Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Potential Of Biduri Fiber (Calotropis Gigantea) As Material For Oil Spill Absorbent, Anne Sukmawati, Wulan Septiani

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Biduri fiber (Calotropis gigantea) is a natural hollow fiber with hydrophobic and oleophilic properties potentially used as oil spilled sorbent from seawater. This study aims to determine the absorption capacity and efficiency of the Biduri fiber and membrane to fuel oil. Measurement of oil absorption to seawater was carried out at various fiber weights (0.5-1.5 g), fiber composition (50-95%), contact time (10-90 minutes), temperature (30 and 50°C), and compared with commercial products. The results showed that the fiber weight variation of 0.5-1.5 g has an average absorption efficiency of 96.67%, and the highest absorption was obtained in a weight of …

Characterisation And Antibacterial Activity Of Green Tea Extract-Enriched Solid Goat’S Milk Soap, Uswatun Chasanah, Dian Ermawati, Dwi Putri Utami, Angela Nora Hayati

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Solid goat’s milk soap is organic and beneficial for the health and appearance of the skin. One of the components in green tea known to display antibacterial activities is epigallocatechin gallate (ECGC). In this study, the effects of solid goat’s milk soap containing 1%, 2%, and 4% green tea extract on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were examined. The soap was characterized for its organoleptic, pH, free fatty acid, alkalinity, water content, foam stability, and hardness. In addition, an in vitro antimicrobial test was performed utilising the well-diffusion method. The findings revealed that all the …

Formulation Of Pectin-Based Double Layer-Coated Tablets Containing Dexamethasone And Probiotics For Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Erny Sagita, Ronaldo Ongki Winata, Raditya Iswandana

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition in the colon that includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Dexamethasone is a steroid anti-inflammatory drug that can be used in IBD therapy. This study aims to obtain an optimum formulation of a dexamethasone drug delivery system for IBD treatment and to investigate its release profile based on an in vitro dissolution test. Dexamethasone was formulated as a double-coated tablet in combination with a probiotic L. acidophilus and B. longum mixture (1:1). The core tablets were produced using the wet granulation method, after which they were coated with pectin 4% b/v …

The Potential Application Of Clitoria Ternatea For Cancer Treatment, Anita Purnamayanti, Krisyanti Budipramana, Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The Clitoria ternatea flower, known as bunga telang in Indonesia, is commonly mixed with food and beverages to provide a natural blue colour. Aside from its popular culinary use, it is a traditional medicine in Indonesia for diseases in the eyes, urinary tract and skin, as well as functioning as an anti-toxin. Furthermore, recent advances in science and technology have revealed that the C. ternatea flower contains a high level of polyphenol compounds that possess anticancer activity, including saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, kaempferol, and quercetin. This review aims to identify and analyse recent articles regarding the phytochemical activities of C. …

Antiproliferative Activity Of Philippine Marine Sediment-Derived Actinomycetes, Jon Ray M. Maglonzo, Edna M. Sabido, Cristina C. Salibay, Doralyn S. Dalisay, Jonel P. Saludes

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The Philippine archipelago is rich in marine biodiversity and resources that are widely unexplored. Its marine sediments harbor marine microbes that possess secondary metabolites with potent bioactivities. This study aims to determine the antiproliferative activity of the crude extracts of selected Actinomycete isolates (DSD011, DSD017, and DSD042) from Islas de Gigantes, Carles, Iloilo. The antiproliferative screening was done using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. Crude extracts of isolates that are active in inhibiting the growth of S. cerevisiae were determined using the broth microdilution method. Afterward, the active extract was tested using antiproliferative and budding yeast assays. With the …

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant And Cytotoxic Activity Of Lannea Egregia Engl. & K. Krause Stem Bark Extracts, Seide M. Akoro, Mutiat A. Omotayo, Oyinlade C. Ogundare, Stemon A. Akpovwovwo, Gbemileke P. Bello

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

This study investigates the phytochemical contents, antioxidants and cytotoxic activities of Lannea egregia Engl. & K. Krause stem bark extracts. Secondary metabolites were extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol by successive maceration. The concentrated extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening using standard procedures. The crude flavonoid was obtained from the plant material using Harborne’s method and then profiled using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activities of the plant extract were assessed using reducing power assay and DPPH scavenging activity, while the cytotoxic activity was determined using the brine shrimp lethality assay. The crude extract of n-hexane or …

Potential Antihyperlipidemia Effect Of Lactoferrin In Hyperlipidemia-Induced Male Sprague–Dawley Rats, Louis Fabio Jonathan Jusni, Valencia Chandra, Tena Djuartina, Dion Notario, Zita Arieselia, Linawati Hananta

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a condition that is characterized as an increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood. Lactoferrin is a protein that can serve as an antioxidant. This study aims to determine whether lactoferrin can reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Methods: This study used 24 Sprague–Dawley rat strains, which were divided into six groups: normal group; negative control; positive control; and dose groups 1, 2, and 3. The normal group was given standard feed, whereas the other group was given high cholesterol and fat. The positive control group and dose groups 1, 2, and …

Synthesis Of Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Beads For Acetaminophen Delivery, Anesylvia Angan, Nonni Soraya Sambudi

Makara Journal of Science

Conventional drug delivery systems usually involve the intake of multiple drugs, which could amplify the risk of overdosing. Acetaminophen is a widely used pain relief substance that is prone to accidental overdosing. Hence, a controlled drug delivery system is needed to ensure its efficacy. A nanocomposite hydroxyapatite/alginate system that was used as a drug carrier for acetaminophen was synthesized through the sol-gel method, and the mechanism underlying its controlled drug delivery was investigated. Spherical nanocomposite bead samples were synthesized by incorporating 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% hydroxyapatite into mixtures containing alginate. The mixtures were then dropped into calcium …

Pharmacy Performance Based On Financial Perspective Before And During Covid-19 Pandemic : A Case Study, Eva Sartika Dasopang, Ida Fauziah, Fenny Hasanah, Desy Natalia Siahaan, Dina Yunisma Rasyida Lubis

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

A pharmacy, aside from being a pharmaceutical care provider is also a functioning business. Thus, in the scope of business, pharmacy performance can be analysed using liquidity, activity, and profitability ratios. This study aimed to determine the performance of Pharmacy X based on a financial perspective before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study that employed data obtained from sales and purchase records. The data were analysed using financial ratio analysis methods, including liquidity, activity, and profitability ratios. This study was conducted at Pharmacy X based on the amount of prescription and non-prescription income from …

The Association Between Adherence To Oral Antihyperglycemic Agent And Hba1c Level, Indana Ayu Soraya, Rani Sauriasari, Pukovisa Prawiroharjo, Hindun Wilda Risni

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Adherence to taking medication is essential for patients with chronic diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). There have been many studies about the association between medication adherence and HbA1c levels, but few have used Adherence Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) questionnaire and Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) method to measure adherence in Indonesian population. The aim of this study were to assess the association of medication adherence to HbA1c levels and compare two methods of adherence measurements. This research was conducted at Pasar Minggu Public Health Center, Jakarta using a cross-sectional design. The adherence assessment was conducted using …

Structural Elucidation And Toxicity Evaluation Of Bioactive Compounds From The Leaves And Stem Woods Of Synadenium Glaucescens Pax., David Credo, Faith Philemon Mabiki, Francis Machumi, Claus Cornett

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The leaves and stem woods of Synadenium glaucescens Pax. are traditionally used for treatment of various human diseases in Tanzania. However, there is limited information on the structural elucidation and toxicity properties of bioactive compounds responsible for their pharmacological properties. Thus, this study was aimed to elucidate and evaluate toxicity properties of bioactive compounds from these parts. Separation of bioactive compounds was achieved by using column chromatographic method, whereas their structures were determined by GC-MS and NMR data and by comparing with literature spectroscopic data. Toxicity properties of isolated compounds was done by brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. In …

Qualitative Evaluation Of Antibiotics Use With Gyssens Method In Sepsis Patients At Fatmawati Central General Hospital Jakarta, Mas Masyrifah, Retnosari Andrajati, Linda Triana Yudhorini

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Sepsis still becomes a major health problem worldwide, with a fairly high mortality rate ranging from 20 to 50%. Antibiotic therapy with rational use can reduce the mortality rate. In contrast, the irrational use of antibiotic therapy will increase the occurrence of resistance, which impacts the increase of morbidity, mortality, and health costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality in the use of antibiotics using the Gyssens method in patients with sepsis. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional method conducted at Fatmawati Central General Hospital Jakarta from January to December 2020. The research …

Discovery Of Sars-Cov-2 Rna-Dependent-Rna-Polymerase (Rdrp) Inhibitor From Sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata) Based On Molecular Docking And Admet Prediction Approach, Dina Ahsana, Rizki Rahmadi Pratama, Alfisyahriatunnida Meily, Andika Andika

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to the development of therapeutic inhibitor drug of SARS-CoV-2, which can inhibit the viral enzyme RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp), thereby preventing the replication, transcription, and synthesis of RNA virus in the host cells. Previous in-vitro studies revealed that Andrographis paniculata has the potential to inhibit the virus. Therefore, this study aims to isolate the specific compounds of Andrographis paniculata, which play a role in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 RdRp using molecular docking. A total of 19 compounds were identified in previous literature studies, while remdesivir and favipiravir were used as the positive …

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant And Anticancer Effects Of Clitoria Ternatae Extract On Breast T47d Cancer Cells, Ade Arsianti, Shahjahan Pasha Mahindra, Norma Nur Azizah, Ajeng Megawati Fajrin, Lince Dameria Nadapdap

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadly forms of cancer in the world. Cancer is a multi-factorial disease. Genetic factors, environment and lifestyle have a role in the development of cancer. One of the mechanisms of cancer development is when an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the human body occurs. Uncontrolled and excessive amount of free radicals and cause cell damage and uncontrolled cell growth. Clitoria ternate is a plant that is often found in Asia and many of the benefits of this flower have been studied. This study aims to determine the phytochemical …

Phytochemical Screening And In-Vitro Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Analysis Of Ethanol Extract Of Mangifera Quadrifida, Fadilah Fadilah

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by B cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, or both. Indonesia and worldwide have an increasing incidence that leads to a significant socio-economic burden. The effective treatment of Type 2 DM with minimal side effects is still challenging. This research aims to identify phytochemical properties in ethanol extract of Mangifera quadrifida and the effectivity as an alfa-glucosidase inhibitor beneficial to research on the treatment of type 2 DM.

Method: Mangifera quadrifida was extracted by ethanol as solvent. The phytochemical analysis is conducted by phytochemical screening methods and …

Increasing Rosella Farmers Capacity By Double Diamond Design Thinking Approach, Florence Pribadi, Muliasari Kartikawati, Juli Karijati Njoto, Nurul Illahi Kusuma Sari, Farah Shania Nur

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) is a well-known family medicinal plant (Toga). Spoilage due to the weather, and the consequent low revenue gained from selling dried rosella are two of the main challenges currently being encountered by rosella farmers. Regardless of previously practicing community engagement including regular training from local authorities, farmers are still encountering difficulties to implement the training materials, consequently experiencing loss. Method incorporated in this community engagement is the double diamond design thinking that ensures putting the farmers first in all stages. Method chosen for drying rosella was a mixed solar dryer equipped with heating lamps …

Jatropha Tanjorensis A Flora Of Southeast Nigeria: Isolation And Characterization Of Naringenin And Validation Of Bio-Enhanced Synergistical Activity Of Α- Tocopherol Toward Clinical Isolates Of Resistant Bacterial, Ikechukwu Kingsley Ijoma, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe

Makara Journal of Science

Jatropha tanjorensis is among the rich floras of Southeast Nigeria and used by ethnic people to treat infections and manage health conditions. Ethnomedicine has long been employed in the treatment of ailments caused by bacterial pathogens. Studies showed that the incorporation of synthetic α-tocopherol to an antibacterial agent improves its activity. However, knowledge about the antibacterial-enhanced activity of plant-based α-tocopherols, especially those isolated from Jatropha tanjorensis, is limited because of the different bioactivities of synthetic and natural α-tocopherols. To determine the phytochemicals in J. tanjorensis, we carried out the structural elucidation of its leaf extracts. Naringenin and α-tocopherol …

Mitragyna Speciosa As A Potential Substitute Therapy In Opioid Dependence: A Case Report, Karniza Khalid, Jason S.K. Wong, Ruzita Jamaluddin

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Preclinical data have consistently suggested the pharmaceutical potential of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), including as a substitute therapy in opioid dependence. In this case report, we present a case of a man with a long history of kratom use to help him cope with his opiate withdrawals while abstaining from illicit drug use. This is the first published detailed case report highlighting the potential use of kratom to aid opioid dependence encountered in the clinical setting. Our article is also supported by literature review with regards to kratom’s safety profile and pharmacological potential.

Association Of Environmental Pollutants Exposure With Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Mini Review Of Molecular Mechanism Mediated, Soni Siswanto, Bantari W.K. Wardhani

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Pulmonary fibrosis is a specific form of chronic progressive interstitial lung disease. Deposition of extracellular matrix, mainly collagen, is the pathogenic characteristic of pulmonary fibrosis. Many reports show that environmental pollutants, particularly asbestos, silica, mercury, cadmium, and benzo(a)pyrene, are contributed in the etiology of lung injury and a risk factor in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in humans. Based on its physicochemical properties, environmental pollutant-induced pulmonary fibrosis can be developed after a particular type or dose of exposure. To date, some studies have focused on variant pollutants that are induced. However, the molecular mechanism of various pollutants to …

Challenge And Development Strategy For Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery System, Raditya Iswandana, Kurnia Sari Setio Putri, Fathia Amalia Putri, Maxius Gunawan, Sekar Arum Larasati

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery System (CTDDS) is able to improve local therapeutic effects in the treatment of colon-specific diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). A colon can also be a suitable site for systemic delivery of drugs susceptible to extreme gastric pH, such as peptides and protein therapeutics. The physiological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and the physicochemical properties of drugs are being considered to develop strategies and approaches to overcome emerging challenges. This review will discuss factors, challenges, strategies, and approaches to developing a colon-targeted drug delivery system.

Crispr/Cas9 Genome Editing: Future Treatment Of Duane Retraction Syndrome, Muhammad Raihan Zulfikar, Editha Renesteen, Bantari W.K. Wardhani

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS) is characterized by limited eye movement. One of its causes is a mutation in the CHN1, MAFB, or SALL4 gene. Nowadays, the treatment for DRS is limited to glasses, occlusion, and surgery. However, this treatment has not been able to cure the disease’s hereditary issue. Another strategy to be considered for the treatment is CRISPR/Cas9, a tool for performing gene editing with a wide range of applications, including treating genetic diseases. We made sgRNA as a first step in using CRISPR/Cas9 as a treatment for DRS in silico using the CCTop website. By computing sgRNA, conducting …

Identification Of Community Knowledge On Lead Contamination And Analysis Of Lead Level In Fish, Sita Nurwulan, Sophi Damayanti, Lia Amalia

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Poisoning is an event of human exposure to poisonous substances that are harmful to the body at certain doses. Lead is a heavy metal that can cause toxicity, including neurotoxic effects, hypertension, digestive system disorders, bone and tooth growth disorders, immune system disorders, infertility, and fetal disorders. Fish is a source of nutrients that are often consumed by people, however can also accumulate lead. This study aimed to analyze the lead level in fish and identify the community knowledge level regarding lead contamination in fish. Identification of community knowledge levels regarding lead. Identification of community knowledge levels regarding lead contamination …

Antihypertensive And Antioxidant Activity Of Herbal Medicine (Jamu) B On Rats Induced By 10% Fructose, Aprilita Rina Yanti Eff, Reza Ayu Pertiwi, Hermanus Ehe Hurit, Sri Teguh Rahayu, Yonatan Eden

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Prolonged fructose intake can activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and enhance oxidative stress conditions, causing hypertension and hyperuricemia. This study aimed to determine the antihypertensive and antioxidant activity of Jamu B on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidneys of Sprague Dawley rats induced by 10% fructose. Thirty rats were divided into six groups. Groups B1-B3 were Jamu groups at a dose of 0.12 g/kg BW (B1), 0.24 g/kg BW (B2), and 0.36 g/kg BW (B3); group C (positive control) was given captopril 0.1 g/kg BW, group D (negative control) was given only 10% …

In Vitro Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities Of Sorindeia Madagascariensis And Albizia Harveyi Stem Barks, Paul Malaba Makoye, Sunday Mrutu, Innocent John Daniel, Mourice Nyangabo Mbunde, Joseph Sempombe, Veronica Mugoyela

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The emerging multi-drug-resistant pathogens urge continuous searches for new antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the stem barks of two plants, Sorindeia madagascariensis and Albizia harveyi. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of hydroethanolic extracts of the stem barks against selected bacteria and fungi. Both plant extracts exhibited activity against all tested microorganisms and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against bacteria and fungi were from 1.67 to 5.00 mg/mL and from 1.67 to 10.00 mg/mL, respectively. This study reports the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the …

The Effect Of Heparinoid As Systemic Prophylactic Anticoagulants On Covid-19 Patient Mortality And Its Safety Profiles: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Ariska Deffy Anggarany, Rani Sauriasari, Muhammad Alkaff, Famila Takhwifa, Hayatun Nufus, Diana Paramita

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Coagulopathy is one of the complications of COVID-19 and is associated with a higher risk of mortality. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant therapy in various doses among COVID-19 patients is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to review and explore the effect of using heparinoids as a systemic anticoagulant at prophylactic doses on mortality in COVID-19 patients. Systematic searches were conducted of various databases (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Scopus, and ProQuest) covering the period 2019-2021. We assessed the quality of the articles using the STROBE checklist. Studies with a high risk of bias were excluded before …

Effect Of Propolis On Bone Quality And Cortical Bone Thickness Of Ovariectomized Female Wistar White Rats As A Model For Osteoporosis, Dian Ayu Juwita, Almahdy Ahmadin, Fitri Rachmaini, Rahmad Abdillah, Rosalia Medisa Fatma

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Estrogen deficiency increases the rate of osteoporosis, especially in menopausal women, by altering the bone tissue microarchitecture. Propolis has compounds that could be used as an alternative therapy to treat estrogen deficiency and to protect against bone damage. This study aims to determine the effect of propolis on bone quality and cortical bone thickness of femoral metaphysis in ovariectomized female Wistar white rats as a model for menopausal osteoporosis. The rats were divided into five groups: negative control group (not subjected to ovariectomy), sham group (subjected to ovariectomy), and treatment groups that were subjected to ovariectomy and given propolis orally …

The Effect Of Pre-Extraction Preparation On Antioxidant Compounds Of Sauropus Androgynus (L.) Merr. Leaves Extracts, Ni Putu Ermi Hikmawanti, Sofia Fatmawati, Zainal Arifin, Niken Cahyaningrum, Muhammad Arif Fauzan

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. (Phyllanthaceae) is a green vegetable. It is rich in natural antioxidant compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids. The pre-extraction preparation can affect the results of extracting compounds from natural materials. This study aims to determine the effect of pre-extraction procedures, including sample form (fresh/dried), drying process (oven-drying/indirect sunlight-drying/air-drying), and particle size (ground/powdered) on total phenolic and flavonoid levels of ethanolic extracts of S. androgynus leaves and their antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals. S. androgynus leaves were extracted using the cold maceration method. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were determined by the colorimetric …

The Benefits Of Astaxanthin To Improve Pain Relief In Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial, Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon, Mary Rose Angelina Budi Harsana

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Treatment of diabetic neuropathy is still carried out by providing symptomatic therapy, which only improves ± 50% of the total symptoms felt by patients, but does not tackle the underlying causes of the disease. Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic carotenoid that could be an additional treatment option. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of administering astaxanthin as an additional therapy to improve the impact of pain and discomfort experienced daily by diabetes mellitus patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. We conducted a randomized experimental study with an open label design of 36 patients who had been diagnosed with …

Comparative Analytical Study Of Phytochemicals In Selected Antidiabetic Medicinal Plant Seeds In Sri Lanka, Gowri Rajkumar, Mihiri Rangika Jayasinghe, Vinotha Sanmugarajah

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Medicinal plants are universally used in the management of various diseases in different medical practices. A varied diversity of compounds extracted from plants may show anticancer, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. Comparative laboratory studies and scientific approach of efficacy related to phytochemicals found in medicinal plants in Sri Lanka have not been reported yet. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemicals in selected four different plant seeds such as Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Brassica alba (L.) Rabenh, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. and Nigella sativa L., which are used in the management of diabetes mellitus in Sri Lanka. The ethanol extracts of …

Insights Into Molecular Interaction Of Flavonoid Compounds In Citrus Peel Bound To Collagenase And Elastase Enzymes: A Computational Study, Sani Ega Priani, Taufik Muhammad Fakih

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Citrus peels contain various phytochemical active compounds such as flavonoids that are useful for antiaging cosmetic products. This study was conducted to identify the anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities of flavonoid compounds in citrus peel and to determine the molecular interaction mechanism using the molecular docking method. The study was carried out through several stages, including preparation of enzyme macromolecules, preparation of flavonoid compound molecules, validation of molecular docking, identification of binding-free energy, visualization of interaction conformations, and predictions of molecular skin toxicity. The result showed that the flavonoid compounds in citrus peel (hesperidin, naringin, nobiletin, and tangeretin) could bind to …