Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Formulation Of Encapsulated Nanoparticles Of Leek Extract As Antimicrobial And Anticancer Agent, Rawan Hassan Mohamed Elghanam

Theses and Dissertations

Leek extract (LEK) has broad therapeutic activity. However, plant extract use has many drawbacks, which could be resolved using nanocarriers. The purpose of this research work was to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) encapsulating LEK and investigate their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used to determine the LEK components. The CS-LEK NPs were produced by tripolyphosphate (TPP) crosslinking with chitosan (CS) the ionic gelation methodology. The particle size was 331 nm, zeta potential (ZP) was 28.9 mv, polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.4, encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 65.6%, and loading capacity (LC) was 28.8 % of the …

Tech Note 2023-1 Nih Contribution To Phased Clinical Development Of Drugs Approved From 2010-2019, Edward Zhou, Matthew Jackson, Fred Ledley

CISI Publication

This report describes the methods and preliminary results for the manuscript titled, “Spending on Phased Clinical Development of Approved Drugs by the US National Institutes of Health Compared With Industry.”

Novel Signposts On The Road From Natural Sources To Pharmaceutical Applications: A Combinative Approach Between Lc-Dad-Ms And Offline Lc-Nmr For The Biochemical Characterization Of Two Hypericum Species (H. Montbretii And H. Origanifolium), Stefania Sut, Stefano Dall'acqua, Gokhan Zengin, Ismail Senkardes, Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Abdurrahman Aktumsek

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

The members of the genus Hypericum have great potential to develop functional uses in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. With this in mind, we aimed to determine the chemical profiling and biological properties of different extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol and water) from two Hypericum species (H. montbretii and H. origanifolium). We combined two approaches (LC-DAD-MS and LC-NMR) to identify and quantify chemical compounds of the extracts. Antioxidant properties (free radical quenching, reducing power and metal chelating) and enzyme inhibitory effects (cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase) were determined as biological properties. The tested extracts were rich in caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoids, …

Comparative Evaluation Of Biased Agonists Sarcosine , D-Alanine -Angiotensin (Ang) Ii (Sd Ang Ii) And Sarcosine , Isoleucine -Ang Ii (Si Ang Ii) And Their Radioiodinated Congeners Binding To Rat Liver Membrane At Receptors, Natalia M. Noto, Yazmin M. Restrepo, Hong W. Pang, Filipe Stoyell-Conti, Crystal A. West, Robert C. Speth, Nova Southeastern University

HPD Articles

Angiotensin II analogue and β-arrestin biased agonist TRV027 (Sarcosine , d-Alanine -Angiotensin (Ang) II; SD Ang II), developed by Trevena, Inc. in the early 2010s, brought hopes of a novel treatment for cardiovascular diseases, due to its ability to simultaneously cause signaling through the β-arrestin signaling pathway, while antagonizing the pathophysiological effects of Ang II mediated by the AT receptor G protein signaling cascades. However, a phase II clinical trial of this agent revealed no significant benefit compared to placebo treatment. Using I-Sarcosine , Isoleucine -Ang II ( I-SI Ang II) radioligand receptor competition binding assays, we assessed the relative …

Evaluation Of Topical Microbicides For Their Acute Toxicities And Ability To Induce Proinflammatory Cytokines Tnf-A, Il-1b, Il-6 And Il-8 In Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells And Macrophages, Aladin A. Siddig, Olivier M. Tchimou, Mohammad N. Uddin, Kwame Yeboah

Faculty Research ​and Publications

Purpose: Topical Microbicides have been used as vaginal microbicides in clinical trials as anti-HIV-1 products. The objectives of this project were to evaluate selected popular topical microbicide drug products for their acute toxicities to colorectal epithelial cells and primary immune cells such as Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) and Macrophages and to further determine if these microbicide products could induce genital tract inflammation via extra production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8.

Methodology: Toxicities of Nonoxynol-9, KY jelly, CAP, PRO2000 (4%), PRO2000 (0.5%), UC781(1%), UC781(0.1%) and VenaGelTM microbicides were determined by cellular viability of colorectal adenocarcinoma …

A Critical Appraisal Of The Physicochemical Properties And Biological Effects Of Artificial Tear Ingredients And Formulations, Judy Weng, Michael K. Fink, Ajay Sharma

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Dry eye disease is among the most prevalent diseases affecting the ocular surface. Artificial tears remain the cornerstone therapy for its management. There are currently a wide variety of marketed artificial tears available to choose from. These artificial tears differ significantly in their composition and formulation. This article reviews the physicochemical and biological properties of artificial tear components and how these characteristics determine their use and efficacy in the management of dry eye. Furthermore, this article also discusses the various formulations of artificial tears such as macro and nanoemulsion and the type of preservatives present in them.

January / February 2023, Randy Curry, Cindy Brooks

RURAL ROCKS

This is the January & February 2023 issue of Rural Rocks from the SWOSU College of Pharmacy.

Adverse Events In Low Versus Normal Body Weight Patients Prescrdibed Apixaban Or Rivaroxaban For Atrial Fibrillation, Deborah Decamillo, Brian Haymart, Xiaowen Kong, Scott Kaatz, Mona Ali, Geoffrey Barnes, Scott Kaatz

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Title: Adverse Events in Low versus Normal Body Weight Patients Prescribed Apixaban or Rivaroxaban for Atrial Fibrillation. Background: Clinical trials comparing direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) to warfarin included only a small number of patients that weighed less than 60 kilograms (kg). The safety and efficacy of DOACs in low weight adult patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is still unclear. Published data is not only sparse but have mixed outcomes. Therapy with DOACs may increase bleeding and/or clotting risk with uncertain antithrombotic benefit in low weight patients. Objective: To assess bleeding and thrombotic event rates for patients with AF that are …

Outpatient Therapies For Covid-19., Michelle Boysel, Christian Vaflor, Dan Sheridan

Pharmacy Articles

The world's healthcare systems were forced to evaluate evolving evidence regarding the COVID-19 pandemic quickly. The technology used to improve patient outcomes and survival is rapidly evolving along with the virus. This article discusses new therapies developed to treat and prevent COVID-19 in qualifying patients.

Paxlovid-Induced Tacrolimus Toxicity In The Treatment Of Covid-19: A Case Report., Stephanie Michael, Rachel Heilbronner, Christopher M Lloyd, Howard W Levitin

Pharmacy Articles

Paxlovid^TM (nirmaltrelvir/ritonavir) received emergency use authorization from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2021 to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given the actions of Paxlovid on cytochrome P450-3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes, it is imperative to check for potential drug-drug interactions before prescribing. We describe a case in which the common emergency department presentation of generalized weakness was found to be caused by interactions between Paxlovid and a patient's home medications resulting in tacrolimus toxicity.

The Roles Of Cyp1a2 And Cyp2d In Pharmacokinetic Profiles Of Serotonin And Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Duloxetine And Its Metabolites In Mice, Xuan Qin, Cen Xie, John M Hakenjos, Kevin R Mackenzie, Shelton R Boyd, Mercedes Barzi, Karl-Dimiter Bissig, Damian W Young, Feng Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Duloxetine (DLX) is widely used to treat major depressive disorder. Little is known about the mechanistic basis for DLX-related adverse effects (e.g., liver injury). Human CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 mainly contributes to DLX metabolism, which was proposed to be involved in its adverse effects. Here, we investigated the roles of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2d on DLX pharmacokinetic profile and tissue distribution using a Cyp1a2 knockout (Cyp1a2-KO) mouse model together with a Cyp2d inhibitor (propranolol). Cyp1a2-KO has the few effects on the systematic exposure (area under the plasma concentration-time curve, AUC) and tissue disposition of DLX and its primary metabolites. Propranolol dramatically increased …

Loss-Of-Function KCa2.2 Mutations Abolish Channel Activity, Young-Woo Nam, Mohammad Asikur Rahman, Grace Yang, Razan Orfali, Meng Cui, Miao Zhang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Small-conductance Ca²⁺-activated potassium channels subtype 2 (K_Ca2.2, also called SK2) are operated exclusively by a Ca²⁺-calmodulin gating mechanism. Heterozygous genetic mutations of K_Ca2.2 channels have been associated with autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorders including cerebellar ataxia and tremor in humans and rodents. Taking advantage of these pathogenic mutations, we performed structure-function studies of the rat K_Ca2.2 channel. No measurable current was detected from HEK293 cells heterologously expressing these pathogenic K_Ca2.2 mutants. When co-expressed with the K_Ca2.2_WT channel, mutations of the pore-lining amino acid residues (I360M, Y362C, G363S …

Post Total Hip Arthroplasty Pseudo- Tumour – A Rare Case Report., Dr Harisha H L, Dr Vikram Patil, Dr Gurumurthy B

Radiology Teaching Files

A 62-year-old female came with complaints of slow growing mass in the left hip region for 4-5 months, associated with dull aching pain. Range of movements were restricted due to pain and mass. She underwent Total Hip arthroplasty (THA) 11 months ago.

Caffey Disease – A Rare Case Report., Dr Sudha Kiran Das, Vikram Patil Dr

Radiology Teaching Files

8 month old male infant with localized swelling of the thigh, fever and irritability.

Brivaracetam To Treat Partial Onset Seizures In Adults., Dustin Latimer, David Le, Evan P. Falgoust, Patrick Ingraffia, Alaa Abd-Elsayed, Elyse M. Cornett, Rupin Singh, Joohee Choi, Giustino Varrassi, Adam M. Kaye, Alan D. Kaye, Latha Ganti

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Seizures are a hyperexcitable, and hypersynchronous imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory factors (E/I imbalance) in neurotransmission, and epilepsy is the recurrent manifestation of seizures within a reasonable time frame and without being attributable to a reversible cause. Brivaracetam is a derivative of the antiepileptic agent, levetiracetam, that is used as adjuvant therapy for focal onset seizures. It was approved by the FDA in 2016 and has shown promising results with minimal adverse effect reactions in clinical trials.

RECENT FINDINGS: Brivaracetam has been used in multiple clinical trials at various dosages in adults that have partial-onset seizures refractory …

Review Of Interventional Therapies For Refractory Pediatric Migraine., Jacquelin Peck, Justin Zeien, Megha Patel, Elyse M. Cornett, Amnon A. Berger, Jamal Hasoon, Hisham Kassem, Jai Won Jung, Giovanni F. Ramírez, Paola Fugueroa, Neil R. Singhal, Jaehong Song, Adam M. Kaye, Alan D. Kaye, Sarang S. Koushik, Natalie H. Strand, Latha Ganti

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

This is a review of the latest and seminal evidence in pediatric migraine. It covers the etiology and pathophysiology known today, and then will review treatment options, efficacy and safety, quality of data and indications. Though migraine is usually regarded as an infliction in adults, it is not uncommon in the pediatric population and affects up to 8% of children. Children may experience migraine differently than adults, and present not only with headache but also frequent gastrointestinal symptoms. They are frequently shorter in duration than in adults. Traditional migraine treatment in adults is less effective in children. In this population, …

Suvorexant, A Novel Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist, For The Management Of Insomnia., Andrew H. Han, Carolin R. Burroughs, Evan P. Falgoust, Jamal Hasoon, Grace Hunt, Juyeon Kakazu, Tim Lee, Adam M. Kaye, Alan D. Kaye, Latha Ganti

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present investigation is a comprehensive review regarding the use of Suvorexant for insomnia treatment. It covers the background, pathophysiology, and significance of addressing insomnia, the pharmaceutical details of Suvorexant, and its safety, efficacy, and implications in treating insomnia. We further discuss Suvorexant's role in targeting insomnia with other comorbidities.

RECENT FINDINGS: Insomnia refers to poor quality and/or quantity of sleep. While there are many existing treatments such as benzodiazepines, melatonin agonists, TCAs, and atypical antipsychotics used to target various receptors involved in normal induction and maintenance of sleep, Suvorexant is an antagonist that specifically targets orexin …

Global Investments In Pandemic Preparedness And Covid-19: Development Assistance And Domestic Spending On Health Between 1990 And 2026, Angela E. Micah, Kayleigh Bhangdia, Ian E. Cogswell, Dylan Lasher, Brendan Lidral-Porter, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put …

Pharmacological Management Of Disease By Overcoming Structural Adversity, Richard N Sifers

Center on Aging Staff Publications

In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Sun et al. utilize computational and protein expression analyses, plus pharmacological proteostasis network activation, to simultaneously correct two genetic diseases linked to a single protein rather than modify the responsible DNA.

Prescription Drug Retail Sales In The Mountain West, Caren Royce Yap, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Health

This fact sheet synthesizes data on prescription drug retail sales in the Mountain West (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah). "Retail Sales for Prescription Drugs Filled at Pharmacies by Payer," a 2019 report by the Kaiser Family Foundation, includes data on the amount of retail sales for prescription drugs made in each state by dollar amount, along with the method of coverage, including commercial, Medicare, Medicaid and cash payment.

Evaluation Of Perceived Stress And Lifestyle Choices At The Beginning Of The Covid-19 Pandemic Among Students At A School Of Pharmacy In The United States, Crystal Deas, Melanie Manis

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Academic stress is a well-known component of life as a healthcare professional student, with the COVID-19 pandemic ushering in additional challenges. This study investigated trends in perceived stress, in relation to demographic and lifestyle choice variables among pharmacy students, during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, at a U.S. school of pharmacy. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at Samford University’s McWhorter School of Pharmacy utilizing a web-based questionnaire that was distributed to all enrolled second-, third-, and fourth-year Doctor of Pharmacy students. The survey instrument contained 22 items and was arranged into three sections to characterize …

Potential Of Biduri Fiber (Calotropis Gigantea) As Material For Oil Spill Absorbent, Anne Sukmawati, Wulan Septiani

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Biduri fiber (Calotropis gigantea) is a natural hollow fiber with hydrophobic and oleophilic properties potentially used as oil spilled sorbent from seawater. This study aims to determine the absorption capacity and efficiency of the Biduri fiber and membrane to fuel oil. Measurement of oil absorption to seawater was carried out at various fiber weights (0.5-1.5 g), fiber composition (50-95%), contact time (10-90 minutes), temperature (30 and 50°C), and compared with commercial products. The results showed that the fiber weight variation of 0.5-1.5 g has an average absorption efficiency of 96.67%, and the highest absorption was obtained in a weight of …

Exploring The Potential Of Intranasally Administered Naturally Occurring Quercetin Loaded Into Polymeric Nanocapsules As A Novel Platform For The Treatment Of Anxiety, Shady Swidan, Khaled Younis Mahmoud, Nahla Ahmed Elhesaisy, Abdelrahman Rashed, Ebram Mikhael, Mahmoud Fadl, Mahmoud Elsadek, Merna Mohamed, Merna Mostafa, Mohamed Hassan, Omar Halema, Youssef Elnemer

Pharmacy

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent forms of psychopathology that afects millions worldwide. It gained more importance under the pandemic status that resulted in higher anxiety prevalence. Anxiolytic drugs such as benzodiazepines have an unfavorable risk/beneft ratio resulting in a shift toward active ingredients with better safety profle such as the naturally occurring quercetin (QRC). The delivery of QRC is hampered by its low water solubility and low bioavailability. The potential to enhance QRC delivery to the brain utilizing polymeric nanocapsules administered intranasally is investigated in the current study. Polymeric nanocapsules were prepared utilizing the nanoprecipitation technique. The best …

A Longitudinal Observational Study Of Medical Cannabis Use And Polypharmacy Among Patients Presenting To Dispensaries In Pennsylvania, Emily R. Hajjar, Allison Herens, Erin L. Kelly, Kayla Madden, Jessica M. Lungen, Brooke K. Worster

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

Background: Cannabis use is increasing among adults to treat a variety of health conditions. Given the potential for interactions and adverse events, it is important to assess the use of medical cannabis along with other concomitant medications when assessing for polypharmacy. Methods: The objective of this observational, longitudinal study was to examine medical cannabis (MC) use along with concomitant medications over 12 months in patients with serious medical conditions enrolled in the Pennsylvania (PA) Department of Health’s (DOH) Medical Marijuana Program and to collect and catalog which forms of MC patients are taking along with their concomitant medications. Results: There …

Design And Synthesis Of Substituted N,3,3-Triphenylpropanamide And 1-Benzhydryl-N-Phenylazetidine-3-Carboxamide Analogs And Their Biological Evaluation, Michael Dorogan

Theses and Dissertations

As D₁R agonism has significant implications in the treatment of cognitive deficits, we sought to develop novel D₁R PAMs, through the derigidification of BMS D₁R PAM hit compound. While we were able to synthesize derigidified analogs of the BMS hit compound, derigidification did not produce active D₁R ligands.

Characterization, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Phragmanthera Austroarabica A. G. Mill And J. A. Nyberg Extract, Shady Swidan, Dina Khodeer, Sarah Shabayek, Ali Nasr, Roaa Khinkar, Mohammed Aldurdunji, Maryam Ramadan, Jihan Badr

Pharmacy

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that exhibited great expansion all over the world. It is becoming an epidemic disease adding a major burden to the health care system, particularly in developing countries.

Methods: The plant under investigation in the current study Phragmanthera austroarabica A. G. Mill and J. A. Nyberg is traditionally used in Saudi Arabia for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The methanolic extract (200 mg/kg) of the plant and pure gallic acid (40 mg/kg), a major metabolite of the plant, as well as their silver nanoparticle formulae (AgNPs) were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity.

Results …

Everything Won’T Be Okay: The Impact Of Therapists’ Justification Of The Mental Healthcare System On Their Racially Minoritized Patients, Rachel Ruth Buxbaum

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Despite advances in mitigating explicit biases, research finds that therapists’ implicit bias has not significantly decreased in magnitude or impact on their clinical work over the past several decades. This bias propels, among other harms, misdiagnosis and overdiagnosis, weaker therapeutic alliances, poorer quality of care, and re-activation of racialized trauma among patients of color. Because of these disparities, many individuals develop experience-based cultural mistrust toward the healthcare system, which clinicians often misinterpret as psychopathology, perpetuating the mistreatment-to-mistrust cycle. This dissertation was the first to apply system justification theory to clinical process research, investigating whether and how therapists’ justification of the …

Effects Of Disulfiram On The Metabolome Of Mrsa, Surya Teja Naidu

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Disulfiram, known as Antabuse®, is an oral drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Previous studies have indicated that disulfiram (DSF) exhibits antibacterial effects, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our study delves into the antibacterial mechanism of DSF in MRSA through High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) metabolomics, investigating the underlying mechanism of DSF effects on thiamine and amino acid metabolism. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) plays a crucial role as a cofactor for critical enzymes such as transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. These enzymes are integral to the carbohydrate metabolism process within bacterial cells. TPP also contributes …

Calcium Involvement In The Mechanism Of Action Of Limonene As A Penetration Enhancer For Topical/Transdermal Drug Products, Rucha Suresh Pathak

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

The addition of chemical permeation enhancers (CPE) to a topical dermatological formulation is the prevalent approach to improve permeability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) across the stratum corneum. Terpenes have been used as CPEs for a long time since they are safe and non-irritating. Limonene is one such terpene majorly found in essential oils extracted from citrus fruits and many varieties of cannabis. Studies performed using Limonene as PE show that Limonene was able to increase the flux of the drug by many folds. Limonene acts as an agonist to transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptor – the activity …

Investigation Of Dosing Interval Differences For Nepafenac Ophthalmic Suspensions: A Suspension-Specific Pbpk Model With Improved In Vitro Dissolution Data, Xu Sun

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Nepafenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the treatment of inflammation associated with cataract surgery. It is marketed as two ophthalmic suspensions—NEVANAC® (0.1% administered three times a day) and ILEVRO® (0.3% administered once a day). The primary mediator of pain relief is amfenac, which is a metabolite of nepafenac. The primary goal of this project was to explain how was the dosing interval affected by changes in formulation properties. The approach incorporated three novel elements. 1) A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that is specific to this application for nepafenac and amfenac was constructed, which allowed tracking the specific …