Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Demineralized Bone Matrix On Resorption Of Autogenous Cortical Bone Graft In Rats, Hati̇ce Altundal, Hakan Sayrak, Çağri Deli̇lbaşi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) on autogenous cortical bone resorption in rats. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were used and divided into the baseline group (n = 8), the experimental group (n = 24) and the control group (n = 24). The experimental and contol groups were subdivided into three groups. Each subgroup was followed-up for 2, 4, and 12 weeks respectively. Initially, overnight fasting urine and blood samples were collected from the baseline group to obtain biochemical parameters in healthy rats. In the experimental group, bone defects 3 mm in …

Quality Control Studies On Conventional Carbamazepine Tablets Available On The Turkish Drug Market, Tansel Çomoğlu, Nurşi̇n Gönül

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used antiepileptic drug. It is used to control grandmal seizure as well as in the treatment of neuralgia. The drug is characterised by slow and irregular gastrointestinal absorption due to its low water solubility. In clinics, for conventional dosage forms of CBZ, single daily dosing is insufficient; effective CBZ level is provided by multiple drug administration. Multiplicity of dosage causes inconsistent plasma CBZ levels leading to side effects because of narrow therapeutic and toxic levels. In this study, quality controls of different conventional CBZ tablets which are commercially available on the Turkish drug market were …

Does Early Enteral Feeding Affect Clinical Outcome Or Cytokine Profiles After Elective Surgery For Colorectal Cancer?, Elizabeth Anne Baker, Lynne Williams, Sanaa El-Gaddal, Fintan Bergin, David John Leaper

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Patients who have intestinal cancer are prone to malnutrition, which can result in deterioration of physiological function, poor wound healing, increased risk of infection and prolonged hospital stay. These complications are particularly relevant after colorectal surgery. Early enteral feeding, to enhance nutritional status, has been reported to reduce post-operative complications, length of hospital stay and morbidity and mortality after upper gastro-intestinal cancer surgery. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a (\alpha)), clinical outcomes and postoperative complications were measured in 147 patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer (84 standard care; 64 patients had early enteral feeding in addition). There were no significant differences …

Juvenile Dermatomyositis Resistant To Steroids, Muzaffer Polat, İpek Akil, Tarkan İki̇zoğlu, Seli̇m Serter, Mi̇ne Özkol, Özge Yilmaz İki̇zoğlu, Şenol Coşkun

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

POLAT^1, İpek AKIL^1, Tarkan İKİZOĞLU^1, Selim SERTER^2, Mine ÖZKOL^2, Özge YILMAZ İKİZOĞLU^1, Şenol COŞKUN^1 ^1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Celal Bayar University, Manisa - Turkey ^2Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Celal Bayar University, Manisa - Turkey

Gunshot Wounds And Late Infection, Orhan Yildiz, Emi̇ne Alp, Serap Şi̇mşek, Ahmet Selçuklu, Mehmet Doğanay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

LDIZ^1, Emine ALP^1, Serap ŞİMŞEK^1, Ahmet SELÇUKLU^2, Mehmet DOĞANAY^2 ^1Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri - Turkey ^2Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri - Turkey

National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Experience In Multi Center Quality Control Programs For Molecular Diagnostics Of Tuberculosis, Gülnur Tarhan, İsmai̇l Ceyhan, Sali̇h Cesur

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Nucleic acid amplification methods to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in clinical specimens are increasingly used to diagnose tuberculosis. A number of nucleic acids amplification assays have been developed to detect MTBC DNA in clinical material. These assays differ in their requirements for sample volume and sample preparation, methods of amplification, and methods of detection. There are advantages and disadvantages of all assays; thus, there is probably no assay which is best suited to all situations. Quality control programs for molecular diagnostics (QCMD) based on nucleic acid amplification have not been widely implemented in clinical laboratories and remain limited to …

Correlation Between Down Syndrome And The Level Of Placental Alkaline Phosphatase In Amniotic Fluid, Canan Uçar, Sevi̇m Balci, Ergül Tunçbi̇lek, İbrahi̇m Ünsal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between Down syndrome and the level of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in amniotic fluid. A total of 279 amniotic fluid samples taken between 14 and 24 gestational weeks were investigated in this study. Karyotype analysis was made in all samples. In 10 samples trisomy 21 was determined, in one sample trisomy 18, in two samples 47,XXY, in six samples various structural chromosomal anomalies and in 260 samples normal karyotype. PLAP was measured using a fluorometric heat inactivation assay. Mean PLAP multiples of normal gestational median (MOM) value in samples with …

The Prevalence And Resistance Patterns Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa In Intensive Care Units In A University Hospital, Lütfü Savaş, Ni̇zami̇ Duran, Nazan Savaş, Yusuf Önlen, Sabahatti̇n Ocak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The intensive care units (ICUs) are burdened with a high frequency of nosocomial infections often caused by multiresistant nosocomial pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as one of the most problematic Gram-negative pathogens. The objective of this study was to identify frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the various clinical samples in ICUs, and to investigate resistance patterns against various antibiotics widely used for treatment. This study was carried out between September 2000-September 2002. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method according to NCCLS (National Commitee for Clinical and Laboratory Standards) guidelines. The following antibiotics were tested: imipenem, meropenem, …

A Large Odontogenic Keratocyst Containing A Third Molar Tooth In The Maxillary Antrum, Keri̇m Ortakoğlu, Berkay Tolga Süer, Meti̇n Şençi̇men

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

TAKOĞLU, Berkay Tolga SÜER, Metin ŞENÇİMEN Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara - Turkey

Peripheral Facial Paralysis And Apoptosis Induced By Herpes Simplex Type I Virus: A Rat Study, Ni̇met Kabakuş, H. Cengi̇z Alpay, Ahmet Gödekmerdan, Üzeyi̇r Gök, Nusret Akpolat

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Different results have been reported concerning the impact of agents used in the treatment of idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (FNP) generated by HSV type I (HSV-I) on the apoptotic process. We aimed at investigating the effects of different agents (steroids, acyclovir and interferon) used in the treatment of idiopathic FNP on the apoptotic process in animals in whom experimental FNP has been produced by HSV-I. After cleaning the auricles of 113 animals, linear injuries were produced, and then 25 micromole KOS HSV-I was inoculated with the solution containing 1.7 x 107 virus per milliliter. On the 6th day after the …

Effect Of Carotid Stenosis On The Development Of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study, Canan Atalay, Ednan Bayram, Mehmet Dumlu Aydin, Mehmet Bi̇li̇ci̇, Zafer Okumuş, Cemal Gündoğdu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may be seen after the invasive procedures of occlusive carotid artery disease. The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the effect of bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCCAL) on the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Twenty Wistar adult rats (150-200g) were randomly divided into two groups, as follows: (ı) Control group (without BCCAL, n = 5), (II) BCCAL group (n = 15). All rats were sacrificed three months later. The basilar artery with surrounding tissue was removed from the cranium and processed for paraffin embedding. Histopathological and Stereological examinations of the basilar artery were made. During …

Autoımmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type Ii: A Case Report, Özlem Yersal, Gülbi̇n Seyman, Di̇lek Soysal, Hami̇de Aydoğan, Serra Şenteki̇n, Yi̇ği̇t Sözen

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

RSAL^1, Gülbin SEYMAN^1, Dilek SOYSAL^1, Hamide AYDOĞAN^2, Serra ŞENTEKİN^1, Yiğit SÖZEN^1 ^1İzmir Atatürk Education and Research Hospital ,1st Clinic of Internal Medicine; İzmir - Turkey ^2Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Hospital, İzmir - Turkey

A Compilation Of Homologous Cancer-Related Genes In Humans And Dogs, Julie Susan Brown

Honors Program Theses

The purpose of this study was to find out if spontaneously arising point mutations occurred in canine e-kit and if these mutations contributed to the development of mast cell tumors in dogs. Specimens were collected from 11 dogs after tumors had been surgically removed or the dog had died. The e-kit DNA was amplified using PCR, and the previously established point mutations were searched for (London et al., 1999). The point mutations found in human mast cell lines were not detected in the canine e-kit DNA, but new mutations were observed. These new mutations, observed in 50% of the tumors, …

The Use Of Time-Resolved Fluorescence Imaging In The Study Of Protein Kinase C Localisation In Cells., Christopher D Stubbs, Stanley W Botchway, Simon J Slater, Anthony W Parker

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Two-photon-excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging (2P-FLIM) was used to investigate the association of protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha) with caveolin in CHO cells. PKCalpha is found widely in the cytoplasm and nucleus in most cells. Upon activation, as a result of increased intracellular Ca2+ and production of DAG, through G-protein coupled-phospholipase C signalling, PKC translocates to a variety of regions in the cell where it phosphorylates and interacts with many signalling pathways. Due to its wide distribution, discerning a particular interaction from others within the cell is extremely difficult. RESULTS: Fluorescence energy transfer (FRET), between GFP-PKCalpha and DsRed-caveolin, was used …

Hinderin, A Five-Domains Protein Including Coiled-Coil Motifs That Binds To Smc3., Chirag A Patel, Giancarlo Ghiselli

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The structural maintenance of chromosome proteins SMC1 and SMC3 play an important role in the maintenance of chromosomal integrity by preventing the premature separation of the sister chromatids at the onset of anaphase. The two proteins are constitutive components of the multimeric complex cohesin and form dimers by interacting at their central globular regions. RESULTS: In order to identify proteins that by binding to SMC3 may interfere with the protein dimerization process, a human cDNA library was screened by the yeast two-hybrid system by using the hinge region of SMC3 as bait. This has lead to the identification of …

Interdependent Assembly Of Specific Regulatory Lipids And Membrane Fusion Proteins Into The Vertex Ring Domain Of Docked Vacuoles, Rutilio A. Fratti, Youngsoo Jun, Alexey J. Merz, Nathan Margolis, William Wickner

Dartmouth Scholarship

Membrane microdomains are assembled by lipid partitioning (e.g., rafts) or by protein-protein interactions (e.g., coated vesicles). During docking, yeast vacuoles assemble "vertex" ring-shaped microdomains around the periphery of their apposed membranes. Vertices are selectively enriched in the Rab GTPase Ypt7p, the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting complex (HOPS)-VpsC Rab effector complex, SNAREs, and actin. Membrane fusion initiates at vertex microdomains. We now find that the "regulatory lipids" ergosterol, diacylglycerol and 3- and 4-phosphoinositides accumulate at vertices in a mutually interdependent manner. Regulatory lipids are also required for the vertex enrichment of SNAREs, Ypt7p, and HOPS. Conversely, SNAREs and actin …

Degradation Of 23s Rrna In Azithromycin-Treated Ribonuclease Mutants Of Escherichia Coli., Jessica A. Silvers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, specifically binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacterial ribosomes and inhibits translation. Azithromycin also prevents 50S ribosomal subunit assembly by binding to a 50S ribosomal subunit precursor particle. When exposed to azithromycin, several ribonucleases in wild-type Escherichia coli cells degrade antibiotic-bound 50S precursor particles. Presumably, cells expressing one or more mutated ribonucleases will degrade the antibiotic-bound precursor less efficiently, resulting in increased sensitivity to the antibiotic. To test this, eight ribonucleaseûdeficient strains of Escherichia coli were grown in the presence or absence of azithromycin. Cell viability, growth rates, and protein synthesis rates were measured. Degradation …

Role Of Macrophage Apoptosis In Atherosclerosis., June Liu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The presence of apoptotic cells in atherosclerotic lesions has been broadly reported in the past ten years. The majority of these apoptotic cells are macrophages. However, the pathogenic role of macrophage apoptosis in the development of atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. Elevated expression of Bax, one of the pivotal pro-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family, has been found in human atherosclerotic plaques. Activation of Bax also occurs in free cholesterol-loaded and oxysterol treated mouse macrophages. In this study, we evaluated the influence of Bax deficiency on apoptosis in macrophage-like P388D1 cells by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to suppress Bax …

Dose-Dependent Effects Of Salmon Calcitonin On Bone Turnover In Ovariectomized Rats., Beatrice H. Owens

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the United States, osteoporosis results in about 1.5 million annual fractures, costing approximately $15 billion. Calcitonin is safe and effective in slowing osteoporotic bone loss, but its effect is transient. The current studies were designed to explore the dose-dependent effects of salmon calcitonin on bone turnover in ovariectomized rats and to determine if the decrease in therapeutic effectiveness of calcitonin demonstrated over time with higher doses is due to oversuppression of bone turnover. Doses of 5, 15, & 50 IU/kg BW/day of calcitonin were compared to placebo in 12-week-old ovariectomized and sham-ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats for 24 weeks. The spinal …

The Kidney-Specific Wnk1 Isoform Is Induced By Aldosterone And Stimulates Epithelial Sodium Channel-Mediated Na+ Transport, Anikó Naray-Fejes-Toth, Peter M. Snyder, Géza Fejes-Toth

Dartmouth Scholarship

WNK1 belongs to a unique family of Ser/Thr kinases that have been implicated in the control of blood pressure. Intronic deletions in the WNK1 gene result in its overexpression and lead to pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a disease with salt-sensitive hypertension and hyperkalemia. How overexpression of WNK1 leads to Na⁺ retention and hypertension is not entirely clear. Similarly, there is no information on the hormonal regulation of expression of WNK kinases. There are two main WNK1 transcripts expressed in the kidney: the originally described “long” WNK1 and a shorter transcript that is specifically expressed in the kidney (KS-WNK1). The goal …

Regulatory Role Of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 For Transcriptional Activity Of Add1/Srebp1c, Kang Ho Kim, Min Jeong Song, Eung Jae Yoo, Sung Sik Choe, Sang Dai Park, Jae Bum Kim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Adipocyte determination- and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1) plays important roles in lipid metabolism and insulin-dependent gene expression. Because insulin stimulates carbohydrate and lipid synthesis, it would be important to decipher how the transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c is regulated in the insulin signaling pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c. GSK3 inhibitors enhanced a transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c and expression of ADD1/SREBP1c target genes including fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and steroyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in adipocytes and hepatocytes. In contrast, overexpression of GSK3beta down-regulated the transcriptional …

Respiratory Symptoms In Relation To Residential Coal Burning And Environmental Tobacco Smoke Among Early Adolescents In Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study, C. Anderson Johnson, Jiang Xia, Päivi M. Salo, Yan Li, Grace E. Kissling, Edward L. Avol, Chunhong Liu, Stephanie J. London

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Background

Cigarette smoking and coal burning are the primary sources of indoor air pollution in Chinese households. However, effects of these exposures on Chinese children's respiratory health are not well characterized.

Methods

Seventh grade students (N = 5051) from 22 randomly selected schools in the greater metropolitan area of Wuhan, China, completed an in-class self-administered questionnaire on their respiratory health and home environment.

Results

Coal burning for cooking and/or heating increased odds of wheezing with colds [odds ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–2.29] and without colds (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05–1.97). For smoking in the home, …

Enterotoxin B Subunit Lectins As Adjuvants For Improvement Of Mucosal Vaccine, Nak-Won Choi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In comparison with whole organism vaccines, subunit vaccines may be safer for immunization but may lack sufficient immunogenicity to provide complete immunity to the pathogen. To resolve this problem, bacterial and plant enterotoxin B subunit adjuvants containing a variety of receptor-binding properties were used to enhance the immunogenicity of rotavirus subunit vaccines. Enterotoxin B subunit adjuvants were employed to enhance protection against virus infection. Pentameric cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), shiga toxin-1 B subunit (STB) and monomeric ricin toxin B subunit (RTB) molecules were genetically linked to a 90 amino acid peptide from the simian rotavirus (SA11) nonstructural protein NSP4 …

P14arf : A P53-Independent Tumor Suppressor, Monte W. Miller

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Many genetic alterations at the CDKN2A locus on human chromosome 9 have been shown to be at least partially responsible for transformation of cells to a cancerous phenotype. This locus encodes two proteins, p16 and p14, that play a pivotal role in tumor surveillance.

Breakdowns in the p14 pathway have been estimated to be present in approximately 40% of human cancers and only recently have its binding partners and effects begun to be defined. Its interaction with the p53 pathway, which is estimated to be inactivated or mutated in 50% of all cancers, makes it difficult to determine its own …

An Intramolecular Association Between Two Domains Of The Protein Kinase Fused Is Necessary For Hedgehog Signaling, Manuel Ascano Jr., David J. Robbins

Dartmouth Scholarship

The protein kinase Fused (Fu) is an integral member of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Although genetic studies demonstrate that Fu is required for the regulation of the Hh pathway, the mechanistic role that it plays remains largely unknown. Given our difficulty in developing an in vitro kinase assay for Fu, we reasoned that the catalytic activity of Fu might be highly regulated. Several mechanisms are known to regulate protein kinases, including self-association in either an intra- or an intermolecular fashion. Here, we provide evidence that Hh regulates Fu through intramolecular association between its kinase domain (ΔFu) and its carboxyl-terminal …

Papain: A Novel Urine Adulterant., David Burrows

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The estimated number of employees in the United Stated screened annually for illicit drugs is approximately 20 million, with marijuana being the most frequently abused drug. Urine adulterants provide an opportunity for illicit drug users to obtain a false negative result on commonly used primary drug screening methods such as the Fluorescence Polarized Immunoassay (FPIA) technique. Typical chemical adulterants such as nitrites are easily detected or render the urine specimen invalid as defined in the proposed federal guidelines for specimen validity testing based on creatinine, specific gravity and pH. Papain is a cysteine protease with intrinsic ester hydrolysis capability. The …

Characterization Of The Chicken Inward Rectifier K+ Channel Irk1/Kir2.1 Gene., Hideki Mutai, Lawrence C Kenyon, Emily Locke, Nami Kikuchi, John Carl Oberholtzer

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Inward rectifier potassium channels (IRK) contribute to the normal function of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. The chick inward rectifier K+ channel cIRK1/Kir2.1 is expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, brain, but not in liver; a distribution similar but not identical to that of mouse Kir2.1. We set out to explore regulatory domains of the cIRK1 promoter that enhance or inhibit expression of the gene in different cell types. RESULTS: We cloned and characterized the 5'-flanking region of cIRK1. cIRK1 contains two exons with splice sites in the 5'-untranslated region, a structure similar to mouse and human orthologs. cIRK1 has …

Lateral Hypothalamic Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Feeding Stimulation: Differential Contributions Of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases To Feeding Triggered Either By Nmda Injection Or By Food Deprivation, Arshad Khan, Herman Cheung, Elizabeth Gillard, Jennifer Palarca, Derek Welsbie, James Gurd, B. Stanley

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Lateral Hypothalamic Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Feeding Stimulation: Differential Contributions Of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases To Feeding Triggered Either By Nmda Injection Or By Food Deprivation, Khan, Herman Cheung, Elizabeth Gillard, Jennifer Palarca, Derek Welsbie, James Gurd, B. Stanley

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Control Of Mitochondrial Motility And Distribution By The Calcium Signal: A Homeostatic Circuit., Muqing Yi, David Weaver, György Hajnóczky

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles in cells. The control of mitochondrial motility by signaling mechanisms and the significance of rapid changes in motility remains elusive. In cardiac myoblasts, mitochondria were observed close to the microtubular array and displayed both short- and long-range movements along microtubules. By clamping cytoplasmic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]c) at various levels, mitochondrial motility was found to be regulated by Ca2+ in the physiological range. Maximal movement was obtained at resting [Ca2+]c with complete arrest at 1-2 microM. Movement was fully recovered by returning to resting [Ca2+]c, and inhibition could be repeated with no apparent desensitization. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate- or …