculty Publications

Objectives:

A significant percentage of the population must be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. Therefore the success of a vaccination program relies on the level of acceptance. This present study seeks to understand COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Nigeria by assessing the public's willingness to get vaccinated.

Study design:

This is a population-based cross-sectional study. Data were derived through a structured online survey.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult residents in Nigeria in March 2021 using a structured online questionnaire. The questionnaire surveyed participants' demographic characteristics and perception of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccine. Descriptive statistics and …

Discovery And Mechanistic Study Of Novel Pbd-Targeted Inhibitors Of Plk1 For Prostate Cancer Treatment, Danda Pani Chapagai

Theses and Dissertations

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a central player in regulating entry into and progression through mitosis. Inhibition of sub-cellular localization and kinase activity of PLK1 through the Polo-box domain (PBD) is emerging as a viable alternative to ATP binding site directed drugs for which the development of resistant mutants and inhibition of closely related members of the PLK family (tumor suppressor roles) are primary concerns. I describe related novel non-peptidic PBD binding inhibitors, termed abbapolins, identified through successful application of the REPLACE strategy and demonstrate their potent antiproliferative activity in prostate tumors and other cell lines. Furthermore, the abbapolins show …

Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years Of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, And Disability-Adjusted Life Years For 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 To 2019 A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Jonathan M. Kocarnik, Kelly Compton, Frances E. Dean, Weijia Fu, Brian L. Gaw, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

Importance The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden.

Objective To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019.

Evidence Review The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite …

Diabetes Mortality And Trends Before 25 Years Of Age: An Analysis Of The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Ewerton Cousin, Bruce B. Duncan, Carolina Stein, Kanyin Liane Ong, Theo Vos, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background

Methods

Delirium Associations With Antibiotics: A Pharmacovigilance Study Of The Fda Adverse Event Reporting System (Faers), Chengwen Teng, Christopher R. Frei

Faculty Publications

Background Ertapenem, cefepime, imipenem, ofloxacin, ceftazidime, clarithromycin, cefaclor, levofloxacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, azithromycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and cefuroxime are known to be associated with delirium. Other antibiotics may also lead to delirium, but no study has systemically compared delirium associations for many available antibiotics.

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between delirium and antibiotics using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods FAERS reports from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2018 were included in the study. Reporting odds ratios (RORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between antibiotics and …

Risk Of Opioid Overdose Associated With Concomitant Use Of Oxycodone And Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Ismaeel Yunusa, Joshua J. Gagne, Kazuki Yoshida, Katsiaryna Bykov

Faculty Publications

Importance Some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inhibit the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of oxycodone, a potent prescription opioid. The clinical consequences of this interaction on the risk of opioid overdose have not been elucidated.

Objective To compare opioid overdose rates in patients initiating oxycodone while taking SSRIs that are potent inhibitors of the cytochrome-P450 2D6 enzyme (CYP2D6) vs SSRIs that are not.

Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included adults who initiated oxycodone while receiving SSRI therapy between 2000 and 2020 whose data were included in 3 US health insurance databases.

Exposures Use of SSRIs that strongly …

Global, Regional, And National Sex Differences In The Global Burden Of Tuberculosis By Hiv Status, 1990-2019: Results From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Jorge R. Ledesma, Jianing Ma, Avina Vongpradith, Emilie R. Maddison, Amanda Novotney, Ismaeel Yunusa

Faculty Publications

Background Tuberculosis is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, causing more than a million deaths annually. Given an emphasis on equity in access to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in global health targets, evaluations of differences in tuberculosis burden by sex are crucial. We aimed to assess the levels and trends of the global burden of tuberculosis, with an emphasis on investigating differences in sex by HIV status for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Methods We used a Bayesian hierarchical Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) platform to analyse 21505 siteyears of vital registration …

Estimation Of The Global Prevalence Of Dementia In 2019 And Forecasted Prevalence In 2050: An Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Emma Nichols, Jaimie D. Steinmetz, Stein Emil Vollset, Kai Fukutaki, Julian Chalek, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background

Methods