Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Resveratrol On Resistin And Apelin Gene Expressions In Adipose Tissue Of Diabetic Rats, Sadegh Zarei, Massoud Saidijam, Jamshid Karimi, Reza Yadegarazari, Azam Rezaei Farimani, Solmazsaadat Hosseini-Zijood, Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Adipose tissue plays a major role in glucose homeostasis. Dietary antioxidants such as resveratrol (RSV) may offer some protection against the early stage of diabetes mellitus and the development of complications. The present study investigated the effects of RSV on biochemical parameters and resistin and apelin gene expressions in adipose tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: Diabetes was induced using a single dose of streptozotocin + nicotinamide. Three groups of diabetic rats were treated with different doses of RSV (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight per day). Oxidative status, serum biochemical parameters, insulin, and …

Therapeutic Effects Of Intralipid And Medialipid Emulsionsin A Rat Model Of Verapamil Toxicity, Fatma Akgün Şahi̇n, Sidika Hülya Çelebi̇, İrfan Güngör, Demet Coskun, Eli̇f Ergüven Kaya

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Lipid emulsions are promising as a potential new therapy for severe verapamil overdose. Our purpose is to draw attention to the choice of solution by investigating the efficacy of intralipid 20% or medialipid 20% in verapamil overdose. Materials and methods: Eighteen adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (saline; Group C), intralipid 20% (Group I), and medialipid 20% (Group M). Rats were anesthetized with ketamine. Blood gas analysis, baseline heart rate (HRb), and mean arterial pressure (MAPb) were evaluated. Verapamil at 2.5 mg kg-1 min-1 was infused until the HRb and MAPb decreased by 50% …

Boswellia Serrata Gum Resin Aqueous Extract Upregulatesbdnf But Not Creb Expression In Adult Male Rat Hippocampus, Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori, Farzaneh Sadeghi, Mohammad Ali Hosseinpourfeizi, Farzam Shaikhzadeh-Hesari, Aylar Nakhlband, Mohammad Rahmati-Yamchi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Boswellia from the family Burseraceae has been proposed for prevention of amnesia; however, the molecular mechanism by which it affects memory is not clear. To reveal the potential molecular mechanism, the effects of boswellia on the expression of two memory related genes, CREB and BDNF, were investigated. Materials and methods: Twenty-one male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 7): the control group received distilled water and the treatment groups received two doses of aqueous extract of Boswellia serrata gum resin (boswellia) (50 and 100 mg/kg) every day for 4 weeks. The animals were tested by the …

Effects Of Crocin On Experimental Obesity And Type-2 Diabetes, Ömer Hazman, Laçi̇ne Aksoy, Ahmet Büyükben

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of this study is to scrutinize the effects of crocin on obesity and type-2 diabetes, with an approach that takes oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters into account. Materials and methods: The experimental obesity model was created by utilizing a 10-week-long high-fat diet (HFD). An experimental type-2 diabetes model was created by injecting multiple low-dose streptozocin (STZ) injections into rats that were fed with the HFD. The treatment groups were administered a daily crocin dose of 150 mg/kg for 6 weeks via gavage. Results: Findings of the study demonstrated that crocin could be effective in relieving the symptoms …

Rigorous Evaluation Of The Patterns Of Nickel Sensitization Inchildren With Atopic Dermatitis Is Needed, Nikoleta Brankov, Sharon E. Jacob

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Physical Activity/Exercise And Diabetes: A Position Statement Of The American Diabetes Association, Sheri R. Colberg, Ronald J. Sigal, Jane E. Yardley, Michael C. Riddell, David W. Dunstan, Paddy C. Dempsey

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

The adoption and maintenance of physical activity are critical foci for blood glucose management and overall health in individuals with diabetes and prediabetes. Recommendations and precautions vary depending on individual characteristics and health status. In this Position Statement, we provide a clinically oriented review and evidence-based recommendations regarding physical activity and exercise in people with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, and prediabetes.

Physical activity includes all movement that increases energy use, whereas exercise is planned, structured physical activity. Exercise improves blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes, reduces cardiovascular risk factors, contributes to weight loss, and …

Il-15 Mediates Mitochondrial Activity Through A Ppar𝛿-Dependent-Ppar𝛼-Independent Mechanism In Skeletal Muscle Cells, Shantaé M. Thornton, James E. Krolopp, Marcia J. Abbott

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Molecular mediators of metabolic processes, to increase energy expenditure, have become a focus for therapies of obesity. The discovery of cytokines secreted from the skeletal muscle (SKM), termed “myokines,” has garnered attention due to their positive effects on metabolic processes. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a myokine that has numerous positive metabolic effects and is linked to the PPAR family of mitochondrial regulators. Here, we aimed to determine the importance of PPAR𝛼 and/or PPAR𝛿 as targets of IL-15 signaling. C2C12 SKM cells were differentiated for 6 days and treated every other day with IL-15 (100 ng/mL), a PPAR𝛼 inhibitor (GW-6471), a PPAR𝛿 …

N-Acetylcysteine Decreases Binge Eating In A Rodent Model, M. M. Hurley, Jon M. Resch, Brian Maunze, M. M. Frenkel, David A. Baker, Sujean Choi

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Binge-eating behavior involves rapid consumption of highly palatable foods leading to increased weight gain. Feeding in binge disorders resembles other compulsive behaviors, many of which are responsive to N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is a cysteine prodrug often used to promote non-vesicular glutamate release by a cystine–glutamate antiporter. To examine the potential for NAC to alter a form of compulsive eating, we examined the impact of NAC on binge eating in a rodent model. Specifically, we monitored consumption of standard chow and a high-fat, high carbohydrate western diet (WD) in a rodent limited-access binge paradigm. Before each session, rats received either …

Cb1 Receptor Antagonism Blocks Stress-Potentiated Reinstatement Of Cocaine Seeking In Rats, Jayme R. Mcreynolds, Elizabeth M. Doncheck, Oliver Vranjkovic, Geoffrey S. Ganzman, David A. Baker, Cecilia J. Hillard, John R. Mantsch

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Rationale

Under some conditions, stress, rather than directly triggering cocaine seeking, potentiates reinstatement to other stimuli, including a subthreshold cocaine dose. The mechanisms responsible for stress-potentiated reinstatement are not well defined. Endocannabinoid signaling is increased by stress and regulates synaptic transmission in brain regions implicated in motivated behavior.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) signaling is required for stress-potentiated reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats.

Methods

Following i.v. cocaine self-administration (2 h access/day) and extinction in male rats, footshock stress alone does not reinstate cocaine seeking but reinstatement is …

In Vitro Modeling Of The Interaction Between Human Epithelial Cells And Lymphocytes Upon Influenza Infection, Natalia A. Ilyushina, Pete F. Wright

Dartmouth Scholarship

Influenza viruses are a continuous threat to humans because of their ability to cross species barriers and adapt to new hosts. Data from murine studies, along with limited human data, suggest that CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that recognize conserved epitopes of structural influenza proteins are the main mediators of influenza virus clearance. Additionally, the fact that many CTLs recognize epitopes shared between different influenza strains offers the potential for broad cross-strain immunity. However, the mechanisms of cellular immunity against influenza viruses are poorly defined in humans, where the CTL response has been hard to measure and interpret. We developed …

Stress Granules And Rna Processing Bodies Are Novel Autoantibody Targets In Systemic Sclerosis, Michael E. Johnson, Andrew V. Grassetti, Jaclyn N. Taroni, Shawn M. Lyons, Devin Schweppe, Jessica K. Gordon, Robert F. Speira, Robert Lafyatis, Paul J. Anderson, Scott A. Gerber, Michael L. Whitfield

Dartmouth Scholarship

Autoantibody profiles represent important patient stratification markers in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Here, we performed serum-immunoprecipitations with patient antibodies followed by mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to obtain an unbiased view of all possible autoantibody targets and their associated molecular complexes recognized by SSc.

Perceptions And Attitudes Of A Sample Of Primary Care Patients Receiving Psychological Care From Their Pcp, Nadine Henzes Gowarty

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

With millions of Americans suffering from a mental health disorder and slightly more than half receiving treatment, the demand for psychological services far outweighs the number of practitioners available to provide direct care. Therefore, the majority of all primary-care visits are based on psychosocial factors; one third of a PCP’s caseloads consist of patients with mental-health problems. Given the fact that PCPs provide comprehensive psychosocial care, it is important to determine the beliefs and perceptions of their patients. Results from this study identified numerous factors that influence the relationship between patients receiving mental health care from their PCP. Specifically, if …

Does Aerobic Exercise During Pregnancy Prevent Cesarean Sections?, Kait Lassen

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not aerobic exercise in pregnant women prevents cesarean sections (“C-sections”).

STUDY DESIGN: Review of two English articles and one English/Portuguese article, two of which were randomized control trials (RCTs) and one was a prospective study, all published after 2011.

DATA SOURCES: Two RCTs and one prospective study found via PubMed and Cochrane Database.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The main clinical outcome in all studies measured the incidence of C-section as compared to vaginal delivery. The outcomes were measured by method of delivery which was categorized as either vaginally or …

Does Oral Gabapentin Administered Prior To Scheduled Cesarean Delivery Decrease Pain With Movement In Adult Women At 24 Hours As Compared To Placebo?, Ashley E. Boller

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine review is to determine whether or not oral gabapentin administered prior to scheduled cesarean delivery decreases pain with movement in adult women at 24 hours postpartum as compared to placebo.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language, peer-reviewed, primary studies published after 2000.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized, placebo-controlled trials comparing the efficacy of oral gabapentin to a lactose placebo in adult women undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Sources were selected from PubMed, Medline, Ovid, and the Cochrane Database to include all studies matching the keywords that were published in peer-reviewed, English language …

Modulation Of Body Weight By Intestinal Flora In Orphan Nuclear Receptor Shp-/- Mice, Ryan Mifflin

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The whole-body deletion of small heterodimer partner (SHP) in mice is associated with protection from diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis upon feeding of a western diet. This protection was reported to be mediated through decreases in hepatic gene expression for lipogenesis, as well as increases in gene expression for fatty acid oxidation. SHP has been known to regulate the expression of the CYP7A1 gene, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis, thereby altering the bile acid pool. The effects of this altered bile acid profile on the gut microbiome are unknown, as some bacteria in the gut are responsible …

Neural Circuitry Deficits Associated With Dysfunctional Myelin, Kathleen June Maheras

Wayne State University Dissertations

In the current study, we have generated mutant mice that lack Claudin 11 (Cldn11) tight junctions in CNS myelin sheaths. In myelin sheaths, Cldn11 forms tight junctions located along the outer and inner edges of the membrane spiral, preventing ions and small molecules from entering the intramyelinic space. The function of Cldn11 tight junctions is to improve the passive properties of the myelin membrane, by increasing membrane resistance and reducing capacitance, thereby improving the speed of saltatory conduction. In the absence of Cldn11, conduction velocity is slowed, most dramatically in small diameter myelinated fibers, somewhat analogous to reducing myelin thickness. …

Role Of Secretory Granule Heterogeneity In Calcium-Triggered Exocytosis, Tejeshwar Rao

Wayne State University Dissertations

The sympathetic nervous system is activated by a variety of threats to organismal homeostasis. The adrenomedullary chromaffin cell is the core effector of sympathetic activity in the peripheral nervous system. By design, the chromaffin cell secretory response is mutable so that release can be rapidly tuned to drive context-dependent changes in physiological function. However, the mechanisms by which this tuning is achieved with such high temporal fidelity and context specificity remain unclear. This represents a major gap in our understanding of the sympatho-adrenal system since it is known to modify the function of nearly every organ system in the body. …

Simvastatin's Effects On Survival And Outcome In Traumatic Braininjury Patients: A Comparative Study, Taraneh Naghibi, Sara Madani, Saideh Mazloomzadeh, Faramarz Dobakhti

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Mortality and morbidity still remain high in patients with traumatic brain injuries. Understanding the role of new treatments in these patients is critical. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of simvastatin on survival and outcome in traumatic brain injury patients. Materials and methods: Forty-four patients were assigned to receive either simvastatin or a placebo. The serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were measured at the first 24 h and 48 h after trauma. All data, including the Glasgow Coma Scale score, survival at discharge, length of intensive care unit stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation, …

Mucormycosis: A 10-Year Experience At A Tertiary Care Center In Turkey, Süheyla Kömür, Ayşe Seza İnal, Behi̇ce Kurtaran, Aslihan Ulu, Aysun Uğuz, Hasan Sali̇h Zeki̇ Aksu, Yeşi̇m Taşova

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Mucormycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection most commonly encountered in the immunocompromised host. We analyzed 51 adult patients treated for mucormycosis between 2003 and 2013 and recorded at a tertiary university hospital in Turkey. Materials and methods: We examined the following data for all patients: age, sex, predisposing disease, symptoms, treatment, surgical procedure, concomitant infections, intensive care requirement, and outcomes. Results: During the study period 51 cases of mucormycosis were documented; 54.9% of the patients were female. The mean age was 44.2 ± 18.2 years. Rhinocerebral presentation was reported in 94.1% of patients. Almost all patients (88.2%) had …

Complete Genome Sequence Of Highly Virulent Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Variants That Recently Emerged In The United States, Aspen M. Workman, Timothy P.L. Smith, Fernando A. Osorio, Hiep L.X. Vu

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

A recent outbreak of particularly virulent disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus has occurred in swine herds across the United States. We report here the complete genome sequence of eight viral isolates from four Nebraska herds experiencing an outbreak of severe disease in 2016.

Whole Genomic Sequence Analysis Of Bacillus Infantis: Defining The Genetic Blueprint Of Strain Nrrl B-14911, An Emerging Cardiopathogenic Microbe, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Akram Mohammed, John Dustin Loy, Tanya Purvis, Bharathi Krishnan, Rakesh H. Basavalingappa, Christy M. Kelley, Chittibabu Guda, Raúl G. Barletta, Etsuko N. Moriyama, Timothy P.L. Smith, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: We recently reported the identification of Bacillus sp. NRRL B-14911 that induces heart autoimmunity by generating cardiac-reactive T cells through molecular mimicry. This marine bacterium was originally isolated from the Gulf of Mexico, but no associations with human diseases were reported. Therefore, to characterize its biological and medical significance, we sought to determine and analyze the complete genome sequence of Bacillus sp. NRRL B-14911.

Results: Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic transcribed spacers, phenotypic microarray, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-offlight mass spectrometry, we propose that this …

Erratum To: Association Of Autophagy In The Cell Death Mediated By Dihydrotestosterone In Autoreactive T Cells Independent Of Antigenic Stimulation, Ting Jia, Anandhan Annadurai, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Rajkumar A. Rajasekaran, Rodrigo Franco, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Visualizing Herpesvirus Procapsids In Living Cells, Oana Maier, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard, Gregory A. Smith

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A complete understanding of herpesvirus morphogenesis requires studies of capsid assembly dynamics in living cells. Although fluorescent tags fused to the VP26 and pUL25 capsid proteins are available, neither of these components is present on the initial capsid assembly, the procapsid. To make procapsids accessible to live-cell imaging, we made a series of recombinant pseudorabies viruses that encoded green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused in frame to the internal capsid scaffold and maturation protease. One recombinant, a GFP-VP24 fusion, maintained wild-type propagation kinetics in vitro and approximated wild-type virulence in vivo. The fusion also proved to be well tolerated in …

Modulation Of Gamma And Alpha Spinal Motor Neurons Activity By Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation: Effects On Reflexive Actions And Locomotor Activity, Zaghloul Ahmed

Publications and Research

Spontaneous and evoked spinal activities interact to set the characteristics of emergent motor responses. Gamma motor neurons have feedforward and feedback functions in motor control, which are crucial for transforming motor commands into action. Meanwhile, the intrinsic excitability and functional connectivity of alpha motor neurons determine the accuracy of actions. In this study, we investigated the effects of trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) on spontaneous and cortically evoked activity of well-isolated single units of gamma and alpha motor neurons in mice. We also investigated the effects of tsDCS on reflexive and locomotor actions. In general, motor neurons showed increased responses …

Factors Influencing The Collagen Fiber Angle Distribution In The Mouse Aorta, Shana Roach Watson

Theses and Dissertations

The aortic extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of microstructural proteins, collagen and elastin, together with proteoglycans and other components. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that influence morphological and structural changes in the ECM and can degrade the matrix as it responds to cellular behaviors such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, and migration. Collagen is the most important component among the extracellular proteins because it provides strength and stability to the tissue. Changes in collagen content play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. These changes can be induced by increased or decreased proteinase activity. Therefore, we studied the collagen …

Genetic And Epigenetic Mechanisms Of Complex Reproductive Disorders, Bhavi P. Modi

Theses and Dissertations

Common, complex disorders are polygenic and multifactorial traits representing interactions between environmental, genetic and epigenetic risk factors. More often than not, contributions of these risk factors have been studied individually and this is especially true for complex reproductive traits where application of genomic technologies has been challenging and slow to progress. This thesis explores the potential of genetic and epigenetic components contributing to a better understanding of the biological pathways underlying disease risk in two specific female complex reproductive traits - polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The PCOS projects focus on characterization of a …

Post-Tbi Hippocampal Neurogenesis In Different Tbi Models, Kaushal S. Patel

Theses and Dissertations

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to short-term and long-term consequences that can cause many different life-long disorders. Studies of TBI have generally focused on the acute stage; however, it is now becoming important to investigate chronic responses following TBI as clinical reports of dementia and cognitive impairments have been linked to a history of TBI. Recent data have established that cognitive function is associated with hippocampal neurogenesis. Chronic injury induced changes in the brain may affect this endogenous process. Chronic responses following TBI include cell death pathways and inflammatory responses that are persistent in the brain for months to years …

Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury On Oxycodone Reinstatement And Physical Dependence, Neil B. Varshneya

Theses and Dissertations

Epidemiological data indicate that patients who experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) have an elevated risk of developing a substance use disorder (SUD), but the underlying neurobiological connections remain unclear. To further understand the relationship between TBI and SUD, we investigated the effects of TBI on the abuse-related effects of oxycodone in preclinical models. Our evaluation utilized a lateral fluid percussion injury of moderate severity in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. In the first aim, we tested the hypothesis that moderate TBI increases the risk for relapse to an opioid use disorder as measured by reinstatement of lever-pressing behavior following extinction …

Potential Treatments For Malformation Associated Epilepsy, Olivia M. Bowles

Theses and Dissertations

Epilepsy has been previously attributed to either increased excitation or decreased inhibition. With this closed frame of mind, modern medicine has been unable to develop a permanent treatment against the mechanisms of epilepsy. In order to treat patients with intractable seizures, especially those caused by developmental malformations, it is essential to understand the entirety of mechanisms that could possibly play a role in the abnormal cortical function. One such developmental malformation is known as polymicrogyria. Epileptogenesis occurs in an area laterally adjacent to this malformation known as the paramicrogyral region (PMR). Past studies have narrowed down the potential cause of …

Pharmacological Implications Of Adenosine 2a Receptor- Dopamine Type 2 Receptor Heteromerization, Candice N. Hatcher-Solis

Theses and Dissertations

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are heptahelical, transmembrane proteins that mediate a plethora of physiological functions by binding ligands and releasing G proteins that interact with downstream effectors. GPCRs signal as monomers, complexes of the same receptor subtype (homomers), or complexes of different receptor subtypes (heteromers). Recently, heteromeric GPCR complexes have become attractive targets for drug development since they exhibit distinct signaling and cell-specific localization from their homomeric counterparts. Yet, the effect of heteromerization on the pharmacology of many GPCR homomers remains unknown. Therefore, we have undertaken the task to examine the effect of heteromerization on G_s signaling through the …