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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Evaluating Forensic Dna Evidence: Essential Elements Of A Competent Defense Review, Dan E. Krane Nov 2004

Evaluating Forensic Dna Evidence: Essential Elements Of A Competent Defense Review, Dan E. Krane

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Contribution Of Executive Functions To Emergent Mathematic Skills In Preschool Children, Kimberly Espy, Melanie D. Mcdiarmid, Mary F. Cwik, Melissa Meade Stalets, Arlena Hamby, Theresa E. Senn Nov 2004

The Contribution Of Executive Functions To Emergent Mathematic Skills In Preschool Children, Kimberly Espy, Melanie D. Mcdiarmid, Mary F. Cwik, Melissa Meade Stalets, Arlena Hamby, Theresa E. Senn

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

Mathematical ability is related to both activation of the prefrontal cortex in neuroimaging studies of adults and to executive functions in school-age children. The purpose of this study was to determine whether executive functions were related to emergent mathematical proficiency in preschool children. Preschool children (N= 96) were administered an executive function battery that was reduced empirically to working memory (WM), inhibitory control (IC), and shifting abilities by calculating composite scores derived from principal component analysis. Both WM and IC predicted early arithmetic competency, with the observed relations robust after controlling statistically for child age, maternal education, and child vocabulary. …

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Role Of A Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocyte Epitope-Defined, Alternative Gag Open Reading Frame In The Pathogenesis Of A Murine Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Arti Gaur, William R. Green Nov 2004

Role Of A Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocyte Epitope-Defined, Alternative Gag Open Reading Frame In The Pathogenesis Of A Murine Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Arti Gaur, William R. Green

Dartmouth Scholarship

LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus-infected C57BL/6 mice develop profound immunodeficiency and B-cell lymphomas. The LP-BM5 complex contains a mixture of defective (BM5def) and replication-competent helper viruses among which BM5def is the primary causative agent of disease. The BM5def primary open reading frame (ORF1) encodes the single gag precursor protein (Pr60gag). Our lab has recently demonstrated that a novel immunodominant cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope (SYNTGRFPPL) is expressed from a +1-nucleotide translational open reading frame of BM5def during the course of normal retrovirus expression. The SYNTGRFPPL CTL epitope may be generated from either of two initiation methionines present, ORF2a or ORF2b, located …

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The Development Of A Trial Making Test In Young Children: The Trails-P, Kimberly Espy, Mary F. Cwik Nov 2004

The Development Of A Trial Making Test In Young Children: The Trails-P, Kimberly Espy, Mary F. Cwik

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

Preschool children have a more limited verbal repertoire, less proficient manual skills, and more variable attention spans relative to those of school age, with comparatively few neuropsychological tasks available for use in this age range. A prototypic neuropsychological test, the Trail Making Test, was adapted for use with young children, the TRAILS-P, using a developmentally salient storybook format with colorful stimuli in differing conditions with varying executive demands. The TRAILS-P was administered to 103 normally developing preschoolers between 2 and 6 years of age; 30 of these children were retested within one month to determine test reliability. Correlations among latencies …

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Using Developmental, Cognitive, And Neuroscience Approaches To Understand Executive Control In Young Children, K. A. Espy Nov 2004

Using Developmental, Cognitive, And Neuroscience Approaches To Understand Executive Control In Young Children, K. A. Espy

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

The 7 articles in this special issue address the nature of executive control in young children. Executive control is framed in a developmental context, where the unique aspects of cognition in this age range are considered. The set of articles demonstrates the multidisciplinary approaches to study cognition in young children that includes application of cognitive, neuroscience, and developmental paradigms in typically developing youngsters, as well as those affected by clinical conditions, such as traumatic brain injury, exposure to low levels of lead in the environment, and prematurity. Although much work remains to be done, these study results are illustrative of …

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Executive Function In Preschool Children: Examination Through Everyday Behavior, P. K. Isquith, G. Gioia, K. A. Espy Nov 2004

Executive Function In Preschool Children: Examination Through Everyday Behavior, P. K. Isquith, G. Gioia, K. A. Espy

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

Clinical assessment of executive function in preschool-age children is challenging given limited availability of standardized tasks and preschoolers' variable ability to participate in lengthy formal evaluation procedures. Given the benefits of ecological validity of measuring behavior by rating scales, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (Gioia, Isquith, Guy, & Kenworthy, 2000) was modified for use with children ages 2 through 5 years to assess executive functions in an everyday context. The scale development process, based on samples of 460 parents and 302 teachers, yielded a single 63-item measure with 5 related, but nonoverlapping, scales, with good internal consistency and …

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Using Path Analysis To Understand Executive Function Organization In Preschool Children, T. E. Senn, K. A. Espy, P. M. Kaufmann Nov 2004

Using Path Analysis To Understand Executive Function Organization In Preschool Children, T. E. Senn, K. A. Espy, P. M. Kaufmann

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

There continues to be no consensus definition of executive functions. One way to understand different executive function components is to study abilities at their emergence, that is, early in development, and use advanced statistical methods to understand the interrelations among executive processes. However, to fully determine the constructs of interest, these methods often require complete data on a large battery of tasks, which are difficult to obtain with young children. Path analysis is an alternative statistical technique that requires only a single measure of each construct, yet still allows researchers to investigate complex relations among measures, to compare nested models, …

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A Comparison Of Performance On The Towers Of London And Hanoi In Young Children, Rebecca Bull, Kimberly A. Espy, Theresa E. Senn Nov 2004

A Comparison Of Performance On The Towers Of London And Hanoi In Young Children, Rebecca Bull, Kimberly A. Espy, Theresa E. Senn

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

The Towers of London (TOL) and Hanoi (TOH) have been viewed as equivalent measures of planning and/or problem solving, although recent evidence in adults suggests that the underlying measurement characteristics of these two tasks may differ. As tower tasks are one of the few instruments that can be used to assess executive functioning in young children, the cognitive demands for both tasks merit further examination. Methods: The relation among tower tasks and those of short-term memory, inhibition, and shifting ability were examined in a sample of 118 typically developing young children (M age = 4 years, 9 months, SD = …

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Development Of Auditory Event-Related Potentials In Young Children And Relations To Word-Level Reading Abilities At Age 8 Years, Kimberly Espy, Dennis L. Molfese, Victoria J. Molfese, Arlene Modglin Nov 2004

Development Of Auditory Event-Related Potentials In Young Children And Relations To Word-Level Reading Abilities At Age 8 Years, Kimberly Espy, Dennis L. Molfese, Victoria J. Molfese, Arlene Modglin

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

A relationship between brain responses at birth and later emerging language and reading skills have been shown, but questions remain whether changes in brain responses after birth continue to predict the mastery of language-related skills such as reading development. To determine whether developmental changes in the brain-based perceptual skills are systematically related to differences in word-level reading proficiency at age 8 years, brain event-related potentials (ERPs) to speech and nonspeech stimuli were recorded annually at the ages of 1 through 8 years in a sample of 109 typically developing children. Two measures of word-level reading (one that requires decoding of …

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Multiple Roles Of Mucins In Pancreatic Cancer, A Lethal And Challenging Malignancy., N. Moniaux, M. Andrianifahanana, R. E. Brand, Surinder K. Batra Nov 2004

Multiple Roles Of Mucins In Pancreatic Cancer, A Lethal And Challenging Malignancy., N. Moniaux, M. Andrianifahanana, R. E. Brand, Surinder K. Batra

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mucins are members of an expanding family of large multifunctional glycoproteins. Pancreatic mucins have important biological functions, including the protection, lubrication, and moisturisation of the surfaces of epithelial tissues lining ductal structures within the pancreas. Several lines of evidence support the notion that deregulated mucin production is a hallmark of inflammatory and neoplastic disorders of the pancreas. Herein, we discuss the factors that contribute to the lethality of pancreatic cancer as well as the key role played by mucins, particularly MUC1 and MUC4, in the development and progression of the disease. Aspects pertaining to the aberrant expression and glycosylation of …

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Evaluating Forensic Dna Evidence, Dan E. Krane Oct 2004

Evaluating Forensic Dna Evidence, Dan E. Krane

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Forensic Dna Evidence: Collection, Mixtures, And Degradation, Dan E. Krane Oct 2004

Forensic Dna Evidence: Collection, Mixtures, And Degradation, Dan E. Krane

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Inhibition Of Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis By Targeting Splice Variants Of Bim Mrna With Small Interfering Rna And Short Hairpin Rna., Marc T. Abrams, Noreen M. Robertson, Kyonggeun Yoon, Eric Wickstrom Oct 2004

Inhibition Of Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis By Targeting Splice Variants Of Bim Mrna With Small Interfering Rna And Short Hairpin Rna., Marc T. Abrams, Noreen M. Robertson, Kyonggeun Yoon, Eric Wickstrom

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Glucocorticoids (GCs) induce apoptosis in lymphocytes and are effective agents for the treatment of leukemia. The activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) initiates a transcriptional program leading to caspase activation and cell death, but the critical signaling intermediates in GC-induced apoptosis remain largely undefined. We have observed that GC induction of the three major protein products of the Bcl-2 relative Bim (BimEL, BimS and BimL) correlates with GC sensitivity in a panel of human pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines. To test the hypothesis that Bim facilitates GC-induced apoptosis, we reduced BIM mRNA levels and Bim protein levels by RNA interference …

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Myelin Proteolipid Protein-Specific Cd4+ Cd25+ Regulatory Cells Mediate Genetic Resistance To Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Jay Reddy, Zsolt Illés, Xingmin Zhang, Jeffrey Encinas, Jason Pyrdol, Lindsay Nicholson, Raymond A. Sobel, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, Vijay K. Kuchroo, James P. Allison Oct 2004

Myelin Proteolipid Protein-Specific Cd4+ Cd25+ Regulatory Cells Mediate Genetic Resistance To Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Jay Reddy, Zsolt Illés, Xingmin Zhang, Jeffrey Encinas, Jason Pyrdol, Lindsay Nicholson, Raymond A. Sobel, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, Vijay K. Kuchroo, James P. Allison

Jay Reddy Publications

SJL mice are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced with myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) peptide 139–151, whereas H-2 congenic B10.S mice are resistant. Immunodominance and susceptibility to EAE are associated with a high precursor frequency of PLP 139–151-specific T cells in the naive repertoire of SJL mice. To understand the mechanism of EAE resistance in B10.S mice, we determined the precursor frequency of PLP 139–151-reactive T cells in both strains by using IAs/PLP 139–151 tetramers. SJL and B10.S mice had similar frequencies of tetramer-reactive T cells in the naive peripheral repertoire. However, in SJL mice, the …

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Differential Expression Of Toll-Like Receptors 2 And 4 In Tissues Of The Human Female Reproductive Tract, Patricia A. Pioli, Eyal Amiel, Todd M. Schaefer, John E. Connolly, Charles R. Wira, Paul M. Guyre Oct 2004

Differential Expression Of Toll-Like Receptors 2 And 4 In Tissues Of The Human Female Reproductive Tract, Patricia A. Pioli, Eyal Amiel, Todd M. Schaefer, John E. Connolly, Charles R. Wira, Paul M. Guyre

Dartmouth Scholarship

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal transduction is a central component of the innate immune response to pathogenic challenge. Although recent studies have begun to elucidate differences in acquired immunity in tissues of the human female reproductive tract, there is a relative paucity of work regarding innate defense mechanisms. We investigated TLR mRNA and protein expression in tissues of the human female reproductive tract. Constitutive mRNA expression of TLRs 1 to 6 was observed in fallopian tubes, uterine endometrium, cervix, and ectocervix. Furthermore, transcripts of the signaling adapter MyD88 and the accessory molecule CD14 were also detected in all tissues assayed. Quantitative …

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T-Cell Responses To The M3 Immune Evasion Protein Of Murid Gammaherpesvirus 68 Are Partially Protective And Induced With Lytic Antigen Kinetics, Joshua J. Obar, Douglas C. Donovan, Sarah G. Crist, Ondine Silvia, James P. Stewart, Edward J. Usherwood Oct 2004

T-Cell Responses To The M3 Immune Evasion Protein Of Murid Gammaherpesvirus 68 Are Partially Protective And Induced With Lytic Antigen Kinetics, Joshua J. Obar, Douglas C. Donovan, Sarah G. Crist, Ondine Silvia, James P. Stewart, Edward J. Usherwood

Dartmouth Scholarship

DNA vaccination with the M3 gene, encoding an immune evasion molecule expressed during both the acute lytic and persistent phases of murid gammaherpesvirus 68 infection, yielded a significantly lower titer of virus in the lung than controls. The protection seen was dependent on T cells, and we mapped an epitope recognized by CD8 T cells. The immune response to this epitope follows the same kinetics as lytic cycle antigens, despite the fact that this gene is expressed in both lytic and persistent stages of infection. This has important implications for our understanding of T-cell responses to putative latency-associated gammaherpesvirus proteins …

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A Vibrio Cholerae Classical Tcpa Amino Acid Sequence Induces Protective Antibody That Binds An Area Hypothesized To Be Important For Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Structure, Ronald K. Taylor, Thomas J. Kirn, Michael D. Meeks, Terri K. Wade, William F. Wade Oct 2004

A Vibrio Cholerae Classical Tcpa Amino Acid Sequence Induces Protective Antibody That Binds An Area Hypothesized To Be Important For Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Structure, Ronald K. Taylor, Thomas J. Kirn, Michael D. Meeks, Terri K. Wade, William F. Wade

Dartmouth Scholarship

Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium that has been associated with cholera pandemics since the early 1800s. Whole-cell, killed, and live-attenuated oral cholera vaccines are in use. We and others have focused on the development of a subunit cholera vaccine that features standardized epitopes from various V. cholerae macromolecules that are known to induce protective antibody responses. TcpA protein is assembled into toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), a type IVb pilus required for V. cholerae colonization, and thus is a strong candidate for a cholera subunit vaccine. Polypeptides (24 to 26 amino acids) in TcpA that can induce protective antibody responses have …

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Attitudes And Practices Of Postgraduate Medical Trainees Towards Research--A Snapshot From Faisalabad, F Aslam, M A. Qayyum, H Mahmud, R Qasim, I U. Haque Oct 2004

Attitudes And Practices Of Postgraduate Medical Trainees Towards Research--A Snapshot From Faisalabad, F Aslam, M A. Qayyum, H Mahmud, R Qasim, I U. Haque

Medical College Documents

Objective: To assess the attitudes and practices of postgraduate medical trainees towards research.Methods: It was a self-administered questionnaire based cross-sectional survey conducted on 55 conveniently selected trainees in Allied Hospital, Faisalabad.Results: Only 11 trainees read journals monthly, seven had written an article for a journal, 51 regarded reading literature important, 39 intended to engage in future research and 37 said they received inappropriate research training. The major reasons cited for poor research activity in Pakistan were poor research training and awareness.CONCLUSION: Though the attitudes towards research were positive, they were deficient practically in terms of reading and writing literature. There …

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Multiple Mechanisms Regulate Numa Dynamics At Spindle Poles, Olga Kisurina-Evgenieva, Gary Mack, Quansheng Du, Ian Macara, Alexey Khodjakov, Duane A. Compton Sep 2004

Multiple Mechanisms Regulate Numa Dynamics At Spindle Poles, Olga Kisurina-Evgenieva, Gary Mack, Quansheng Du, Ian Macara, Alexey Khodjakov, Duane A. Compton

Dartmouth Scholarship

The large coiled-coil protein NuMA plays an essential role in organizing microtubule minus ends at spindle poles in vertebrate cells. Here, we use both in vivo and in vitro methods to examine NuMA dynamics at mitotic spindle poles. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we show that an exogenously expressed green-fluorescent-protein/NuMA fusion undergoes continuous exchange between soluble and spindle-associated pools in living cells. These dynamics require cellular energy and display an average half-time for fluorescence recovery of approximately 3 minutes. To explore how NuMA dynamics at spindle poles is regulated, we exploited the association of NuMA with microtubule asters formed in …

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Il-2 Receptor Signaling Regulates Ets1 Translation In Human Natural Killer Cells, Eric M. Grund Sep 2004

Il-2 Receptor Signaling Regulates Ets1 Translation In Human Natural Killer Cells, Eric M. Grund

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Natural Killer (NK) cells are critical for protection from cancer and infectious disease. The hypothesis that there is a molecular link between IL-2 receptor signaling and Ets1 was investigated. This hypothesis was based on the correlation between an NK-deficient phenotype generated by gene targeting of the Ets1 transcription factor, IL-2 receptor, IL-2 and IL-15, indicating that each of these proteins is required for the proper development and function of NK cells. The findings presented show that both IL-2 and IL-15 induce a post-transcriptional regulation of Ets1 in NK cells. Pharmacological and transient transfection analyses, using a method developed within to …

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Waccnes Containing Bovine Herpe Svirus 1 Attenuated By Mutation In Latency-Related Gene, Clinton J. Jones Sep 2004

Waccnes Containing Bovine Herpe Svirus 1 Attenuated By Mutation In Latency-Related Gene, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Vaccines for pathogenic Strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) which are based on attenuated BHV-1 having a mutation in the latency-related gene are provided. Live, attenuated vaccines are also provided which express anti gens from other viral or bacterial pathogens and thus form the basis of a variety of vaccines.

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Heme Oxygenase-2 Gene Deletion Attenuates Oxidative Stress In Neurons Exposed To Extracellular Hemin., Raymond F Regan, Jing Chen, Luna Benvenisti-Zarom Sep 2004

Heme Oxygenase-2 Gene Deletion Attenuates Oxidative Stress In Neurons Exposed To Extracellular Hemin., Raymond F Regan, Jing Chen, Luna Benvenisti-Zarom

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Hemin, the oxidized form of heme, accumulates in intracranial hematomas and is a potent oxidant. Growing evidence suggests that it contributes to delayed injury to surrounding tissue, and that this process is affected by the heme oxygenase enzymes. In a prior study, heme oxygenase-2 gene deletion increased the vulnerability of cultured cortical astrocytes to hemin. The present study tested the effect of HO-2 gene deletion on protein oxidation, reactive oxygen species formation, and cell viability after mixed cortical neuron/astrocyte cultures were incubated with neurotoxic concentrations of hemin. RESULTS: Continuous exposure of wild-type cultures to 1-10 microM hemin for 14 …

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Amyloid Directly Inhibits Human Alpha4beta2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Heterologously Expressed In Human Sh-Ep1 Cells, J. Wu, Y-P Kuo, L. Xu, J. B. Eaton, L. Zhao, J. Wu, R. J. Lukas Sep 2004

Amyloid Directly Inhibits Human Alpha4beta2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Heterologously Expressed In Human Sh-Ep1 Cells, J. Wu, Y-P Kuo, L. Xu, J. B. Eaton, L. Zhao, J. Wu, R. J. Lukas

Osteopathic Medicine, Jerry M. Wallace School of

No abstract provided.

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Cd4+ T Cells In The Pathogenesis Of Murine Ocular Toxoplasmosis, Fangli Lu, Shiguang Huang, Lloyd H. Kasper Sep 2004

Cd4+ T Cells In The Pathogenesis Of Murine Ocular Toxoplasmosis, Fangli Lu, Shiguang Huang, Lloyd H. Kasper

Dartmouth Scholarship

The role of CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of ocular toxoplasmosis was investigated in murine models utilizing inbred C57BL/6 mice deficient either in CD4+, CD8+, or B cells (μMT). Severe necrosis and inflammation with replicating parasites were observed in the eyes of control mice after primary ocular infection, and near-normal histology with few tachyzoites was observed in the eyes of mice immunized intraperitoneally with the avirulent ts-4 strain followed by intraocular challenge with the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii. In contrast, mild inflammation without evidence of necrosis associated with increased parasite burdens were …

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Binding Between The Niemann–Pick C1 Protein And A Photoactivatable Cholesterol Analog Requires A Functional Sterol-Sensing Domain, Nobutaka Ohgami, Dennis C. Ko, Matthew Thomas, Matthew P. Scott, Catherine C. Y. Chang, Ta-Yuan Chang Aug 2004

Binding Between The Niemann–Pick C1 Protein And A Photoactivatable Cholesterol Analog Requires A Functional Sterol-Sensing Domain, Nobutaka Ohgami, Dennis C. Ko, Matthew Thomas, Matthew P. Scott, Catherine C. Y. Chang, Ta-Yuan Chang

Dartmouth Scholarship

Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) 1 protein plays important roles in moving cholesterol and other lipids out of late endosomes by means of vesicular trafficking, but it is not known whether NPC1 directly interacts with cholesterol. We performed photoaffinity labeling of intact cells expressing fluorescent protein (FP)-tagged NPC1 by using [(3)H]7,7-azocholestanol ([(3)H]AC). After immunoprecipitation, (3)H-labeled NPC1-GFP appeared as a single band. Including excess unlabeled sterol to the labeling reaction significantly diminished the labeling. Altering the NPC1 sterol-sensing domain (SSD) with loss-of-function mutations (P692S and Y635C) severely reduced the extent of labeling. To further demonstrate the specificity of labeling, we show that …

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Durable Cytotoxic Immune Responses Against Gp120 Elicited By Recombinant Sv40 Vectors Encoding Hiv-1 Gp120 +/- Il-15., Hayley J Mckee, Patricia Y T'Sao, Maria Vera, Puri Fortes, David S Strayer Aug 2004

Durable Cytotoxic Immune Responses Against Gp120 Elicited By Recombinant Sv40 Vectors Encoding Hiv-1 Gp120 +/- Il-15., Hayley J Mckee, Patricia Y T'Sao, Maria Vera, Puri Fortes, David S Strayer

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: A vaccine that elicits durable, powerful anti-HIV immunity remains an elusive goal. In these studies we tested whether multiple treatments with viral vector-delivered HIV envelope antigen (gp120), with and without IL-15, could help to approach that goal. For this purpose, we used recombinant Tag-deleted SV40-derived vectors (rSV40s), since they do not elicit neutralizing antibody responses, and so can be given multiply without loss of transduction efficiency. METHODS: SV(gp120) carried the coding sequences for HIV-1NL4-3 Env, and SV(mIL-15) carried the cDNA for mouse IL-15. Singly, and in combination, these two vectors were given monthly to BALB/cJ mice. Cytotoxic immunity and …

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Nongenomic Effects Of Estrogens On Epithelial Chloride Secretion., Sabyasachi Moulik Aug 2004

Nongenomic Effects Of Estrogens On Epithelial Chloride Secretion., Sabyasachi Moulik

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The human colonic cell line T84, a model for studying epithelial chloride secretion and cystic fibrosis chloride channel (CFTR) function, was used to investigate the regulatory role of estrogens in transepithelial ion transport. Estrogens and other steroid hormones do not stimulate chloride secretion by themselves. However, 17 β-estradiol (17β-E2) rapidly (within seconds to minutes) potentiates carbachol- and thapsigargin-stimulated chloride secretion measured as short circuit current in voltage-clamped T84 monolayer cultures. The cholinergic agonist carbachol and the SR Ca2+ ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin stimulate chloride secretion by elevating intracellular calcium. 17α-estradiol, a stereoisomer that does not activate nuclear estrogen receptors, is …

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Immunopathogenesis Of Brain Abscess., Tammy Kielian Aug 2004

Immunopathogenesis Of Brain Abscess., Tammy Kielian

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Brain abscess represents a significant medical problem despite recent advances made in detection and therapy. Due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains and the ubiquitous nature of bacteria, the occurrence of brain abscess is likely to persist. Our laboratory has developed a mouse experimental brain abscess model allowing for the identification of key mediators in the CNS anti-bacterial immune response through the use of cytokine and chemokine knockout mice. Studies of primary microglia and astrocytes from neonatal mice have revealed that S. aureus, one of the main etiologic agents of brain abscess in humans, is a potent stimulus for …

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Modified Amino Acid Copolymers Suppress Myelin Basic Protein 85–99-Induced Encephalomyelitis In Humanized Mice Through Different Effects On T Cells, Zsolt Illés, Joel N.H. Stern, Jay Reddy, Hanspeter Waldner, Marcin P. Mycko, Celia F. Brosnan, Stephan Ellmerich, Daniel M. Altmann, Laura Santambrogio, Jack L. Strominger, Vijay K. Kuchroo Aug 2004

Modified Amino Acid Copolymers Suppress Myelin Basic Protein 85–99-Induced Encephalomyelitis In Humanized Mice Through Different Effects On T Cells, Zsolt Illés, Joel N.H. Stern, Jay Reddy, Hanspeter Waldner, Marcin P. Mycko, Celia F. Brosnan, Stephan Ellmerich, Daniel M. Altmann, Laura Santambrogio, Jack L. Strominger, Vijay K. Kuchroo

Jay Reddy Publications

A humanized mouse bearing the HLA-DR2 (DRA/DRB1*1501) pro- tein associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the myelin basic protein (MBP) 85–99-specific HLA-DR2-restricted T cell receptor from an MS patient has been used to examine the effectiveness of modified amino acid copolymers poly(F,Y,A,K)n and poly- (V,W,A,K)n in therapy of MBP 85–99-induced experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in comparison to Copolymer 1 [Copaxone, poly(Y,E,A,K)n]. The copolymers were designed to optimize binding to HLA-DR2. Vaccination, prevention, and treatment of MBP-induced EAE in the humanized mice with copolymers FYAK and VWAK ameliorated EAE more effectively than Copolymer 1, reduced the number of pathological lesions, and …

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Physiology And Biochemistry Of Lead Accumulation In Sesbania Drummondii, Adam Ruley Aug 2004

Physiology And Biochemistry Of Lead Accumulation In Sesbania Drummondii, Adam Ruley

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This thesis presents the results of three different studies conducted to elucidate the physiology and biochemistry of lead tolerance of Sesbania drummondii. These studies were conducted to determine: 1) the presence of an antioxidant mechanism in S. drummondii to counteract oxidative stress resulting from Pb exposure, 2) the extent of Pb tolerance of S. drummondii seedlings grown in the presence of Pb and synthetic chelators in soil and 3) the expression of antioxidant enzymes in S. drummondii seedlings exposed to Pb and synthetic chelators in aqueous media. In the first study, Sesbania drummondii plants were grown in soil containing 0-10 …

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